{ "model": { "rank": 7810, "code": "thing-q273510", "model_id": "vr.tr.candidiasis", "name": "candidiasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain candidiasis and its forms in general terms, relay causes, risk factors and treatment principles from clinical sources, identify when infection is serious, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q273510/", "tier": 2, "score": 53, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "candidal enteritis", "Systemic candidiasis", "vulvovaginal candidiasis", "candidal endocarditis", "cutaneous candidiasis", "candidiasis in birds", "neonatal candidiasis", "candidal gastritis", "candidal meningitis", "candidal otitis externa", "candidal paronychia", "oral candidiasis", "chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis", "antibiotic candidiasis", "Candidal onychomycosis", "esophageal candidiasis", "candida glabrata candidiasis", "AIDS-related vulvovaginal candidiasis", "AIDS-related oropharyngeal candidiasis", "Congenital cutaneous candidiasis", "Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 21, "knownIn": 53, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q273510", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273510", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T23:55:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q273510", "registryId": "vr.tr.candidiasis", "name": "candidiasis", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q273510/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.candidiasis", "name": "candidiasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain candidiasis and its forms in general terms, relay causes, risk factors and treatment principles from clinical sources, identify when infection is serious, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.", "definition": "A fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, most often Candida albicans, ranging from common superficial infections of the mouth, skin and vulvovaginal area to invasive systemic candidiasis of the blood, heart and organs in immunocompromised or hospitalised patients; candidiasis is an opportunistic mycosis, is treated with antifungal medicines, and also occurs in animals such as birds.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.", "affordances": [ "explain forms and causes", "relay treatment principles", "identify serious forms", "route personal symptoms to clinicians" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Opportunistic yeast", "Superficial to invasive spectrum", "Antifungal treatment", "Emerging resistant species" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; superficial forms show white patches or red rashes; invasive forms cause fever and organ signs.", "visual_identification": [ "Candida yeast infection", "Superficial and invasive forms", "Bacterial vaginosis and other rashes are distinguished by testing" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "vulvovaginal candidiasis lifetime prevalence", "typical_range": "about 75", "unit": "percent", "note": "of women, estimates" }, { "quantity": "invasive candidiasis mortality", "typical_range": "about 30-40", "unit": "percent", "note": "estimates in hospital settings" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "oral candidiasis or thrush", "vulvovaginal candidiasis", "cutaneous candidiasis", "oesophageal and enteric candidiasis", "invasive and systemic candidiasis including candidaemia and endocarditis", "candidiasis in animals such as birds", "infections by resistant species such as Candida auris" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "opportunistic mycosis", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Candida", "why": "the yeast genus" }, { "relation": "is treated by", "target": "antifungal drug", "why": "the main treatment" }, { "relation": "is associated with", "target": "immunodeficiency", "why": "in invasive forms" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "B37", "note": "candidiasis" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "1F23", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines from infectious disease societies", "Antifungal stewardship guidance", "Infection control rules for resistant Candida in healthcare" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missed invasive infection", "Antifungal resistance", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Unproven claims about systemic candida" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What candidiasis is.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is candidiasis, and what forms exist from superficial to invasive?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing their own symptoms, which need a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and risk factors.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes candidiasis, and who is at risk of invasive disease?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical", "name": "Clinical", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is candidiasis diagnosed, and how are superficial and invasive forms distinguished?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation free of personal medical advice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatment principles apply, in general terms, per guidelines?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "public", "name": "Public health", "description": "Resistance and control.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "resistance", "name": "Resistance", "description": "Resistant species.", "findings": [ { "id": "resistance-finding", "name": "Resistance", "description": "Resistance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do health agencies report about Candida auris and antifungal resistance?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Candida auris?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Infection control.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-finding", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is candidiasis prevented in healthcare settings?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Misinformation and animals.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "claims", "name": "Claims", "description": "Unproven claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "claims-finding", "name": "Claims", "description": "Claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do health bodies say about unproven claims of chronic systemic candida and cleanses?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "animals", "name": "Animals", "description": "Candidiasis in animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "animals-finding", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does candidiasis affect birds and other animals, per veterinary sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits veterinary mycology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should invasive candidiasis and thrush be separate primary entries?", "How should guidelines be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming forms and animal infections; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a candidiasis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain candidiasis and its forms in general terms, relay causes, risk factors and treatment principles from clinical sources, identify when infection is serious, and route personal symptoms to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: candidal enteritis, Systemic candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, candidal endocarditis, cutaneous candidiasis, candidiasis in birds, neonatal candidiasis, candidal gastritis, candidal meningitis, candidal otitis externa, candidal paronychia, oral candidiasis.", "21 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 53 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a candidiasis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "candidal enteritis", "Systemic candidiasis", "vulvovaginal candidiasis", "candidal endocarditis", "cutaneous candidiasis", "candidiasis in birds", "neonatal candidiasis", "candidal gastritis", "candidal meningitis", "candidal otitis externa", "candidal paronychia", "oral candidiasis" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 53 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 21 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one candidiasis from another, and a candidiasis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a candidiasis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a candidiasis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a candidiasis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a candidiasis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a candidiasis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a candidiasis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What candidiasis is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of candidiasis are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is candidiasis operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of candidiasis and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of candidiasis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as candidiasis?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a candidiasis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a candidiasis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a candidiasis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a candidiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a candidiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a candidiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }