{ "model": { "rank": 1734, "code": "thing-q27939", "model_id": "vr.tr.singing", "name": "singing", "purpose": "Let an agent handle singing by style, technique, voice health, learning and performance, describing sacred and cultural traditions respectfully.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q27939/", "tier": 2, "score": 130, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Sprechgesang", "cantillation", "Quranic cantillation", "chant", "throat singing", "undertone singing", "katta ashula", "fijiri", "overtone singing", "Kengë malsorqe", "fanchant", "Rape chant", "oli", "auction chant", "Central Asian throat singing", "Buddhist chant", "Inuit throat singing", "rekuhkara", "kai", "naad", "nadjam", "Visoko", "kan ha diskan", "melisma", "vocal performance", "Canto ferno", "voice type", "Wailande", "Traunkirchner Mordsgschicht – Carnival Singing in Traunkirchen", "shape note singing", "Singing the Songs of the German Labour Movement", "Singing of the Steigerlied", "choir singing", "Crooning", "Knot singing", "Borrohite", "Timawine", "Heavy metal singing", "sign singing", "parlando" ], "aliasCount": 77, "merged": 77, "knownIn": 130, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q27939", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27939", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T11:01:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q27939", "registryId": "vr.tr.singing", "name": "singing", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q27939/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.singing", "name": "singing", "purpose": "Let an agent handle singing by style, technique, voice health, learning and performance, describing sacred and cultural traditions respectfully.", "definition": "The act of producing musical sounds with the voice, in styles from classical and popular singing to chant, cantillation, throat singing and Sprechgesang, performed solo or in groups.", "what_it_is_for": "Music, worship, community and self-expression.", "affordances": [ "identify singing styles and voice types", "find lessons and choirs", "look after vocal health", "learn about cultural singing traditions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Musical use of the voice", "Many styles", "Trainable skill", "Cultural and religious roles" ], "appearance": "People singing solo, in choirs, on stage or in worship.", "visual_identification": [ "Voice types such as soprano or bass", "Styles and techniques", "Speech and humming are related vocal acts" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "classical singing", "popular singing", "choral singing", "chant and cantillation", "overtone and throat singing" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "musical performance", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "human voice", "why": "instrument" }, { "relation": "is performed by", "target": "singer and choir", "why": "performers" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "song", "why": "work" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Performing rights", "Safeguarding for children in choirs" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Vocal strain and injury", "Misrepresenting sacred traditions" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "style", "name": "Style", "description": "Which singing.", "rationale": "Styles differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "kind", "name": "Kind", "description": "Style.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-finding", "name": "Kind", "description": "Singing style.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which singing style or tradition is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Where does it come from, according to sources?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "voice", "name": "Voice", "description": "Voice type.", "findings": [ { "id": "voice-finding", "name": "Voice", "description": "Voice type.", "questions": [ { "text": "What voice type or range is involved?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How is it classified?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learning", "name": "Learning", "description": "Lessons and groups.", "rationale": "Anyone can learn.", "layers": [ { "id": "lessons", "name": "Lessons", "description": "Teachers.", "findings": [ { "id": "lessons-finding", "name": "Lessons", "description": "Lessons.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone find a qualified singing teacher?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What should a first lesson cover?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "choirs", "name": "Choirs", "description": "Community singing.", "findings": [ { "id": "choirs-finding", "name": "Choirs", "description": "Choirs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which choirs or singing groups are nearby?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do they require auditions?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "health", "name": "Health", "description": "Vocal health.", "rationale": "Voices need care.", "layers": [ { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Prevention.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-finding", "name": "Care", "description": "Vocal care.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can singers protect their voice, according to voice specialists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What habits cause strain?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "problems", "name": "Problems", "description": "Hoarseness.", "findings": [ { "id": "problems-finding", "name": "Problems", "description": "Voice problems.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has hoarseness lasted weeks or is there pain when singing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should a doctor or voice clinic be consulted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Traditions.", "rationale": "Traditions deserve respect.", "layers": [ { "id": "sacred", "name": "Sacred", "description": "Worship singing.", "findings": [ { "id": "sacred-finding", "name": "Sacred", "description": "Sacred singing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What role does singing play in this religious tradition, according to its practitioners?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it described respectfully?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "heritage", "name": "Heritage", "description": "Intangible heritage.", "findings": [ { "id": "heritage-finding", "name": "Heritage", "description": "Intangible heritage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this singing tradition recognised as intangible cultural heritage?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which community keeps it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should singing styles be separate entries?", "How should voice types be linked?", "How should sacred traditions be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a singing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle singing by style, technique, voice health, learning and performance, describing sacred and cultural traditions respectfully.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Sprechgesang, cantillation, Quranic cantillation, chant, throat singing, undertone singing, katta ashula, fijiri, overtone singing, Kengë malsorqe, fanchant, Rape chant.", "77 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 130 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a singing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Sprechgesang", "cantillation", "Quranic cantillation", "chant", "throat singing", "undertone singing", "katta ashula", "fijiri", "overtone singing", "Kengë malsorqe", "fanchant", "Rape chant" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 130 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 77 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one singing from another, and a singing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a singing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a singing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a singing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a singing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a singing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a singing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a singing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a singing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a singing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a singing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a singing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What singing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of singing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is singing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of singing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of singing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as singing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a singing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a singing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a singing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a singing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a singing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a singing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }