{ "model": { "rank": 2084, "code": "thing-q26843", "model_id": "vr.tr.orcinus-orca", "name": "Orcinus orca", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Orcinus orca, assess an identified animal or population using appropriate evidence, and determine which observation or conservation actions require further authority.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q26843/", "tier": 2, "score": 116, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Captive killer whales" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 116, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q26843", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26843", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:50:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.05365698, "turns": 1, "seconds": 186, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 102, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b43-2554-70f3-a2dd-bb63fe213a01\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Orcinus orca\nRegistry id: vr.tr.orcinus-orca\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" }, "chunk": 2, "archetype": "organism" } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q26843", "registryId": "vr.tr.orcinus-orca", "name": "Orcinus orca", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q26843/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.orcinus-orca", "name": "Orcinus orca", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Orcinus orca, assess an identified animal or population using appropriate evidence, and determine which observation or conservation actions require further authority.", "definition": "Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) is the sole generally recognised living species of the delphinid genus Orcinus: a cosmopolitan odontocete whose current species name still lumps several sympatric, culturally transmitted ecotypes that differ in prey, dialect, social structure and morphology and that may be more than one biological species.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological interpretation of vr.tr.orcinus-orca in PHY / PHY.LIV: the orca taxon and the evidence connecting its individuals, social groups and populations, with taxonomic boundaries explicitly tied to an authority and date.", "in_scope": [ "Scientific identity, nomenclatural authority, external taxonomy identifiers and competing taxon concepts", "Recognition of individual orcas and evidence for population or ecotype assignment", "Life stages, sexual dimorphism, reproductive state and individual condition", "Native marine range, seasonal habitat use, prey specialisation and social relationships", "Population trends, conservation assessments, threats and constraints on interventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General cetacean anatomy and physiology except features needed to interpret orca observations", "Independent models of prey species, marine habitats and food webs", "Meat, extracted tissues and traded products as commodities", "Aquarium operations, vessel operations and tourism businesses", "Veterinary procedures, research permits and legislation as independently maintained protocols" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Evaluate the combination of contrasting body pigmentation, pale eye patches, saddle region and dorsal-fin profile; a distant fin silhouette alone is insufficient. [NOAA identification overview](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale).", "Resolve the scientific name to Orcinus in Delphinidae; the common name killer whale does not place it among baleen whales. [NCBI taxonomy](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=9733&lvl=0).", "Require matching dorsal-fin details and saddle markings across usable photographs before treating two sightings as one individual. [NOAA research overview](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale).", "Distinguish species recognition from ecotype assignment: geography or a single prey encounter cannot independently establish the latter, whose interpretation also involves morphology, behaviour and genetics. [NOAA ecotype overview](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale/science)." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758); family Delphinidae; NCBI Taxonomy ID 9733; GBIF identifier requires verification. [NCBI taxonomy](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=9733&lvl=0).", "why_it_matters": "Anchors the registry entry while keeping authority-specific classifications distinguishable." }, { "name": "Biological reference level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "taxon; population; management stock; ecotype; social group; individual", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an individual observation or local assessment from becoming a species-wide assertion." }, { "name": "Population and ecotype affiliation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named population or ecotype, assignment evidence, confidence and classification authority; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which ecological and demographic comparisons are applicable." }, { "name": "Individual recognition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Photo-identification catalogue match, image dates, distinguishing marks and match confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports repeat observations without double-counting animals." }, { "name": "Body dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Body length in m; mass in kg; measurement method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth and condition interpretation against sex-, stage- and population-appropriate references." }, { "name": "Sex and developmental stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Sex: female, male or unknown; stage: calf, juvenile or adult; age estimate in years with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates developmental changes from sexual dimorphism and avoids unsupported maturity assignments." }, { "name": "Reproductive and dependency state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pregnancy, lactation, calf dependence and reproductive history, each observed, inferred or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Changes the interpretation of behaviour, vulnerability and demographic contribution." }, { "name": "Habitat use", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Marine region, dated coordinates, season, coastal or offshore context, ice association and observation effort", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes regular habitat use from occasional occurrence." }, { "name": "Prey dependence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Prey taxon, observed consumption or inferred dietary contribution, season and supporting method", "why_it_matters": "Connects population condition to relevant prey rather than a species-wide menu." }, { "name": "Social and acoustic affiliation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Documented maternal links, repeated associations and recorded call repertoire with attribution confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition of social units without equating proximity with kinship." }, { "name": "Individual condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dated body-condition assessment, visible injury, entanglement, behaviour and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports triage while separating observable signs from diagnosis." }, { "name": "Population trajectory", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Estimated individuals, uncertainty interval, survey period, trend and estimation method", "why_it_matters": "Makes abundance comparisons conditional on population boundaries and survey coverage." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Assessment category, assessed unit, authority and year; a 2017 global IUCN assessment is reported as Data Deficient, pending direct currency verification. [Icelandic Institute of Natural History](https://www.ni.is/is/biota/animalia/chordata/mammalia/cetacea/hahyrningur-orcinus-orca).", "why_it_matters": "Keeps global assessment, local population risk and legal protection distinct." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether photographs, recordings or genetic evidence support identification as Orcinus orca, retaining unresolved alternatives.", "Match repeat sightings to an individual catalogue and propose population affiliation with explicit confidence.", "Compare growth, reproductive history and condition with suitable population-specific references.", "Relate changes in distribution or condition to documented prey availability and disturbance exposure.", "Flag a distressed animal for an appropriate response organisation and identify applicable protocols before intervention.", "Compare conservation evidence for the same assessed unit and identify research needed before a management decision." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "linnaeus-1758", "title": "Systema Naturae, 10th edition (Delphinus orca, p. 77)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Original combination, authorship and date of the species name later placed in Orcinus." }, { "id": "iucn-2017", "title": "Orcinus orca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T15421A50368125", "url": "https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15421/50368125", "what_it_supports": "Global Data Deficient listing, assessment year, and the explicit caveat that ecotypes may warrant species-level splits.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "worms-aphia-137187", "title": "Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)", "url": "https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?id=137187", "what_it_supports": "Accepted marine binomial, authority, AphiaID and higher classification in Delphinidae.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "itis-180469", "title": "Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)", "url": "https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180469", "what_it_supports": "ITIS taxonomic serial number and placement as a dolphin, not a true whale family.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pitman-ensor-2003", "title": "Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Antarctic waters", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Field diagnosis of Antarctic Types A, B and C as distinct prey-and-morphology forms." }, { "id": "jefferson-webber-pitman", "title": "Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification (2nd ed.)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Species-level identification, size ranges, and separation from other blackfish." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "orca-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Orca identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what the registry name denotes and how observations attach to that concept.", "rationale": "Taxonomic proposals and population labels can change which animals a claim covers.", "layers": [ { "id": "named-taxon", "name": "Named taxon", "description": "Anchor nomenclature and preserve the chosen taxonomic interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-bound-identity", "name": "Authority-bound identity", "description": "Use Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758), retaining its basionym Delphinus orca and NCBI identifier 9733 as traceable name links. [NCBI taxonomy](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=9733&lvl=0).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authority, version and taxon concept define Orcinus orca for this record?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authority-bound-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified GBIF and NCBI records correspond to that concept, and when were they checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-bound-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ecotype-and-population-boundaries", "name": "Ecotype and population boundaries", "description": "Distinguish ecological forms, taxonomic ranks and management units.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-does-not-imply-equivalence", "name": "Classification does not imply equivalence", "description": "Retain alternative classifications without splitting the registry entry automatically: NOAA's 2024 stock assessment discusses proposed species recognition and provisional subspecies treatment for residents and Bigg's killer whales. [NOAA stock assessment](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/s3/2026-04/final_2024-mmsar_killer-whale.pdf).", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the supplied label identify an ecotype, subspecies, population, stock or social group?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-does-not-imply-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports membership, and how would a different taxonomic treatment change the claim's coverage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "classification-does-not-imply-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-recognition-and-life-course", "name": "Individual recognition and life course", "description": "Connect sightings to animals and interpret change through development.", "rationale": "Repeated sightings, growth and reproductive events must refer to the correct individual.", "layers": [ { "id": "recognition-evidence", "name": "Recognition evidence", "description": "Evaluate visual or molecular identification and catalogue continuity.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-individual-match", "name": "Traceable individual match", "description": "Require inspectable evidence for an individual match and preserve uncertain or conflicting catalogue assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fin features, saddle markings or genetic comparisons support this identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-individual-match-q01" }, { "text": "Could image angle, injury, image quality or an incomplete catalogue explain an apparent mismatch?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-individual-match-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Interpret age, sex, size and reproductive observations together.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-aware-body-interpretation", "name": "Stage-aware body interpretation", "description": "Adult males generally have greater size and taller dorsal fins than females; retain uncertainty for immature animals and avoid deriving reproductive state from size alone. [NOAA species account](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale).", "questions": [ { "text": "Are sex and age based on known history, anatomical evidence or appearance-based estimation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-aware-body-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations establish calf dependency, maturity or reproductive state for this animal?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-aware-body-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "marine-range-and-prey-dependence", "name": "Marine range and prey dependence", "description": "Relate orca occurrence to habitat use and locally supported feeding ecology.", "rationale": "A widespread taxon can contain populations with restricted habitat use and specialised diets.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-and-seasonal-use", "name": "Range and seasonal use", "description": "Separate global distribution from documented population occupancy.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-is-not-residency", "name": "Occurrence is not residency", "description": "Orcas occur in every ocean; an occurrence record does not establish year-round residency or the range of a particular population. [NOAA distribution overview](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale/science).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which repeated, dated observations establish seasonal or persistent use of this marine area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "occurrence-is-not-residency-q01" }, { "text": "Does an apparent absence reflect survey coverage, detection limits or supported departure?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "occurrence-is-not-residency-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feeding-specialisation", "name": "Feeding specialisation", "description": "Connect prey evidence to a particular animal, group and period.", "findings": [ { "id": "diet-requires-population-context", "name": "Diet requires population context", "description": "Fish-focused resident and marine-mammal-focused Bigg's ecotypes illustrate why prey dependence cannot be inferred from the species name alone. [NOAA feeding overview](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale/science).", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the prey assignment supported by observed feeding, prey remains, molecular analysis or dietary tracers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diet-requires-population-context-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence establish a single feeding event, seasonal use or sustained dependence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diet-requires-population-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "social-relations-and-acoustic-behaviour", "name": "Social relations and acoustic behaviour", "description": "Represent relationships and vocal evidence without imposing one social pattern on all orcas.", "rationale": "Group membership and acoustic attribution affect identification and interpretation of behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "kinship-and-association", "name": "Kinship and association", "description": "Keep maternal relationships separate from observed companionship.", "findings": [ { "id": "association-is-not-kinship", "name": "Association is not kinship", "description": "Record observed associations, proposed pod membership and documented maternal links as separate claims with their own evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which repeated encounters support a persistent social association rather than a temporary aggregation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "association-is-not-kinship-q01" }, { "text": "What birth history, longitudinal evidence or genetic analysis supports a proposed maternal relationship?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "association-is-not-kinship-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calls-and-behavioural-context", "name": "Calls and behavioural context", "description": "Interpret recordings using attribution confidence and observed activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "acoustic-attribution-limits", "name": "Acoustic attribution limits", "description": "Keep call detection, repertoire matching and behavioural interpretation separate; require regional validation before assigning an acoustic record to a population.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference recordings and concurrent sightings support the proposed caller or population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "acoustic-attribution-limits-q01" }, { "text": "How do recording coverage, background noise and overlapping callers limit the interpretation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acoustic-attribution-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-conservation-and-response", "name": "Condition, conservation and response", "description": "Connect animal condition and population evidence to proportionate next actions.", "rationale": "Individual distress, population decline and legal protection require different evidence and decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-and-exposure", "name": "Condition and exposure", "description": "Separate visible signs, measured exposures and causal explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "observations-before-diagnosis", "name": "Observations before diagnosis", "description": "Record body condition, injuries and potential exposures with dates and methods; treat causal attribution as a separate evidential step.", "questions": [ { "text": "What change in body condition, movement or visible injury is documented relative to this animal's history?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observations-before-diagnosis-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence connects the change to prey limitation, contaminants, noise, entanglement or another cause?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observations-before-diagnosis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-and-authorised-response", "name": "Assessment and authorised response", "description": "Apply conservation evidence and intervention rules to the correct unit and location.", "findings": [ { "id": "unit-specific-decisions", "name": "Unit-specific decisions", "description": "Require an assessment's unit, date and authority before applying it; resolve current local protocols before approaching, sampling or attempting assistance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the cited assessment concern the global taxon or the population involved, and is a newer assessment available?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "unit-specific-decisions-q01" }, { "text": "Which current authority and protocol govern observation, reporting, sampling or intervention at this location?", "kind": "action", "id": "unit-specific-decisions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "North Pacific residents (fish-eating, matrilineal communities, including the Southern Resident stock)", "Bigg's / transient killer whales (North Pacific mammal-eaters)", "North Pacific offshore killer whales (outer-coast shark and fish eaters)", "North Atlantic Type 1 (generalist / fish-eating)", "North Atlantic Type 2 (mammal-eating)", "Antarctic Type A (open-water minke-whale hunters)", "Antarctic Type B (pack-ice seal hunters, including large B and small Gerlache B)", "Subantarctic Type D (blunt-snouted, rare; Antarctic Type C / Ross Sea fish-eaters are a further field form)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Linnaean binomial (original combination)", "value_or_pattern": "Delphinus orca Linnaeus, 1758", "note": "Type locality given as European seas; later transferred to Orcinus Fitzinger, 1860." }, { "scheme": "Accepted binomial", "value_or_pattern": "Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)", "note": "No widely accepted living subspecies; ecotypes are informal." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q26843", "note": "Item for the species, not for an individual or a captive display animal." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "9733", "note": "Taxid for the species; genome and barcode records hang off this node." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "180469", "note": "North American integrated checklist." }, { "scheme": "WoRMS AphiaID", "value_or_pattern": "137187", "note": "Authoritative marine taxonomic record." }, { "scheme": "IUCN Red List species number", "value_or_pattern": "15421", "note": "Global assessment; regional and DPS listings use other instruments." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxonKey", "value_or_pattern": "2436436", "note": "Occurrence backbone usage for the species; confirm against the current GBIF backbone if citing counts." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - global Data Deficient (2017), IUCN SSC Cetacean Specialist Group, because ecotype taxonomy is unresolved.", "CITES Appendix II (CITES Secretariat) - international commercial trade in specimens is controlled; all cetaceans are listed unless a stricter appendix applies.", "Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Appendix II (UNEP/CMS) - range-state cooperation, not a take ban by itself.", "United States Marine Mammal Protection Act 1972 (NOAA Fisheries) - take, import and harassment rules for all stocks in U.S. waters.", "United States Endangered Species Act - Southern Resident distinct population segment listed Endangered (NMFS, 2005); other U.S. stocks are not ESA-listed.", "Canada Species at Risk Act / COSEWIC designatable units - Southern Residents Endangered; Northern Residents, West Coast transients and offshores assessed at risk separately from the global species.", "IWC Scientific Committee (International Whaling Commission) - research and bycatch advice; orcas are odontocetes and sit awkwardly relative to the large-whale moratorium.", "National vessel-approach rules (e.g. U.S. and Canadian Salish Sea distances for Southern Residents) - operational regulation of watching, not of the taxon name." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Encountered as a free-ranging apex predator in coastal and pelagic waters of all oceans, including high latitudes and some enclosed seas.", "Photo-identified and catalogued as named matrilines and communities (e.g. Center for Whale Research J/K/L pods; DFO Northern Resident catalogue), which is how managers count them.", "Target of commercial and community whale-watching in the Salish Sea, Norway, Iceland, New Zealand, Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula.", "Historically live-captured for oceanarium display; several jurisdictions now restrict or ban captive orcas, so the display animal is a declining, legally distinct use of the same taxon.", "Cultural being and clan emblem in several Pacific Northwest Indigenous legal orders and in Inuit and Māori naming, independent of the Linnaean species.", "Limited directed take and fisheries depredation conflict (longline and catch-robbing) in a few regions; not a global meat commodity.", "Since about 2020, a small Iberian population has repeatedly disabled yacht rudders, which is an interaction with vessels, not a fishery." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "adult male total length", "typical_range": "6-9", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "adult female total length", "typical_range": "5-7.5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "adult male body mass", "typical_range": "3600-6600", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "adult female body mass", "typical_range": "2500-4000", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "newborn length", "typical_range": "2.0-2.5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "adult male dorsal-fin height", "typical_range": "1.0-1.8", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "gestation", "typical_range": "15-18", "unit": "month" }, { "quantity": "female longevity in the wild", "typical_range": "50-80+", "unit": "year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Treating the Linnaean species as the management unit hides endangered ecotypes (Southern Residents) inside a global Data Deficient listing.", "Prey collapse, especially Chinook salmon for Southern Residents, drives nutritional stress and missed pregnancies.", "Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, PBDEs) biomagnify in mammal-eating forms and are linked to reproductive failure and immune suppression.", "Oil spills can delete whole matrilines; the AT1 transients declined sharply after the Exxon Valdez spill.", "Chronic vessel noise and close approaches reduce foraging time in boat-dense habitat.", "Live-capture and long-term captivity produce stereotypy, reduced lifespan relative to wild females, and rare fatal attacks on trainers; these are hazards of the display use, not of the wild taxon.", "Entanglement and, less often, ship strike.", "Depredation on fisheries and, in the Strait of Gibraltar, repeated ramming of yacht rudders create human-orca conflict without implying a general wild threat to people.", "Wild attacks on humans are exceedingly rare; captivity is the setting in which serious human injury has been documented." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English splits 'killer whale' (older, still official in U.S. and Canadian recovery documents) from 'orca' (now the usual public name); both name the same taxon.", "North Pacific three-ecotype practice (resident / Bigg's / offshore) does not map onto Antarctic Types A-D or onto North Atlantic Types 1 and 2.", "Legal status is local: Southern Residents are Endangered in the U.S. and Canada, while the same binomial is Data Deficient globally and unlisted under ESA in most other U.S. waters.", "French épaulard, German Schwertwal, Japanese shachi, Inuktitut aarluk, and various Pacific Northwest Indigenous names are not synonyms of one another in cultural use even when they pick out the same animals.", "Antarctic Type C often shows a yellow diatom film that field workers use as a regional cue, not a taxonomic character." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens)", "difference": "Smaller, uniformly dark, no white eye patch or saddle; the shared 'killer' name is historical, not a field mark." }, { "name": "pilot whales (Globicephala melas / G. macrorhynchus)", "difference": "Bulbous melon, broad-based falcate fin, no white eye patch; often called 'blackfish' with orcas in older fishery English." }, { "name": "pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata)", "difference": "Far smaller (to about 2.6 m), rounded head, no tall triangular male fin or white saddle." }, { "name": "Orcaella (Irrawaddy and snubfin dolphins)", "difference": "Different genus; small, rounded-head coastal/river dolphins whose name only collides in print." }, { "name": "an individual orca, a captive display animal, or orca as meat", "difference": "The registry object is the species taxon: Red List and ESA status attach to populations/ecotypes, not to a single body, a park animal, or a product." }, { "name": "great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)", "difference": "Analogous apex-predator role in some coastal systems; body plan, thermoregulation and taxonomy are unrelated, and orcas prey on white sharks." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Orcinus orca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current taxonomic authority should govern the registry's species boundary, and how should resident and Bigg's classifications map to it without creating duplicate entries?", "What is the verified GBIF taxon identifier and its precise correspondence to the selected taxon concept?", "Does direct inspection of the current IUCN record confirm the reported 2017 global Data Deficient assessment, or has it been superseded?", "Which regional catalogues and studies support defensible population assignments, native range boundaries and demographic baselines outside intensively studied areas?", "Which population-specific condition thresholds and current jurisdictional response protocols are sufficiently validated to support operational decisions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Orcinus orca, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Orcinus orca, assess an identified animal or population using appropriate evidence, and determine which observation or conservation actions require further authority.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Captive killer whales.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Orcinus orca, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Captive killer whales" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Orcinus orca from another, and a Orcinus orca from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Orcinus orca sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Orcinus orca from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Orcinus orca is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Orcinus orca and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Orcinus orca is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Orcinus orca is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Orcinus orca is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Orcinus orca moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Orcinus orca passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Orcinus orca between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Orcinus orca, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Orcinus orca is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Orcinus orca is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Orcinus orca, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Orcinus orca from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Orcinus orca from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Orcinus orca does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Orcinus orca pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Orcinus orca judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Orcinus orca lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Orcinus orca, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Orcinus orca hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Orcinus orca came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Orcinus orca and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Orcinus orca is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Orcinus orca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Orcinus orca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Orcinus orca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }