{ "model": { "rank": 2397, "code": "thing-q28692", "model_id": "vr.tr.pimpinella-anisum", "name": "Pimpinella anisum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify Pimpinella anisum, assess the condition of its plants and harvested material, and determine evidence-supported cultivation, harvest, storage and use actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q28692/", "tier": 2, "score": 107, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 107, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q28692", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28692", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:58:18Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00974134, "turns": 1, "seconds": 107.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 95.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb9-affb-7253-b147-847e38580422\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Pimpinella anisum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pimpinella-anisum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q28692", "registryId": "vr.tr.pimpinella-anisum", "name": "Pimpinella anisum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q28692/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pimpinella-anisum", "name": "Pimpinella anisum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify Pimpinella anisum, assess the condition of its plants and harvested material, and determine evidence-supported cultivation, harvest, storage and use actions.", "definition": "Pimpinella anisum L. is an annual Apiaceae herb cultivated for its schizocarp fruits (aniseed), whose trans-anethole-dominated essential oil supplies the characteristic sweet-licorice flavour used in food, liqueurs, and herbal medicinal products.", "scope_statement": "This model owns species-specific recognition and state assessment for vr.tr.pimpinella-anisum in PHY / PHY.OBJ, covering living specimens and identifiable unprocessed plant material while linking derived products and use decisions to neighbouring models.", "in_scope": [ "Botanical identity and evidence distinguishing Pimpinella anisum from similarly named or resembling plants", "Specimen, accession and harvested-material provenance", "Developmental stage, reproductive progress and propagation viability", "Growing conditions, observed stress and plant damage", "Fruit maturity, harvest condition and storage deterioration", "Evidence required to route material toward propagation, culinary processing, analysis or rejection" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Species models for fennel, dill, star anise and other Pimpinella species", "Manufacture and specification of anise essential oil, extracts and formulated products", "Clinical diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy, prescribing and dosage", "Farm operations, irrigation infrastructure and pesticide-product authorisation", "Commercial contracts, certification systems and food-product recipes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect leaves at several stem positions: broad, toothed basal leaves together with narrowly divided upper leaves support identification; a single detached upper leaf is insufficient. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846658-1/general-information)", "Inspect mature fruits under magnification for a flask-like outline, short appressed grey hairs and conspicuous pale ribs; the cited flora describes fruits 3-4 mm long. Require the combination rather than size alone. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846658-1/general-information)", "On flowering material, white flowers support anise identification against yellow-flowered dill; flower colour alone does not establish the species. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846658-1/general-information)", "Resolve a label such as 'aniseed' to a botanical determination and an identified plant part: the medicinal material named Anisi fructus is Pimpinella anisum fruit, so the trade word 'seed' must not determine anatomical identity. [EMA Anisi fructus](https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/anisi-fructus)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unexamined | provisional | confirmed by stated method | disputed", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific handling decisions can rely on the identification." }, { "name": "Material represented", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "living plant | voucher | whole fruit | separated mericarp | isolated seed | other identified part | mixed or unknown material", "why_it_matters": "Separates organism condition, propagation potential and harvested-material assessment." }, { "name": "Source accession or parent lot", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked accession, voucher, parent planting or harvest lot; unknown explicitly allowed", "why_it_matters": "Connects detached anise material to the evidence supporting its identity." }, { "name": "Leaf-position morphology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "basal, lower-stem and upper-stem observations of division, segment shape and margins", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the combination of leaf forms needed for recognition." }, { "name": "Fruit length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with maturity, sample size and observed range", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with a botanical description without treating a reference range as an absolute limit." }, { "name": "Fruit surface and outline", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "observed shape, rib prominence and hair distribution, with magnification", "why_it_matters": "Provides identification evidence that can be lost after grinding or processing." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ungerminated | seedling | vegetative | flowering | fruit developing | fruit mature | senescent | dead", "why_it_matters": "Determines which diagnostic features and cultivation or harvest actions are available." }, { "name": "Germination result", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% germinated, with test duration, conditions, sample size and date", "why_it_matters": "Assesses planting suitability independently of appearance or aroma." }, { "name": "Observed damage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "symptom, affected organ, extent, progression and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports intervention without converting an unverified symptom into a pest or disease diagnosis." }, { "name": "Harvested-fruit moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% water with wet- or dry-basis convention, method and sampling date", "why_it_matters": "Informs drying and storage decisions against an explicitly selected specification." }, { "name": "Foreign material", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% by mass, separated by identified contaminant category and sampling method", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes anise identity from the purity of a harvested lot." }, { "name": "Intended destination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "propagation | culinary processing | extraction | research | disposal | undecided", "why_it_matters": "Selects the evidence and acceptance criteria required before further action." } ], "affordances": [ "Document and compare diagnostic leaves, flowers and fruits, requesting specialist determination when evidence is incomplete.", "Sow an authenticated propagation lot and monitor emergence under recorded conditions.", "Adjust cultivation conditions in response to measured conditions and diagnosed stress.", "Select harvest timing from observed fruit development and the intended destination.", "Separate, clean, dry and store harvested fruit while preserving lot identity and recording condition changes.", "Sample material for identity, purity or destination-specific testing and hold unsuitable or unresolved lots." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-kew-powo", "title": "Pimpinella anisum L.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846599-1", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, family Apiaceae, nativity and cultivated distribution.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "src-ema-anisi", "title": "Anisi fructus (aniseed) herbal monograph", "url": "https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/anisi-fructus", "what_it_supports": "EU herbal-drug identity, traditional medicinal uses, and quality/safety framing for anise fruit.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-who-monograph", "title": "WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Volume 1: Fructus Anisi", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Pharmacognostic definition of anise fruit, constituents (trans-anethole), medicinal uses, and adulteration/confusion with related umbellifers and star anise." }, { "id": "src-ph-eur", "title": "European Pharmacopoeia monographs Aniseed (Anisi fructus) and Anise oil (Anisi aetheroleum)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Official drug and oil specifications, identity tests, and trans-anethole content limits used in European pharmacy and food-flavour trade." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "botanical-identity", "name": "Botanical identity", "description": "Establish whether a plant or material sample belongs to Pimpinella anisum.", "rationale": "Common names and isolated aromatic material cannot substitute for a documented species determination.", "layers": [ { "id": "name-and-determination", "name": "Name and determination", "description": "Connect the registry identity to a botanical determination.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-species-assignment", "name": "Supported species assignment", "description": "Record the assigned botanical name, identifying authority, evidence and unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What reference and diagnostic evidence support assignment to Pimpinella anisum?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-species-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Who identified this specimen or lot, when, and against which voucher or reference material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-species-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-combination", "name": "Diagnostic combination", "description": "Assess complementary features rather than one resemblance.", "findings": [ { "id": "available-identification-features", "name": "Available identification features", "description": "Record leaf position and form, flower observations, and mature-fruit morphology, including features unavailable at the present stage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which basal and upper leaves, flowers and mature fruits were examined, and what did they show?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "available-identification-features-q01" }, { "text": "Which plausible alternatives remain, including dill, fennel, star-anise-labelled material or other Pimpinella species?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "available-identification-features-q02" }, { "text": "What additional specimen, microscopy or validated identity test would resolve the remaining ambiguity?", "kind": "action", "id": "available-identification-features-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-origin-and-continuity", "name": "Material origin and continuity", "description": "Preserve the connection between anise plants, propagating material and harvested fruit.", "rationale": "An authenticated plant does not automatically authenticate every lot subsequently carrying its name.", "layers": [ { "id": "accession-origin", "name": "Accession origin", "description": "Describe the biological and geographic origin of the material.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-origin", "name": "Traceable origin", "description": "Separate documented collection or supplier origin from unsupported cultivar and locality claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier, collection locality, parent planting or accession supplied this anise material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-origin-q01" }, { "text": "Is a cultivar or population name documented, inferred or unknown?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "plant-part-and-lot-links", "name": "Plant part and lot links", "description": "Track what material is represented and how separation or mixing affects identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-boundary", "name": "Material boundary", "description": "Distinguish the living plant, fruit, mericarp and isolated seed, and preserve links through harvest and cleaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record represent a plant, whole fruit, mericarp, isolated seed or a mixture?", "kind": "definition", "id": "material-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which harvest, cleaning or mixing events connect this material to its authenticated source?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "Has processing removed diagnostic features or created a derivative requiring another model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-boundary-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-propagation", "name": "Development and propagation", "description": "Assess establishment, reproductive progress and planting potential.", "rationale": "Recognition, harvest readiness and propagation suitability depend on different stages and evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-viability", "name": "Establishment and viability", "description": "Determine whether a designated anise propagation lot can establish plants.", "findings": [ { "id": "tested-propagation-potential", "name": "Tested propagation potential", "description": "Record germination and emergence evidence together with storage history and test conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fraction germinated or emerged, over what period and under which conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "tested-propagation-potential-q01" }, { "text": "What storage or treatment history might explain this lot's observed performance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "tested-propagation-potential-q02" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support sowing this lot, retesting it or selecting another lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "tested-propagation-potential-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-fruit-development", "name": "Flowering and fruit development", "description": "Follow reproductive stages across the plant's umbels.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-stage-distribution", "name": "Reproductive stage distribution", "description": "Record flowering, fruit set and maturity variation rather than assigning one stage to an uneven crop.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sampled umbels are flowering, setting fruit or carrying mature fruit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-stage-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "Is fruit development sufficiently advanced and uniform for the intended harvest?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-stage-distribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-conditions-and-plant-health", "name": "Growing conditions and plant health", "description": "Connect anise growth and symptoms to observed site conditions.", "rationale": "An agent needs local evidence before attributing poor establishment or fruit production to a particular cause.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-and-season-response", "name": "Site and season response", "description": "Relate the planting's development to its actual growing conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-growing-response", "name": "Documented growing response", "description": "Record sowing date, temperature, light, soil moisture and drainage alongside observed growth.", "questions": [ { "text": "What conditions accompanied emergence, flowering and fruit development in this planting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-growing-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally supported cultivation adjustment addresses the observed limitation?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-growing-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-causal-evidence", "name": "Symptoms and causal evidence", "description": "Separate observed injury from diagnoses requiring confirmation.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-intervention-basis", "name": "Health intervention basis", "description": "Assess damage to roots, foliage, stems, umbels or fruit and record the evidence for any proposed cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs are affected, how extensively, and is the damage progressing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "health-intervention-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or diagnostic result distinguishes environmental stress from pest or pathogen injury?", "kind": "definition", "id": "health-intervention-basis-q02" }, { "text": "What intervention or specialist assessment is justified at the present confidence level?", "kind": "action", "id": "health-intervention-basis-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvested-fruit-condition-and-disposition", "name": "Harvested fruit condition and disposition", "description": "Assess anise fruit after harvest and determine its next supported destination.", "rationale": "Botanical identity, storage condition and suitability for a particular use are separate judgments.", "layers": [ { "id": "harvest-and-storage-condition", "name": "Harvest and storage condition", "description": "Follow maturity, drying and deterioration in a defined fruit lot.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruit-condition-evidence", "name": "Fruit condition evidence", "description": "Record harvest maturity, moisture, drying history, damage, infestation and visible deterioration without inventing universal acceptance limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What maturity and condition were recorded at harvest, and how was the fruit subsequently dried?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fruit-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What do representative samples show about moisture, damaged fruit, foreign material and deterioration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-condition-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Does the selected storage specification support continued storage, further drying or segregation?", "kind": "action", "id": "fruit-condition-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "destination-specific-evidence", "name": "Destination-specific evidence", "description": "Match a fruit lot to the requirements of its proposed next use.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-lot-disposition", "name": "Supported lot disposition", "description": "Link identity and condition evidence to propagation, culinary processing, extraction or research requirements, leaving product approval and medical decisions to their own models.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which intended destination and applicable specification define this lot's acceptance criteria?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-lot-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which required identity, purity, viability or contaminant results are available, missing or out of date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-lot-disposition-q02" }, { "text": "Should the lot proceed to its intended destination, remain on hold for testing or be rejected for that destination?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-lot-disposition-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Anise fruit / aniseed (Anisi fructus) - the dried ripe schizocarps used as spice and herbal drug", "Anise essential oil (Anisi aetheroleum) - steam-distilled oil from the fruit, typically ≥80% trans-anethole", "Whole dried herb / aerial parts - minor culinary and folk-medicinal use of leaves and umbels", "Star-anise substitutes and blended \"anise spice\" - commercial products labelled anise that may be P. anisum, Illicium verum, or mixtures", "Cultivated landraces by origin (Mediterranean, Egyptian, Turkish, Spanish, Indian, Syrian) distinguished in the spice trade by fruit size, oil yield and anethole content rather than formal botanical cultivars" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q286078", "note": "Item for the species Pimpinella anisum." }, { "scheme": "IPNI / POWO", "value_or_pattern": "urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:846599-1", "note": "Kew Plants of the World Online accepted name record." }, { "scheme": "GRIN Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "taxon 28372", "note": "USDA GRIN record for Pimpinella anisum L." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "29790", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "taxid 50552", "note": "NCBI taxonomy identifier for Pimpinella anisum." }, { "scheme": "European Pharmacopoeia herbal drug", "value_or_pattern": "Anisi fructus; Anisi aetheroleum", "note": "Latin pharmaceutical names for the fruit and the essential oil." }, { "scheme": "HS / customs", "value_or_pattern": "0909.10 (anise or badian seeds, as grouped in HS Chapter 09)", "note": "Spice-trade heading that also covers star anise (badian); not species-specific." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "European Pharmacopoeia (EDQM / Council of Europe): monographs Anisi fructus and Anisi aetheroleum - identity, purity, essential-oil content and trans-anethole specification.", "EMA / HMPC (European Medicines Agency, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products): Community herbal monograph on Pimpinella anisum L., fructus, covering traditional use, posology and safety.", "ISO 7926 / related ISO spice standards (International Organization for Standardization): specifications for aniseed as a spice (whole and ground), including moisture, ash, extraneous matter and volatile-oil minima where adopted by the trade.", "Codex Alimentarius / national food-spice standards: anise as a culinary spice; flavouring use of trans-anethole subject to food-additive and flavouring evaluations (JECFA, EFSA, FDA GRAS for anise oil/anethole in specified uses).", "EU Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (2004/24/EC) and national pharmacopoeias (e.g. USP Herbal Medicines Compendium where listed): govern medicinal presentation of aniseed preparations.", "CITES is not applicable to P. anisum; confusion risk is regulatory for Illicium anisatum (Japanese star anise), which is toxic and must not enter the food/herbal chain labelled as anise or star anise." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Culinary spice: whole or ground dried fruits in breads, biscuits, sausages, pickles, curry blends and confectionery, especially in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Indian and Latin American cooking.", "Alcoholic beverages: flavouring of anise spirits and aperitifs (ouzo, raki, arak, sambuca, pastis, anisette, absinthe-style drinks) via fruit, oil or anethole.", "Herbal medicinal products: teas, tinctures and essential-oil preparations used as carminatives and expectorants (dyspepsia, bloating, coughs) under EMA traditional-use framing.", "Flavour and fragrance industry: steam-distilled anise oil and isolated trans-anethole as flavouring in oral-care, confectionery and some perfumery.", "Agricultural crop: annual field crop on calcareous, well-drained soils in the eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, Egypt, Spain, Syria, India and Mexico; harvested when umbels brown and fruits dry.", "Veterinary and folk use: historically in livestock digestive remedies and as a galactagogue in folk practice (the latter is not a settled clinical indication)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Fruit essential-oil content (dried ripe schizocarps)", "typical_range": "1.5-6 (pharmacopoeial minima often ≥2)", "unit": "% v/w or % m/m" }, { "quantity": "trans-Anethole in the essential oil", "typical_range": "80-96 (Ph. Eur. typically requires a high anethole fraction)", "unit": "% of oil (GC)" }, { "quantity": "Dried fruit length", "typical_range": "3-5", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Thousand-fruit (seed) mass", "typical_range": "1.5-4", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Plant height at maturity", "typical_range": "30-80", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Moisture of commercial dried aniseed", "typical_range": "≤10-12", "unit": "% m/m" }, { "quantity": "Field seed/fruit yield", "typical_range": "0.4-1.2", "unit": "t/ha" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Adulteration or substitution with toxic Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) or with cheaper Apiaceae fruits (fennel, dill, caraway, cumin) - chemical and morphological mix-ups in the spice and herbal-tea trades.", "Estragole (methyl chavicol) and other phenylpropanoids in the oil: genotoxicity/carcinogenicity concern at high or chronic intake; EMA/HMPC restrict paediatric use and prolonged high-dose essential-oil use.", "Allergic reactions (skin and respiratory) in people sensitised to anethole or to Apiaceae pollen/spices; occupational asthma in spice processors.", "Photosensitivity and contact dermatitis from the oil; mucous-membrane irritation if undiluted oil is ingested or applied.", "Oestrogenic activity of trans-anethole: caution in hormone-sensitive conditions and in pregnancy at medicinal (not culinary) doses - evidence is mixed and labelled as a precaution rather than a proven clinical harm at food levels.", "Crop failure from damping-off, umbel blight, rust and aphids; fruits shatter if harvest is delayed, collapsing yield and raising mycotoxin/storage-mould risk in poorly dried lots.", "The liquor-louche (anethole precipitation in water) is not a hazard but a quality/identity behaviour of anise spirits; oxidized or anethole-poor oil tastes flat or phenolic." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English: anise / aniseed; not the same as fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) though both are called 'anise' in some vernaculars.", "Romance languages: anís / anis / anice; in Spanish America 'anís' may mean P. anisum or star anise depending on market.", "Eastern Mediterranean and Balkans: the flavour complex of ouzo/raki/arak is culturally 'anise' and may be P. anisum, star anise, fennel, or anethole isolates.", "China and much of East Asia: culinary 'anise' is usually star anise (Illicium verum), not P. anisum.", "India: saunf in trade often denotes fennel; true anise (P. anisum) is a smaller, distinct spice stream.", "Pharmacopoeial vs food trade: Europe treats Anisi fructus as a defined herbal drug; many food markets sell mixed 'anise spices' without botanical assay." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Foeniculum vulgare (fennel / sweet fennel fruit)", "difference": "Fennel mericarps are longer (usually 6-10 mm), paler, and the oil is anethole-rich but with a different fenchone/estragole profile; fruit morphology (prominent ridges, no hair) and GC of the oil separate them." }, { "name": "Illicium verum (Chinese star anise / badian)", "difference": "Star anise is an eight-pointed woody follicle fruit of a magnoliid shrub, not an umbellifer schizocarp; same dominant odorant (trans-anethole) but different plant, HS often co-classified; morphology is decisive." }, { "name": "Illicium anisatum (Japanese star anise, shikimi)", "difference": "Toxic (anisatin and related sesquiterpene lactones); looks like I. verum, not like P. anisum. Never a true neighbour of aniseed morphologically, but a lethal label-swap in 'anise tea'. HPLC/MS for anisatin and follicle morphology vs I. verum are the tests; P. anisum fruits are small ridged mericarps." }, { "name": "Carum carvi (caraway)", "difference": "Caraway is curved, darker, carvone-scented; anise is ovoid, grey-green, anethole-scented. Odour and GC (carvone vs trans-anethole) separate them." }, { "name": "Anethum graveolens (dill fruit)", "difference": "Dill mericarps are flatter with a pale wing-like margin and dill-ether/carvone aroma, not sweet anise." }, { "name": "Myrrhis odorata (sweet cicely) and other anethole Apiaceae", "difference": "Vegetative herbs with anise odour; they do not yield the commercial small ridged aniseed. Fruit anatomy and species identity in the umbel separate them." }, { "name": "Pimpinella saxifraga / Pimpinella major (burnet-saxifrage)", "difference": "Congeneric wild perennials used in older European herbalism; fruits and roots differ, and they are not the aniseed crop. Species-level fruit morphology and habitat (wild perennial vs cultivated annual) separate them." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Pimpinella anisum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which validated diagnostic keys and laboratory methods best distinguish Pimpinella anisum from locally plausible substitutes when flowers or intact fruits are unavailable?", "How much do diagnostic fruit dimensions and developmental timing vary among documented cultivars, origins and growing environments?", "Which locally validated sowing, moisture and temperature conditions support establishment and fruit production for the intended growing region?", "Which harvest indicators, drying conditions and storage limits preserve the required quality separately for propagation, culinary processing and extraction?", "Which current destination-specific standards and jurisdictional requirements govern identity, contaminants and acceptance of the harvested material?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Pimpinella anisum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify Pimpinella anisum, assess the condition of its plants and harvested material, and determine evidence-supported cultivation, harvest, storage and use actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 107 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Pimpinella anisum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 107 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Pimpinella anisum from another, and a Pimpinella anisum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Pimpinella anisum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Pimpinella anisum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Pimpinella anisum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Pimpinella anisum and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Pimpinella anisum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Pimpinella anisum is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Pimpinella anisum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Pimpinella anisum moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Pimpinella anisum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Pimpinella anisum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Pimpinella anisum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Pimpinella anisum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Pimpinella anisum is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Pimpinella anisum, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Pimpinella anisum from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Pimpinella anisum from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Pimpinella anisum does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Pimpinella anisum pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Pimpinella anisum judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Pimpinella anisum lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Pimpinella anisum, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Pimpinella anisum hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Pimpinella anisum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Pimpinella anisum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Pimpinella anisum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Pimpinella anisum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Pimpinella anisum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Pimpinella anisum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }