{ "model": { "rank": 8106, "code": "thing-q282142", "model_id": "vr.tr.glioblastoma", "name": "glioblastoma", "purpose": "Let an agent explain glioblastoma in general terms from neuro-oncology guidelines, describe symptoms, diagnosis, classification and treatment, relay outcomes and research with attribution, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q282142/", "tier": 2, "score": 52, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cerebellar glioblastoma", "glioblastoma classical subtype", "glioblastoma proneural subtype", "glioblastoma mesenchymal subtype", "glioblastoma neural subtype", "giant cell glioblastoma", "secondary glioblastoma multiforme", "Giant-cell glioblastoma", "gliosarcoma" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 52, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q282142", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282142", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:20:51Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q282142", "registryId": "vr.tr.glioblastoma", "name": "glioblastoma", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q282142/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.glioblastoma", "name": "glioblastoma", "purpose": "Let an agent explain glioblastoma in general terms from neuro-oncology guidelines, describe symptoms, diagnosis, classification and treatment, relay outcomes and research with attribution, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "definition": "The most common and most aggressive primary malignant brain tumour in adults, a grade 4 astrocytoma arising from glial cells, most often in the cerebral hemispheres and rarely in the cerebellum, defined since 2021 by IDH-wildtype status and molecular features, with histological variants such as giant cell glioblastoma and expression subtypes described as classical, proneural, mesenchymal and neural; glioblastoma is treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, with median survival of about 15 months and active research into new therapies.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a cancer.", "affordances": [ "explain the tumour and classification", "relay symptoms and diagnosis", "relay treatment and outcomes", "route personal questions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Highest grade glioma", "IDH-wildtype definition", "Infiltrative growth", "Poor prognosis" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a brain tumour seen on MRI.", "visual_identification": [ "Grade 4 astrocytoma of the brain", "IDH-wildtype glioblastoma; giant cell variant; classical, proneural, mesenchymal and neural subtypes; cerebellar glioblastoma", "Lower-grade astrocytomas and IDH-mutant tumours are classified separately; brain metastases are not primary tumours" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "incidence", "typical_range": "about 3-4", "unit": "per 100000 per year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "median survival", "typical_range": "about 15", "unit": "months", "note": "with standard treatment" }, { "quantity": "median age at diagnosis", "typical_range": "about 64", "unit": "years", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "IDH-wildtype glioblastoma", "histological variants such as giant cell, gliosarcoma and epithelioid glioblastoma", "expression subtypes: classical, proneural, mesenchymal and neural", "cerebellar and other uncommon sites", "paediatric high-grade gliomas as related but distinct tumours" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "astrocytoma", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is classified by", "target": "WHO classification of CNS tumours", "why": "2021 edition" }, { "relation": "is treated with", "target": "temozolomide", "why": "and radiotherapy" }, { "relation": "is defined by", "target": "IDH-wildtype", "why": "status" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "2A00.0", "note": "gliomas of brain" }, { "scheme": "ICD-O", "value_or_pattern": "9440/3", "note": "glioblastoma" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D005909", "note": "glioblastoma" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO 2021 classification of CNS tumours", "EANO and NCCN neuro-oncology guidelines", "Drug and device approvals such as tumour treating fields" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Overstating unproven therapies", "Confusing with lower-grade or metastatic tumours", "Stale classification" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "help", "name": "Help", "description": "Getting help first.", "rationale": "Safety.", "layers": [ { "id": "signs", "name": "Signs", "description": "Warning signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-finding", "name": "Signs", "description": "Signs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What signs such as new seizures, persistent headache, weakness or personality change need prompt assessment?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is the user describing such signs, which need urgent medical care?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Specialist care.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-finding", "name": "Care", "description": "Care.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is glioblastoma diagnosed and classified by neuro-oncology teams, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own or a relative diagnosis, which needs the oncology team?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "The tumour.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is glioblastoma, and how do IDH status, histological variants and expression subtypes define it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about glioblastoma or another brain tumour?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "biology", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biology.", "findings": [ { "id": "biology-finding", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is glioblastoma so aggressive, and what molecular features such as MGMT methylation matter?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific marker?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "treat", "name": "Treat", "description": "Treatment and outlook.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments do guidelines recommend, from surgery and radiotherapy to temozolomide and tumour treating fields, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "outlook", "name": "Outlook", "description": "Outcomes and support.", "findings": [ { "id": "outlook-finding", "name": "Outlook", "description": "Outlook.", "questions": [ { "text": "What outcomes are seen, and what supportive and palliative care exists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Research and support.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What research addresses immunotherapy, targeted therapy and trials, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits neuro-oncology research?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "support", "name": "Support", "description": "Support.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-finding", "name": "Support", "description": "Support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What organisations support patients and families?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific organisation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should astrocytoma and IDH-mutant glioma be separate primary entries?", "How should neuro-oncology guidelines be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming subtypes and sites; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a glioblastoma, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain glioblastoma in general terms from neuro-oncology guidelines, describe symptoms, diagnosis, classification and treatment, relay outcomes and research with attribution, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cerebellar glioblastoma, glioblastoma classical subtype, glioblastoma proneural subtype, glioblastoma mesenchymal subtype, glioblastoma neural subtype, giant cell glioblastoma, secondary glioblastoma multiforme, Giant-cell glioblastoma, gliosarcoma.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a glioblastoma, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cerebellar glioblastoma", "glioblastoma classical subtype", "glioblastoma proneural subtype", "glioblastoma mesenchymal subtype", "glioblastoma neural subtype", "giant cell glioblastoma", "secondary glioblastoma multiforme", "Giant-cell glioblastoma", "gliosarcoma" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one glioblastoma from another, and a glioblastoma from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a glioblastoma sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a glioblastoma from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a glioblastoma passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a glioblastoma between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a glioblastoma, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a glioblastoma is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What glioblastoma is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of glioblastoma are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is glioblastoma operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of glioblastoma and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of glioblastoma?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as glioblastoma?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a glioblastoma came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a glioblastoma and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a glioblastoma is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a glioblastoma, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a glioblastoma, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a glioblastoma is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }