{ "model": { "rank": 4251, "code": "thing-q279532", "model_id": "vr.tr.penalty-kick", "name": "penalty kick", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an association-football penalty kick, assess its procedural state under the applicable rules, and identify permitted next actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q279532/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Panenka" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q279532", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279532", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:48:30Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b6-086d-70e1-9d31-512730277520\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: penalty kick\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.STA\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b6-086a-7253-8257-2433427d5246\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: penalty kick\nRegistry id: vr.tr.penalty-kick\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.STA\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q279532", "registryId": "vr.tr.penalty-kick", "name": "penalty kick", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q279532/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.penalty-kick", "name": "penalty kick", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an association-football penalty kick, assess its procedural state under the applicable rules, and identify permitted next actions.", "definition": "In association football, a penalty kick is a restart awarded when a player commits a direct-free-kick offence inside their own penalty area while the ball is in play, taken from the penalty mark against the defending goalkeeper under prescribed positioning and execution rules.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the penalty kick as a regulated football procedure, from its award or allocation through preparation, execution and resolution; it records whether the kick occurs during play or in a penalty shoot-out without owning the wider match or shoot-out.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the sport, competition, governing rules and procedural context", "Basis and status of the award or shoot-out allocation", "Kicker, goalkeeper, ball and participant-position requirements", "Authorisation, execution and relevant infringements", "Kick outcome, official decision and subsequent procedural state" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The complete match and its general restart system", "Shoot-out sequencing, eligibility management and overall winner determination", "General foul classification and disciplinary proceedings beyond their effect on this kick", "Player technique, training programmes and psychological assessment", "Penalty procedures in other sports" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The procedure must be identified as an association-football penalty kick under a named ruleset; a kick merely taken near the penalty mark does not qualify.", "An official award or shoot-out allocation distinguishes the regulated procedure from an ordinary shot or practice attempt.", "Its prescribed starting location and participant constraints distinguish it from a direct free kick.", "A kick during play and a kick in a shoot-out must be distinguished because their resolution and continuation rules may differ.", "The observed ball result and the official disposition are separately recorded: seeing the ball enter the goal does not by itself settle the kick." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Governing rules", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Sport variant, governing authority, rules edition and competition modifications", "why_it_matters": "Requirements and decisions must be evaluated against the rules applicable to this event." }, { "name": "Procedural context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "During play; shoot-out; context unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which completion and continuation conditions need to be checked." }, { "name": "Award or allocation basis", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked incident and official award, or linked shoot-out allocation", "why_it_matters": "Explains why this kick exists and prevents confusion with an informal attempt." }, { "name": "Procedure phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Awarded or allocated; preparing; authorised; taken; awaiting decision; resolved; cancelled", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which checks and actions are relevant now." }, { "name": "Designated participants", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified kicker, defending goalkeeper and relevant officials", "why_it_matters": "Participant identity affects authorisation, compliance and attribution." }, { "name": "Setup observations", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Ball and player positions relative to required pitch references, in metres where available, with observation time and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of positioning requirements at the relevant instant." }, { "name": "Execution event sequence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Ordered authorisation, kick, player touches, ball contacts and stoppages with timestamps where available", "why_it_matters": "The order of events may determine validity, completion and the next action." }, { "name": "Compliance assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not assessed; no infringement established; suspected infringement; confirmed infringement; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates missing evidence from an affirmative finding of compliance." }, { "name": "Observed ball result", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Entered goal; goalkeeper contact; goal-frame contact; out of play; still moving or playable; interrupted; unknown; multiple events may apply", "why_it_matters": "Preserves physical observations independently of the official ruling." }, { "name": "Official disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pending; goal awarded; no goal; retake ordered; other restart ordered; decision revised", "why_it_matters": "Controls the recorded result and permitted procedural continuation." } ], "affordances": [ "Check whether an observed event belongs to this penalty-kick procedure and identify its context.", "Identify missing setup evidence before assessing readiness.", "Compare observed positioning and execution with the applicable rules.", "Build a reviewable event sequence for suspected infringements.", "Separate provisional observations from the official decision.", "Determine whether the procedure is complete or requires a decision, retake or continuation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "penalty-context-and-basis", "name": "Penalty context and basis", "description": "Establishes which penalty-kick procedure is being modelled and why it was initiated.", "rationale": "A penalty during play and a shoot-out kick share features but cannot be assessed as interchangeable procedures.", "layers": [ { "id": "governing-context", "name": "Governing context", "description": "Identifies the football variant, applicable rules and context of the kick.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-penalty-procedure", "name": "Applicable penalty procedure", "description": "Record the rules edition and whether this is a penalty during play or an individual shoot-out kick.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which governing rules, edition and competition modifications apply to this kick?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-penalty-procedure-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a penalty during play or a shoot-out kick, and what evidence establishes that context?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-penalty-procedure-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "award-or-allocation", "name": "Award or allocation", "description": "Connects the procedure to its initiating official decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "initiating-decision", "name": "Initiating decision", "description": "Record the award or allocation and any review that changes its status without reconstructing the entire underlying incident.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which official decision awarded or allocated this kick, and where is that decision recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "initiating-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Is the decision operative, under review, revised or cancelled?", "kind": "action", "id": "initiating-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "penalty-setup-and-readiness", "name": "Penalty setup and readiness", "description": "Captures the participants and physical arrangement required before execution.", "rationale": "Penalty readiness depends on specific ball, kicker, goalkeeper and other-player constraints.", "layers": [ { "id": "kicker-ball-and-mark", "name": "Kicker, ball and mark", "description": "Records the designated kicker and the ball's setup relative to the prescribed starting location.", "findings": [ { "id": "kick-start-configuration", "name": "Kick start configuration", "description": "Assess kicker identification and ball placement using the applicable requirements and available observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is the designated kicker, and has that identity been established for this attempt?", "kind": "definition", "id": "kick-start-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes the ball's placement and stationary state at the required pre-kick instant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "kick-start-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "goalkeeper-and-other-players", "name": "Goalkeeper and other players", "description": "Records participant positions at the instants relevant to the kick.", "findings": [ { "id": "participant-position-compliance", "name": "Participant position compliance", "description": "Evaluate the goalkeeper and other players against their respective positioning requirements without assuming that all position breaches have the same consequence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where was the goalkeeper relative to the goal line at the instant specified by the applicable rules?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "participant-position-compliance-q01" }, { "text": "Which other players were subject to positioning restrictions, and what evidence supports their compliance or breach?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "participant-position-compliance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "penalty-authorisation-and-execution", "name": "Penalty authorisation and execution", "description": "Tracks permission to take the kick and the observable sequence that follows.", "rationale": "The kick is a timed procedure whose validity can depend on authorisation, movement and successive contacts.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorisation-and-approach", "name": "Authorisation and approach", "description": "Separates preparation and approach from the authorised act of taking the kick.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-kick-initiation", "name": "Authorised kick initiation", "description": "Record the official signal, approach and any interruption relevant to whether execution could proceed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What official signal authorised execution, and did the kick follow it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorised-kick-initiation-q01" }, { "text": "Did any interruption or official instruction suspend authorisation before the ball was kicked?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorised-kick-initiation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ball-movement-and-contacts", "name": "Ball movement and contacts", "description": "Captures the kick and subsequent contacts needed to assess execution and continuation.", "findings": [ { "id": "execution-contact-sequence", "name": "Execution contact sequence", "description": "Record initial ball movement and later touches, distinguishing observed contact from inferred contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the ball move when kicked, and does that movement meet the applicable execution requirements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "execution-contact-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Which player and goal-frame contacts followed, in what order, and with what evidential uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "execution-contact-sequence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "penalty-infringements-and-decisions", "name": "Penalty infringements and decisions", "description": "Relates suspected procedural breaches to evidence and an applicable official ruling.", "rationale": "Penalty infringement consequences can depend on the actor, timing, interaction with other breaches and kick outcome.", "layers": [ { "id": "breach-identification", "name": "Breach identification", "description": "Describes potential breaches precisely enough to select the relevant rule.", "findings": [ { "id": "penalty-breach-evidence", "name": "Penalty breach evidence", "description": "Record the actor, conduct and timing of suspected encroachment, goalkeeper movement, prohibited feinting, additional kicker contact or other interference.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specific conduct may constitute a breach, by whom, and at which point in the procedure?", "kind": "definition", "id": "penalty-breach-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations support the allegation, and which elements remain uncertain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "penalty-breach-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence-selection", "name": "Consequence selection", "description": "Determines how the applicable rules resolve the established circumstances.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-dependent-ruling", "name": "Context-dependent ruling", "description": "Link any decision to the relevant provision, accounting for interacting breaches and outcome-dependent conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the kick outcome, any required impact condition and simultaneous breaches affect the applicable ruling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "context-dependent-ruling-q01" }, { "text": "What decision did the authorised official make, and which rule supports the resulting next action?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-dependent-ruling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "penalty-result-and-continuation", "name": "Penalty result and continuation", "description": "Separates physical result, official disposition and the point at which this procedure ends.", "rationale": "A save, rebound or apparent goal does not alone establish the procedure's final state.", "layers": [ { "id": "observed-and-awarded-result", "name": "Observed and awarded result", "description": "Preserves what happened to the ball alongside what was officially decided.", "findings": [ { "id": "result-reconciliation", "name": "Result reconciliation", "description": "Record the ball result separately from the awarded outcome and retain any decision revision.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened to the ball, and what evidence establishes an apparent goal, save, miss or unresolved sequence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "result-reconciliation-q01" }, { "text": "Was that observed result accepted, disallowed or superseded by a later official decision?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "result-reconciliation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "completion-and-next-procedure", "name": "Completion and next procedure", "description": "Identifies the completion condition and hands subsequent activity to the appropriate neighbouring model.", "findings": [ { "id": "penalty-procedure-closure", "name": "Penalty procedure closure", "description": "Determine whether this kick is resolved and link a retake or subsequent play without conflating separate attempts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which completion condition applies in this context, including any period extended specifically to complete the penalty?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "penalty-procedure-closure-q01" }, { "text": "Does the decision require continuing play, a restart, a retake or return to shoot-out management, and how is that successor linked?", "kind": "action", "id": "penalty-procedure-closure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; this description assumes association football.", "Penalty shoot-out kicks are often called penalties in ordinary usage but have a distinct legal role.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; check the applicable IFAB edition for detailed infringement, goalkeeper-positioning and accidental-double-touch provisions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Penalty kick during normal playing time", "Penalty kick during extra time", "Penalty kick taken with a period extended to complete it" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Football Association Board (IFAB), Laws of the Game, Law 14: The Penalty Kick", "IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct", "IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 1: The Field of Play", "IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 10: Determining the Outcome of a Match, governs the distinct penalty shoot-out procedure" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Restarts play after qualifying offences by the defending team inside its penalty area", "Provides a direct opportunity to score against the goalkeeper", "Supports analysis of kicking accuracy, goalkeeper anticipation and performance under pressure" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Distance from the penalty mark to the midpoint between the goalposts", "typical_range": "11", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Minimum distance of players other than the kicker and defending goalkeeper from the penalty mark before the kick", "typical_range": "At least 9.15", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The kicker misses the goal or the goalkeeper saves the shot", "Player encroachment or goalkeeper positioning infringements can affect whether the kick stands or must be retaken", "Illegal feinting after completion of the run-up can lead to disciplinary action and loss of the scoring opportunity", "An impermissible second touch by the kicker before another player touches the ball can invalidate subsequent play", "Collisions can occur when players contest a rebound" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Association football uses a common IFAB framework internationally; modified formats should be checked against their applicable rules", "Futsal has a separate FIFA rules framework and uses a penalty mark 6 metres from goal", "Other football codes also use the term penalty kick for materially different procedures" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Direct free kick", "difference": "A penalty kick is the specially regulated restart for qualifying defending-team offences inside its penalty area; other direct free kicks generally occur at the offence location." }, { "name": "Penalty shoot-out", "difference": "A shoot-out determines a match winner through a sequence of kicks after play has ended; it is not a restart awarded for an offence during play." }, { "name": "Indirect free kick", "difference": "An indirect free kick requires another player to touch the ball before a goal can be scored and can be awarded inside the penalty area without becoming a penalty kick." }, { "name": "Penalty area", "difference": "The penalty area is a marked field region whose boundaries help determine eligibility for the restart." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend association football specifically, and does it include futsal or other football variants within this entry?", "Which authoritative rules editions and competition modifications should the researched model cover?", "Should shoot-out kicks be represented as a context of this model or linked to an existing separate registered concept?", "How should successive retakes be identified so that the original award, individual attempts and final disposition remain distinguishable?", "Which edition-specific provisions govern accidental additional kicker contact, encroachment consequences and completion during an extended period?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a penalty kick, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an association-football penalty kick, assess its procedural state under the applicable rules, and identify permitted next actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Panenka.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a penalty kick, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Panenka" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one penalty kick from another, and a penalty kick from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a penalty kick sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a penalty kick from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a penalty kick passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a penalty kick between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a penalty kick, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a penalty kick is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What penalty kick is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of penalty kick are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is penalty kick operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of penalty kick and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of penalty kick?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as penalty kick?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a penalty kick came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a penalty kick and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a penalty kick is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a penalty kick, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a penalty kick, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a penalty kick is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }