{ "model": { "rank": 6306, "code": "thing-q273285", "model_id": "vr.tr.luge", "name": "luge", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a luge activity, assess a participant's readiness and run state, and identify appropriate next actions within the applicable discipline and track conditions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q273285/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "natural track luge", "artificial track luge" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q273285", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273285", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:46:31Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0099654, "turns": 1, "seconds": 167.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 85, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c1a-cee8-7c52-84ae-abfd21ad9a0f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: luge\nRegistry id: vr.tr.luge\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model s" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q273285", "registryId": "vr.tr.luge", "name": "luge", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q273285/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.luge", "name": "luge", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a luge activity, assess a participant's readiness and run state, and identify appropriate next actions within the applicable discipline and track conditions.", "definition": "Timed ice-channel sliding sport in which one athlete or a two-athlete pair lies supine and feet-first on a purpose-built runnered sled, taking a seated glove-paddle start and steering without mechanical linkage by calf, shoulder and body-weight pressure on the steel runners.", "scope_statement": "This model owns luge as a sporting activity: its discipline, participant-sled relationship, track-specific execution, run progression, performance interpretation and conditions for participation.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the luge discipline and session format", "Participant roles, riding position and control of the sled", "Suitability of the sled and personal equipment for the intended run", "Track configuration, surface conditions and permission to start", "Run progression, completion, timing and incident state", "Decisions to practise, start, continue, withhold or review a run" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Manufacture, inventory and ownership of sleds as physical products", "Engineering, construction and maintenance management of luge facilities", "Medical diagnosis, injury treatment and rehabilitation", "Administration of sporting organisations and full competition programmes", "General athlete conditioning, nutrition and career management", "Skeleton, bobsleigh and recreational sledding as separate activities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "During normal descent, the participant rides feet first in a reclined, face-up position; a prone, head-first descent indicates skeleton instead.", "The activity uses a runner sled controlled through rider inputs rather than a bobsleigh with a enclosing body and dedicated steering mechanism.", "A luge classification requires evidence of the sporting discipline and its operating context; merely sliding downhill on a recreational sled is insufficient.", "A wheeled attraction marketed as 'luge' does not automatically belong to the ice-sport activity model; its surface, vehicle and control method must be identified.", "Artificial-track and natural-track luge require explicit differentiation before transferring assumptions about equipment, starting, control or stopping." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Luge discipline", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Artificial-track luge | natural-track luge | other claimed variant | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which equipment, track and operating requirements must be checked." }, { "name": "Participation format", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Singles | doubles | other declared format | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Establishes sled occupancy and whether coordinated participant actions must be assessed." }, { "name": "Session purpose", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Instruction | practice | qualification | competition | demonstration", "why_it_matters": "Changes the permitted objectives, supervision and interpretation of run outcomes." }, { "name": "Participant-sled assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named participant or pair linked to a specific sled and riding roles", "why_it_matters": "Connects equipment suitability and observed control to the actual people making the run." }, { "name": "Track and start assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified track, route, start position and finish or stopping area", "why_it_matters": "Defines the descent being attempted and the context needed to compare results." }, { "name": "Track release state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not checked | held | released for the assigned run | release withdrawn", "why_it_matters": "Separates a physically prepared participant from one who is permitted to enter the track." }, { "name": "Participant readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not assessed | ready under stated conditions | restricted | withheld", "why_it_matters": "Supports a participation decision without treating experience or willingness as sufficient evidence." }, { "name": "Sled and equipment acceptance", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unchecked | accepted for this session | adjustment required | rejected", "why_it_matters": "Prevents equipment acceptance in one context from being assumed valid in another." }, { "name": "Run phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Preparing | awaiting release | starting | descending | finishing | stopped | interrupted", "why_it_matters": "Makes the next permissible action depend on where the participant is in the run." }, { "name": "Elapsed and split times", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Seconds, linked to identified timing points and timing source", "why_it_matters": "Supports performance analysis while preserving what portion of the descent was measured." }, { "name": "Observed speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/s or km/h, with measurement location and method", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a local observation from an unsupported claim about the entire run." }, { "name": "Run disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pending | completed | not started | not finished | invalidated, with applicable official status", "why_it_matters": "Separates physical completion, timing availability and sporting validity." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an observed or proposed activity as luge and identify its discipline.", "Check whether a participant-sled combination meets the recorded conditions for the assigned track and start.", "Identify missing readiness evidence and refer unresolved start decisions to the responsible instructor or official.", "Track a run from preparation through stopping, preserving interruptions and incidents.", "Compare runs with compatible course, timing and condition context.", "Propose a supervised practice focus or equipment inspection based on recorded run evidence." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "fil-iro", "title": "International Luge Regulations (IRO). Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL).", "url": "https://www.fil-luge.org/", "what_it_supports": "Sport definition, event kinds, sled mass and equipment limits, track homologation, and the split between artificial-track and natural-track racing.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ioc-luge", "title": "Luge. International Olympic Committee / Olympics.com.", "url": "https://www.olympics.com/en/sports/luge", "what_it_supports": "Olympic programme events, competitive format (multi-run timed racing), and luge as distinct from bobsleigh and skeleton.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "britannica-luge", "title": "Luge. Encyclopaedia Britannica.", "url": "https://www.britannica.com/sports/luge", "what_it_supports": "Body position, steering method, historical Olympic status from 1964, and contrast with recreational sledding.", "url_status": "blocked" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "luge-identity-and-format", "name": "Luge identity and format", "description": "Establishes which luge activity is being modelled and which operating context gives its actions meaning.", "rationale": "The name alone does not distinguish ice luge disciplines, neighbouring sliding sports or wheeled activities using the same label.", "layers": [ { "id": "discipline-boundary", "name": "Discipline boundary", "description": "Recognises the activity through the descent posture, sled, surface and declared discipline.", "findings": [ { "id": "luge-recognition", "name": "Luge recognition", "description": "Record the evidence that this is a feet-first, face-up runner-sled sporting descent and identify any conflicting classification evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What riding position, sled type and sliding surface identify this activity as luge?", "kind": "definition", "id": "luge-recognition-q01" }, { "text": "Does this instance belong to artificial-track luge, natural-track luge or a variant whose inclusion remains unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "luge-recognition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "participation-and-rules", "name": "Participation and rules", "description": "Identifies the format and the session-specific authority for interpreting participation and results.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-luge-context", "name": "Declared luge context", "description": "Record the singles or doubles format, session purpose and applicable rules or instructional requirements without importing requirements from another discipline.", "questions": [ { "text": "What participant format and session purpose apply to this run?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-luge-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which organiser, instructor or rule document establishes the requirements, and which version or session instruction applies?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-luge-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rider-sled-control", "name": "Rider-sled control", "description": "Captures how the assigned participant or pair fits, operates and coordinates with the sled.", "rationale": "Luge control depends on the relationship between rider and sled; a sled specification or athlete profile alone cannot establish that relationship.", "layers": [ { "id": "sled-fit-and-equipment", "name": "Sled fit and equipment", "description": "Relates sled setup and personal equipment to the actual rider, discipline and session.", "findings": [ { "id": "assigned-equipment-suitability", "name": "Assigned equipment suitability", "description": "Record whether the assigned sled, runner condition, riding fit and protective equipment have been assessed for this use, including unresolved defects or adjustments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sled and personal equipment are assigned, and what checks establish their suitability for this participant and discipline?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assigned-equipment-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What defect, fit problem or unverified adjustment requires inspection or correction before another run?", "kind": "action", "id": "assigned-equipment-suitability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "posture-and-coordination", "name": "Posture and coordination", "description": "Records the rider's control of the luge position and, for doubles, the pair's coordinated execution.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-sled-control", "name": "Demonstrated sled control", "description": "Capture observed posture, control responses and coordination at identified parts of the descent, distinguishing observation from inferred technical causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where did observation show stable positioning, effective control or loss of control, and what evidence supports that assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demonstrated-sled-control-q01" }, { "text": "For doubles, what rider roles and coordination requirements have been established for the start and descent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "demonstrated-sled-control-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "track-and-start-readiness", "name": "Track and start readiness", "description": "Binds a proposed run to a particular descent and to the conditions under which entry is allowed.", "rationale": "A luge run is only interpretable and actionable in relation to its assigned start, track conditions and release procedure.", "layers": [ { "id": "assigned-descent", "name": "Assigned descent", "description": "Identifies the route, start point and stopping arrangements relevant to this participant.", "findings": [ { "id": "course-specific-demands", "name": "Course-specific demands", "description": "Record the assigned start, relevant track sections, surface observations and finish or stopping area that determine the demands of the run.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which start position, track sections and stopping area make up the assigned descent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "course-specific-demands-q01" }, { "text": "What current observations of the ice or track surface affect the proposed run, and when were they recorded?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "course-specific-demands-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "release-to-start", "name": "Release to start", "description": "Separates readiness assessment from permission to enter an active track.", "findings": [ { "id": "start-conditions-satisfied", "name": "Start conditions satisfied", "description": "Record participant clearance, equipment acceptance and track release as distinct conditions, with the responsible decision-makers and any restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who has confirmed participant readiness and track release for this start, and what conditions limit that confirmation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "start-conditions-satisfied-q01" }, { "text": "Which missing check, changed condition or withdrawn release requires the start to be held?", "kind": "action", "id": "start-conditions-satisfied-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "run-execution-and-outcome", "name": "Run execution and outcome", "description": "Represents the luge attempt as a progression with an observable finish and a separately determined result.", "rationale": "A recorded time does not establish how a run unfolded, whether the rider stopped safely or whether the attempt counts under the applicable rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "descent-progression", "name": "Descent progression", "description": "Follows the attempt from start preparation through the descent and stopping area.", "findings": [ { "id": "run-phase-and-events", "name": "Run phase and events", "description": "Record the current phase and significant events such as start difficulty, line deviation, track contact, separation from the sled or interruption, when observed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What phase has the run reached, and which observation establishes that state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "run-phase-and-events-q01" }, { "text": "Which events changed the intended descent, and at what track location or run time did they occur?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "run-phase-and-events-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "finish-and-validity", "name": "Finish and validity", "description": "Distinguishes crossing the finish, reaching a stopped state and receiving an accepted sporting result.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-run-disposition", "name": "Resolved run disposition", "description": "Preserve completion evidence, stopping status, available timing and any official disposition without treating these as interchangeable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Did the participant complete the assigned course and reach the designated stopping area, and what remains unconfirmed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-run-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "What result status was assigned, by whom, and under which applicable rule or session procedure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolved-run-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "run-review-and-next-attempt", "name": "Run review and next attempt", "description": "Uses luge-specific evidence to interpret performance and establish what must happen before a further descent.", "rationale": "Useful review must distinguish timing changes from technical explanations and make repeat-run decisions sensitive to incidents and changed conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparable-performance", "name": "Comparable performance", "description": "Interprets elapsed time, splits and observed execution within compatible run contexts.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-performance-comparison", "name": "Supported performance comparison", "description": "Record comparable timing points and relevant differences in start position, track conditions, sled setup and participant configuration before attributing improvement or decline.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which elapsed times, split times or local speeds were measured, and what instruments and timing points produced them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-performance-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "Do the compared runs share enough course, start, participant and condition context to support the proposed conclusion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-performance-comparison-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repeat-run-decision", "name": "Repeat-run decision", "description": "Connects observed difficulties and incidents to inspection, supervised practice or renewed clearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "next-attempt-conditions", "name": "Next-attempt conditions", "description": "Record the evidence-based practice objective or required review before another run, including unresolved participant, equipment or track concerns.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observed part of the start, line, posture or doubles coordination should the next supervised attempt address?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-attempt-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Does an incident or changed condition require equipment inspection, participant assessment or renewed track release before another start?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-attempt-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Artificial-track (Kunstbahn) singles", "Artificial-track doubles (men's and women's)", "Team relay", "Sprint (shortened one-run World Cup format)", "Natural-track (Naturbahn) singles", "Natural-track doubles", "Junior and youth racing classes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q273285", "note": "Item for luge as a sport" }, { "scheme": "IOC sport code", "value_or_pattern": "LUG", "note": "Olympic programme code" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "International Luge Regulations (IRO), including sled construction, mass, clothing, runner and ballast rules - Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL)", "Homologation of artificial and natural racing tracks - FIL", "Olympic programme and qualification rules for luge - International Olympic Committee", "World Anti-Doping Code as applied to FIL athletes - World Anti-Doping Agency" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Olympic and FIL World Championship racing on refrigerated artificial tracks (four-run singles, two-run doubles, team relay)", "Season-long FIL World Cup circuit at dedicated sliding centres such as Königssee, Lake Placid, Whistler, Sigulda and Yanqing", "Natural-track races on prepared mountain paths, mainly in the Alps and Central Europe", "National-team training camps on homologated ice channels", "Public or tourist ice-track rides; some ski resorts also brand rail-guided alpine coasters as 'luge', which are not FIL racing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Peak speed on artificial tracks", "typical_range": "120-150", "unit": "km/h" }, { "quantity": "Homologated artificial-track length", "typical_range": "1000-1700", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Single competitive run time", "typical_range": "45-60", "unit": "s" }, { "quantity": "Singles sled mass (FIL maximum)", "typical_range": "≤23", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Doubles sled mass (FIL maximum)", "typical_range": "≤27", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Peak cornering load", "typical_range": "4-5", "unit": "g" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Loss of the racing line in a curve and impact with the ice wall", "Partial or full ejection from the sled at high speed, including fatal crashes (notably Whistler, 2010)", "Head, cervical-spine, shoulder and impact trauma", "Ice-surface gouging or frost holes that endanger later sleds", "Disqualification for illegal runner temperature or ballast/weight", "Missed start handles or a failed paddle producing a non-competitive or unstable start" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "German distinguishes everyday Rodeln (recreational sledding) from Rennrodeln (racing luge)", "Natural-track racing is institutionally strong in Austria, Italy, Germany and Poland and is not an Olympic sport", "In North America 'luge' almost always means the Olympic artificial-track sport; recreational sliding is usually called tobogganing", "In French, luge is also the ordinary word for a sled, not only the racing discipline", "Women's doubles is a recently separated international class and enters the Olympic programme in 2026" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Skeleton", "difference": "Skeleton is ridden prone and head-first on a heavier sled with a different start; luge is supine and feet-first." }, { "name": "Bobsleigh", "difference": "Bobsleigh uses a cowled sled with a seated crew of two or four launched by a running push, not a supine luge sled." }, { "name": "Toboggan", "difference": "A recreational sled, typically without FIL-spec steel runners or calf-and-shoulder steering on a homologated ice channel." }, { "name": "Cresta Run", "difference": "A unique St Moritz head-first ice skeleton course and riding style, not Olympic or FIL luge." }, { "name": "Street luge", "difference": "A wheeled board ridden on pavement; it shares the supine feet-first posture but is not an ice-track sport." }, { "name": "Alpine coaster (mountain coaster)", "difference": "A rail-guided tourist cart often marketed as 'luge', mechanically constrained to a track rather than steered on ice runners." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of luge this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend luge to include both artificial-track and natural-track disciplines, and where should wheeled activities marketed as luge be placed?", "Which governing rules and local operating procedures should supply authoritative equipment, participation and run-validity requirements for each supported discipline?", "What discipline-specific evidence establishes adequate sled fit, control competence and suitability for a particular start position?", "Which starting, steering and stopping mechanisms need separate treatment across the supported luge disciplines?", "What minimum timing, surface-condition and observation evidence is required before the model may attribute a performance change to rider technique or sled setup?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a luge, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a luge activity, assess a participant's readiness and run state, and identify appropriate next actions within the applicable discipline and track conditions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: natural track luge, artificial track luge.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a luge, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "natural track luge", "artificial track luge" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one luge from another, and a luge from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a luge sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a luge from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a luge passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a luge between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a luge, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a luge is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a luge proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a luge, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a luge and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a luge consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a luge takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What luge is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of luge are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is luge operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of luge and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of luge?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as luge?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a luge came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a luge and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a luge is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a luge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a luge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a luge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }