{ "model": { "rank": 4513, "code": "thing-q272754", "model_id": "vr.tr.water-spinach", "name": "water spinach", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify water spinach, assess its growth and harvested condition, and determine evidence-supported actions for cultivation, food use and containment.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q272754/", "tier": 2, "score": 75, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 75, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q272754", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272754", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:24:43Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 17.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d7-057a-7f73-b4b1-ddb10e279bf6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: water spinach\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d7-062e-79e3-8167-80642f1f2ba3\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: water spinach\nRegistry id: vr.tr.water-spinach\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q272754", "registryId": "vr.tr.water-spinach", "name": "water spinach", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q272754/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.water-spinach", "name": "water spinach", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify water spinach, assess its growth and harvested condition, and determine evidence-supported actions for cultivation, food use and containment.", "definition": "Water spinach is Ipomoea aquatica, a semiaquatic herbaceous flowering plant in the morning-glory family Convolvulaceae, cultivated for its edible leaves and tender shoots.", "scope_statement": "This model covers vr.tr.water-spinach in PHY / PHY.OBJ as the plant species Ipomoea aquatica and its identifiable living plants, propagules and freshly harvested leaves and stems; cultivar and growing-system differences remain within this entry.", "in_scope": [ "Botanical identity and distinction from other plants sold as spinach", "Rooted plants, spreading stems, seeds and potentially viable cuttings", "Cultivar or local crop type and aquatic or soil-based growing conditions", "Growth stage, shoot condition and harvest readiness", "Harvested leaf and stem condition and production provenance", "Escape pathways and location-specific constraints on handling" ], "out_of_scope": [ "True spinach and other leafy vegetable species", "Farm, hydroponic installation or irrigation-system design", "Prepared dishes, recipes and processed food products", "Human diseases and their diagnosis or treatment", "Whole-wetland ecological assessment", "Legislation as an independently maintained legal model" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check the combination of hollow trailing stems, rooting nodes and alternate simple leaves rather than accepting a market name as identification. [NParks species profile](https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/1/4/1422)", "When flowers are available, check for axillary funnel-shaped flowers together with vegetative characters; flower absence should leave identification confidence explicit. [NParks species profile](https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/1/4/1422)", "Distinguish it from ordinary spinach by its spreading, hollow-stemmed growth habit; a detached leaf alone provides weaker identification evidence. [UF/IFAS identification guide](https://plant-directory.ifas.ufl.edu/site/assets/files/1183/ipoaqu.pdf)", "For specimens resembling sweet-potato vines, use a botanical key and stem characters rather than leaf outline alone. [FDACS species account](https://www.fdacs.gov/Agriculture-Industry/Pests-and-Diseases/Plant-Pests-and-Diseases/Noxious-Weeds/Ipomoea-aquatica)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Botanical identification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed Ipomoea aquatica | provisional | unresolved | rejected; evidence and assessor", "why_it_matters": "Common vegetable names and variable leaves do not establish species identity." }, { "name": "Cultivar or local crop type", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented cultivar or local designation | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of differences in shoot form and crop performance without creating separate registry things." }, { "name": "Material form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "rooted plant | unrooted cutting | seed | detached leaves | harvested shoot lot", "why_it_matters": "Food handling, cultivation and containment decisions depend on what material is present." }, { "name": "Stem and node condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "hollow stem observed; nodes present; roots present; damaged or decayed tissue; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Combines identification evidence with observations relevant to propagation and handling." }, { "name": "Leaf dimensions and form", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "blade length and width in mm, with shape description and sampled growth stage", "why_it_matters": "Documents variation without treating a single leaf shape as diagnostic." }, { "name": "Growing system", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "moist soil bed | flooded bed | water-based cultivation | unmanaged water margin | other", "why_it_matters": "Changes how root conditions, water exposure and escape routes must be assessed." }, { "name": "Root-zone conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "temperature in °C; pH; water depth in cm where applicable; observation date", "why_it_matters": "Allows observed growth or stress to be related to actual conditions instead of assumed requirements." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "establishing | vegetative | flowering | fruiting | senescent; stages may overlap", "why_it_matters": "Informs harvesting, propagation and reproductive containment." }, { "name": "Harvestable shoot condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "tenderness assessment; wilting; yellowing; lesions; pest damage; decay; assessment method", "why_it_matters": "Separates usable shoot condition from species identity and from food-safety clearance." }, { "name": "Production and harvest provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "source site, grower, water source, treatment records, harvest lot and harvest time", "why_it_matters": "Supports traceability and determines which exposure evidence applies to harvested material." }, { "name": "Escape connectivity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "connections to drains, surface waters, flood routes and plant-waste destinations", "why_it_matters": "Identifies where live material might leave cultivation." }, { "name": "Applicable handling authorization", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "verified permitted | conditional | prohibited | unresolved; jurisdiction, action, source and date", "why_it_matters": "A decision to grow, move or dispose of water spinach needs current local evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect stems, nodes, leaves and available flowers to establish an identification with recorded confidence.", "Select documented seed or cutting material for propagation after checking local authorization.", "Monitor shoot growth and root-zone conditions to investigate stress or adjust cultivation.", "Select and harvest suitable shoots while recording the source plant or crop lot.", "Segregate harvested material according to condition, traceability and unresolved exposure evidence.", "Contain live fragments and select a verified disposal route that addresses escape potential." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "botanical-identity", "name": "Botanical identity", "description": "Establish which botanical entity the water-spinach name denotes and how an observed specimen supports that identification.", "rationale": "Food names and variable leaf shapes can conceal mistaken identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxon-and-local-names", "name": "Taxon and local names", "description": "Connect the registry entry to botanical identity and locally used names.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-to-taxon-evidence", "name": "Name-to-taxon evidence", "description": "Require evidence that a local, supplier or market name refers to Ipomoea aquatica.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which botanical reference supports identification as Ipomoea aquatica?", "kind": "definition", "id": "name-to-taxon-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Who supplied the local name or cultivar designation, and is its botanical meaning documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-to-taxon-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specimen-recognition", "name": "Specimen recognition", "description": "Evaluate stem, node, leaf and reproductive characters together.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-set", "name": "Diagnostic character set", "description": "Record observed characters and missing evidence, particularly for detached market shoots.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are hollow stems, alternate leaves and rooting nodes observable in this material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q01" }, { "text": "Which characters exclude locally plausible lookalikes, and does missing flowering material leave identification unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-and-propagation", "name": "Growth and propagation", "description": "Describe establishment, spreading growth and reproductive material.", "rationale": "A harvested-looking stem and a propagule may require different handling even when they share the same species identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "propagule-status", "name": "Propagule status", "description": "Assess seeds, cuttings and rooted nodes as potential planting material.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-viability", "name": "Material viability", "description": "Separate observed rooting or germination from an assumption of viability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the material contain intact nodes, established roots or seeds, and what evidence demonstrates viability?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-viability-q01" }, { "text": "What source and propagation history are documented for the seed or cutting?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-viability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "shoot-development", "name": "Shoot development", "description": "Track vegetative extension, reproductive development and response to cutting.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-and-regrowth-state", "name": "Growth and regrowth state", "description": "Use observed development to support harvest and propagation decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What shoot extension, branching, flowering or fruiting has occurred since the previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-and-regrowth-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which shoots can be cut under the chosen harvest practice, and what subsequent regrowth must be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "growth-and-regrowth-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivation-and-plant-condition", "name": "Cultivation and plant condition", "description": "Relate growing-system conditions to the state of water-spinach roots and shoots.", "rationale": "Soil-grown and water-grown plants need context-specific observations rather than one assumed aquatic setup.", "layers": [ { "id": "root-zone-environment", "name": "Root-zone environment", "description": "Describe the actual medium, water regime and environmental measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "growing-condition-fit", "name": "Growing-condition fit", "description": "Compare observed conditions with evidence applicable to the cultivar and growing system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the root zone soil, flooded substrate or a water-based system, and what temperature, pH and water regime are measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growing-condition-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally supported growing requirements justify changing water, nutrients or exposure?", "kind": "action", "id": "growing-condition-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-and-shoot-health", "name": "Root and shoot health", "description": "Inspect symptoms affecting establishment and harvestable growth.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-causal-uncertainty", "name": "Symptoms and causal uncertainty", "description": "Keep visible damage separate from unverified diagnoses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are yellowing, wilting, root deterioration, feeding damage or lesions present, and how extensive are they?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptoms-and-causal-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "What additional inspection or testing is needed before selecting a treatment for the affected water spinach?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptoms-and-causal-uncertainty-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-food-use-evidence", "name": "Harvest and food-use evidence", "description": "Connect harvested leaves and stems to quality observations and production evidence.", "rationale": "Tender, correctly identified shoots still need provenance and condition assessment before food-use decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "harvest-quality", "name": "Harvest quality", "description": "Assess the selected plant parts and their postharvest condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "leaf-and-stem-lot-condition", "name": "Leaf and stem lot condition", "description": "Describe tenderness, damage and deterioration for a defined harvest lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves and stem portions meet the intended tenderness and damage criteria?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leaf-and-stem-lot-condition-q01" }, { "text": "When were the shoots harvested, and what storage and handling history accompanies them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "leaf-and-stem-lot-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "production-exposure", "name": "Production exposure", "description": "Identify evidence needed to evaluate water, substrate and treatment exposures.", "findings": [ { "id": "food-use-decision-evidence", "name": "Food-use decision evidence", "description": "Record missing exposure information and relevant test results without inferring safety from appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What records establish the growing-water source, substrate history and crop treatments for this lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "food-use-decision-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which applicable food-use criteria and exposure-specific tests must be satisfied before releasing the lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "food-use-decision-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "escape-and-handling-controls", "name": "Escape and handling controls", "description": "Assess routes for live material to spread and the evidence governing local handling.", "rationale": "Water spinach requires explicit attention to escape potential; UF/IFAS documents its invasive behavior. [UF/IFAS species account](https://plant-directory.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-directory/ipomoea-aquatica/)", "layers": [ { "id": "site-containment", "name": "Site containment", "description": "Connect potentially viable material to drainage, flooding and waste pathways.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagule-escape-pathways", "name": "Propagule escape pathways", "description": "Identify where stems, rooted fragments or seeds could leave the managed growing area.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which drainage outlets, flood connections and waste routes connect the crop to surrounding habitat?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "propagule-escape-pathways-q01" }, { "text": "What containment and disposal measures have evidence of preventing escape of the material present?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagule-escape-pathways-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "jurisdiction-and-movement", "name": "Jurisdiction and movement", "description": "Resolve local conditions for growing, possessing, transporting and disposing of water spinach.", "findings": [ { "id": "action-specific-authorization", "name": "Action-specific authorization", "description": "Link each proposed action to current authoritative requirements and the form of plant material involved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jurisdiction and current official source govern this cultivation, shipment or disposal action?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "action-specific-authorization-q01" }, { "text": "Do the requirements distinguish viable plants, seeds, cuttings and harvested shoots, and what conditions apply to this material?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-specific-authorization-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the plant species and its vegetable use; no separate registry sense was supplied.", "The cultivation forms listed are practical horticultural distinctions, not asserted formal botanical varieties.", "Recall only: cultivar classifications, quantitative growing ranges and jurisdiction-specific restrictions require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Narrow-leaved cultivation forms, often grown in moist soil", "Broad-leaved cultivation forms, often grown in water or flooded beds" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.", "note": "The scientific name identifies the plant species; water spinach, kangkong and ong choy are common names." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Leaves and tender stems cooked as a leafy vegetable", "Shoots used in stir-fries, soups and blanched vegetable dishes", "Cultivated in wet beds, ponds and irrigated soil" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Can spread through rooting stem fragments and form dense growth in suitable waterways.", "Cultivation in polluted water can introduce microbial contamination and accumulated contaminants into edible tissues.", "Harvested shoots wilt and deteriorate rapidly without suitable handling and storage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Known as kangkong or kangkung in much of Southeast Asia.", "Known as ong choy in Cantonese culinary contexts and kōngxīncài in Mandarin.", "Production systems include both aquatic cultivation and cultivation in moist, irrigated soil." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Spinach", "difference": "True spinach is Spinacia oleracea in Amaranthaceae; water spinach belongs to Convolvulaceae." }, { "name": "Sweet potato", "difference": "Sweet potato is Ipomoea batatas, commonly cultivated for storage roots as well as leaves; water spinach is Ipomoea aquatica, cultivated primarily for leafy shoots." }, { "name": "Watercress", "difference": "Watercress is Nasturtium officinale in Brassicaceae, a different aquatic leafy vegetable." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of water spinach this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which cultivar or local crop-type distinctions are reliably documented, and which are only inconsistent trade names?", "Which local lookalikes require additional diagnostic characters when only harvested, nonflowering shoots are available?", "What environmental ranges, cutting practices and harvest-quality thresholds are supported for each relevant cultivar and growing system?", "Which production exposures require testing, and what validated food-use and postharvest criteria apply in the intended market?", "What current regional handling restrictions and validated propagule-containment or disposal methods apply to the intended site and material?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a water spinach, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify water spinach, assess its growth and harvested condition, and determine evidence-supported actions for cultivation, food use and containment.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a water spinach, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one water spinach from another, and a water spinach from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a water spinach sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a water spinach from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a water spinach is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a water spinach and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a water spinach is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a water spinach is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a water spinach is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a water spinach moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a water spinach passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a water spinach between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a water spinach, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a water spinach is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What water spinach is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of water spinach, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate water spinach from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish water spinach from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What water spinach does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does water spinach pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of water spinach judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where water spinach lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of water spinach, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does water spinach hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a water spinach came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a water spinach and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a water spinach is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a water spinach, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a water spinach, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a water spinach is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }