{ "model": { "rank": 10024, "code": "thing-q270791", "model_id": "vr.tr.state-owned-enterprise", "name": "state-owned enterprise", "purpose": "Let an agent explain state-owned enterprises, their governance and roles, find information on specific enterprises from official sources, and describe policy debates neutrally.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q270791/", "tier": 2, "score": 46, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "public hospital in Italy", "Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale", "Landesbetrieb", "Landesbetrieb für Verkehr", "regional health authority", "combine", "State Commercial Company", "EPE", "Public Interest Organizations", "Area Electricity Board", "republican unitary enterprise", "State-owned enterprise of Taiwan", "Lagos State Neighborhood Safety Agency", "štátny podnik", "Malaysian state-owned enterprise", "Lagos State Waterways Authority", "state-owned enterprise of Belarus", "Kōdan", "Japanese Regional Company", "consumer services centre", "Belgian state-owned company", "unincorporated state enterprise", "národní podnik", "Moroccan state-owned enterprise", "Chinese state-owned enterprise", "state-owned enterprise in Kazakhstan", "state enterprise", "public-law institution", "state-owned enterprise of New Zealand", "Government Corporation and Statutory Agency", "state media company", "state owned enterprise of Indonesia", "Decentralized service", "intercommunale", "mixed public company", "státní podnik", "fully government-owned limited company in Norway", "annet foretak ifølge særskilt lov", "Perusahaan Umum", "health establishments" ], "aliasCount": 70, "merged": 71, "knownIn": 46, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q270791", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270791", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:39:11Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q270791", "registryId": "vr.tr.state-owned-enterprise", "name": "state-owned enterprise", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q270791/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.state-owned-enterprise", "name": "state-owned enterprise", "purpose": "Let an agent explain state-owned enterprises, their governance and roles, find information on specific enterprises from official sources, and describe policy debates neutrally.", "definition": "A business entity owned wholly or mainly by a national, regional or local government, operating commercially or providing public services such as utilities, transport, health care and postal services, including forms such as public corporations, state companies and regional operating enterprises; state-owned enterprises are governed by public ownership rules and corporate governance guidelines.", "what_it_is_for": "Public ownership of commercial and service enterprises.", "affordances": [ "identify whether an enterprise is state-owned", "explain governance and accountability", "find official information and reports", "describe privatisation and policy debates neutrally" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Government ownership", "Public or commercial mandate", "Special governance rules", "Policy-sensitive" ], "appearance": "Not physical; legal entities in registers and public accounts.", "visual_identification": [ "Government ownership or control", "Public service or commercial mandate", "Regulated private companies are not state-owned" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "national state companies", "regional and municipal enterprises", "public utilities and transport operators", "public health care enterprises", "sovereign wealth holdings" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "public enterprise", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "government organization", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "privately held company", "why": "private ownership" }, { "relation": "provides", "target": "health care", "why": "in public health systems" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises", "National public ownership and procurement laws", "State aid and competition rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Political interference", "Opaque accounts", "Partisan framing of privatisation debates" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Ownership and mandate.", "rationale": "Official sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "ownership", "name": "Ownership", "description": "Who owns it.", "findings": [ { "id": "ownership-finding", "name": "Ownership", "description": "Ownership.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which government owns or controls this enterprise, and what is its legal form?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is its mandate?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reports", "name": "Reports", "description": "Accounts and reports.", "findings": [ { "id": "reports-finding", "name": "Reports", "description": "Reports.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are its annual reports and accounts published?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is it audited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "govern", "name": "Govern", "description": "Governance.", "rationale": "Guidelines exist.", "layers": [ { "id": "board", "name": "Board", "description": "Boards and oversight.", "findings": [ { "id": "board-finding", "name": "Board", "description": "Governance.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the enterprise governed, and how does the state exercise ownership?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which OECD guidelines apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability", "description": "Public accountability.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability-finding", "name": "Accountability", "description": "Accountability.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the enterprise accountable to parliament and the public?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can citizens raise concerns?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Public services.", "rationale": "Users and rights.", "layers": [ { "id": "users", "name": "Users", "description": "Service users.", "findings": [ { "id": "users-finding", "name": "Users", "description": "Service users.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which services does the enterprise provide, and what are user rights and complaint routes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which regulator oversees quality?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "procurement", "name": "Procurement", "description": "Doing business with it.", "findings": [ { "id": "procurement-finding", "name": "Procurement", "description": "Procurement.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can suppliers bid for contracts with this enterprise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which procurement rules apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Debates.", "rationale": "Neutral attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "privatisation", "name": "Privatisation", "description": "Ownership debates.", "findings": [ { "id": "privatisation-finding", "name": "Privatisation", "description": "Debates.", "questions": [ { "text": "What positions exist on privatisation or nationalisation of this sector, attributed to their proponents?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What does the evidence say, according to independent studies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "international", "name": "International", "description": "Trade and competition.", "findings": [ { "id": "international-finding", "name": "International", "description": "Trade and competition.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are state-owned enterprises treated in trade and competition law?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which disputes are notable?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each enterprise be a separate entry?", "How should ownership registers be linked?", "How should policy debates be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a state-owned enterprise, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain state-owned enterprises, their governance and roles, find information on specific enterprises from official sources, and describe policy debates neutrally.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: public hospital in Italy, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale, Landesbetrieb, Landesbetrieb für Verkehr, regional health authority, combine, State Commercial Company, EPE, Public Interest Organizations, Area Electricity Board, republican unitary enterprise, State-owned enterprise of Taiwan.", "71 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 46 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a state-owned enterprise, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "public hospital in Italy", "Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale", "Landesbetrieb", "Landesbetrieb für Verkehr", "regional health authority", "combine", "State Commercial Company", "EPE", "Public Interest Organizations", "Area Electricity Board", "republican unitary enterprise", "State-owned enterprise of Taiwan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 46 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 71 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one state-owned enterprise from another, and a state-owned enterprise from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a state-owned enterprise sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a state-owned enterprise from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a state-owned enterprise passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a state-owned enterprise between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a state-owned enterprise, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a state-owned enterprise is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a state-owned enterprise.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a state-owned enterprise and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a state-owned enterprise, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a state-owned enterprise and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a state-owned enterprise sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What state-owned enterprise is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does state-owned enterprise take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of state-owned enterprise, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in state-owned enterprise and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of state-owned enterprise may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does state-owned enterprise have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a state-owned enterprise came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a state-owned enterprise and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a state-owned enterprise is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a state-owned enterprise, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a state-owned enterprise, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a state-owned enterprise is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }