{ "model": { "rank": 4336, "code": "thing-q2878644", "model_id": "vr.tr.illicium-verum", "name": "Illicium verum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Illicium verum, assess the identity and biological condition of associated plants and specimens, and determine whether propagation, sampling or transfer to a use-specific model is justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2878644/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2878644", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878644", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:59:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087c0-47a4-7050-be94-992f67c3d67c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Illicium verum\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087c0-47b7-7da1-b7da-d8cd531353a7\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Illicium verum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.illicium-verum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2878644", "registryId": "vr.tr.illicium-verum", "name": "Illicium verum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2878644/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.illicium-verum", "name": "Illicium verum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Illicium verum, assess the identity and biological condition of associated plants and specimens, and determine whether propagation, sampling or transfer to a use-specific model is justified.", "definition": "Illicium verum is an evergreen tree species in the family Schisandraceae, native to southern China and northern Vietnam, whose aromatic, star-shaped aggregate fruits are harvested as the spice star anise.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level biological identity and assessment requirements of Illicium verum under vr.tr.illicium-verum, PHY / PHY.OBJ, including evidence connecting individual plants and detached organs to that species.", "in_scope": [ "Species identity, botanical naming and specimen authentication", "Vegetative, floral and fruit characters used in identification", "Plant development, flowering, fruiting and reproductive material", "Occurrence, cultivation provenance and growing-site observations", "Species attribution of harvested organs and boundaries for downstream use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Illicium species, including Illicium anisatum", "Pimpinella anisum and other plants called anise", "Commercial spice lots, blends and food manufacturing specifications", "Essential oils, isolated anethole, shikimic acid and pharmaceutical products", "Clinical treatment, medicinal dosing and therapeutic efficacy", "Plantation businesses, trade contracts and supply-chain operations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check woody evergreen growth and reproductive anatomy against a botanical reference: Illicium verum is a tree in Schisandraceae, whereas Pimpinella anisum belongs to Apiaceae. [Kew species profile](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "Inspect intact fruits for a radial arrangement of single-seeded carpels around a central attachment; this supports identification but does not alone distinguish Illicium verum from similar Illicium species. [Kew species profile](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "For confusion with Illicium anisatum, require documented comparative identification; volatile-compound analysis can assist discrimination, while appearance alone leaves uncertainty. [Kew authentication research summary](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "Distinguish an isolated seed from the surrounding fruit: the spice called star aniseed is defined as dried fruit, so a seed-only sample does not represent the complete spice organ. [FDA spice definitions](https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-525750-spices-definitions)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Species determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unexamined | provisional | authenticated | conflicting | rejected", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether observations can be attributed to Illicium verum." }, { "name": "Authentication evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to voucher, identifier, botanical key and applicable laboratory report", "why_it_matters": "Makes the species determination reviewable when similar Illicium material is encountered." }, { "name": "Observed biological material", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "whole plant | leaf | flower | whole fruit | fruit fragment | isolated seed", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which diagnostic characters and biological actions remain available." }, { "name": "Fruit architecture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Carpels per intact fruit; fruit diameter and carpel dimensions in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with authenticated specimens without treating a single carpel count as conclusive." }, { "name": "Reproductive stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "juvenile | vegetative adult | budding | flowering | fruit developing | fruit mature; stages may overlap", "why_it_matters": "Guides observation, seed collection and interpretation of absent reproductive characters." }, { "name": "Establishment provenance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented wild | cultivated | naturalised | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a planted occurrence from being treated as evidence of native distribution." }, { "name": "Growing-site conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, rainfall in mm per stated interval, soil pH and soil moisture with method", "why_it_matters": "Supports local evaluation of establishment and reproductive performance." }, { "name": "Propagation material history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Parent plant or accession, seed or cutting, collection date and storage record", "why_it_matters": "Connects propagation outcomes to authenticated material and handling." }, { "name": "Germination outcome", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Germinated seeds / tested seeds, percentage and days under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Provides observed evidence of seed performance rather than assuming viability." }, { "name": "Organ condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "fresh | dried | damaged | visibly mouldy | degraded | unresolved; multiple values allowed", "why_it_matters": "Separates preservation and damage effects from diagnostic morphology." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare a plant or fruit specimen with authenticated Illicium verum reference material and record an identification decision.", "Request specialist or laboratory authentication when diagnostic organs are missing or another Illicium species remains plausible.", "Track flowering and fruit development to schedule documented observations or collection.", "Plan and evaluate seed or cutting propagation using recorded parentage and conditions.", "Link harvested organs to their source plant and transfer them to an appropriate spice, extract or research-material model.", "Hold material with unresolved species identity out of a proposed food-use workflow pending authentication." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "botanical-identity", "name": "Botanical identity", "description": "Resolve what the name Illicium verum denotes and whether observed material belongs to it.", "rationale": "Common names and trade labels cannot establish the species identity required by this registry entry.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-concept", "name": "Taxonomic concept", "description": "Anchor the registry entry to a documented botanical treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-species-anchor", "name": "Accepted species anchor", "description": "Kew accepts Illicium verum Hook.f.; retain the taxonomic reference and its version with determinations. [Kew taxonomy](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated taxonomic treatment anchors the meaning of Illicium verum in this record?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-species-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Does a supplied common name denote this species, a harvested product or another anise-named plant?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accepted-species-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specimen-determination", "name": "Specimen determination", "description": "Connect an identification decision to material that can be examined again.", "findings": [ { "id": "voucher-backed-attribution", "name": "Voucher-backed attribution", "description": "Record the proposed species, identifier, examined organs and retained evidence without upgrading an unsupported label to an authenticated determination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who identified this plant or sample, using which diagnostic material and reference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "voucher-backed-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which voucher, accession or retained sample allows the identification to be reviewed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "voucher-backed-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-organs", "name": "Diagnostic organs", "description": "Organise the observations needed to distinguish Illicium verum from named alternatives.", "rationale": "Available evidence differs substantially between a living tree, an intact fruit and fragmented material.", "layers": [ { "id": "living-plant-characters", "name": "Living plant characters", "description": "Examine vegetative and floral evidence together.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparative-plant-description", "name": "Comparative plant description", "description": "Record leaf arrangement, texture and dimensions alongside flower position, colour and organ counts for comparison with a botanical key.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed leaf and flower characters match the selected Illicium verum reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparative-plant-description-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative Illicium species remain compatible with the available vegetative evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparative-plant-description-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-and-seed-evidence", "name": "Fruit and seed evidence", "description": "Assess fruit architecture without confusing supporting characters with decisive tests.", "findings": [ { "id": "intactness-and-character-availability", "name": "Intactness and character availability", "description": "Record carpel arrangement, dimensions, opening and seed occupancy, including characters lost through breakage or processing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the carpel count, dimensions and seed occupancy across the examined intact fruits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "intactness-and-character-availability-q01" }, { "text": "Which identification characters are unavailable because the sample contains only seeds, fragments or powder?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intactness-and-character-availability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "establishment-and-reproduction", "name": "Establishment and reproduction", "description": "Track how authenticated plants establish, flower, fruit and produce propagation material.", "rationale": "Biological state determines whether an agent can reasonably attempt propagation or reproductive collection.", "layers": [ { "id": "propagation-history", "name": "Propagation history", "description": "Connect propagation attempts to parent material and handling conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "seed-and-cutting-performance", "name": "Seed and cutting performance", "description": "Seeds and cuttings are documented propagation routes; record actual outcomes for the material and protocol used. [Kew cultivation profile](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authenticated parent or accession supplied these seeds or cuttings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seed-and-cutting-performance-q01" }, { "text": "What germination or rooting outcome followed the recorded collection, storage and propagation conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seed-and-cutting-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-reproductive-cycle", "name": "Local reproductive cycle", "description": "Use dated observations to establish reproductive timing at the actual site.", "findings": [ { "id": "flowering-to-fruit-record", "name": "Flowering-to-fruit record", "description": "Track buds, flowers, developing fruits and mature fruits separately rather than imposing one universal harvest calendar.", "questions": [ { "text": "When were flowering, fruit set and fruit maturation observed on this plant at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "flowering-to-fruit-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed maturity criteria justify collecting fruit for seed propagation or a specified downstream use?", "kind": "action", "id": "flowering-to-fruit-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-growing-context", "name": "Range and growing context", "description": "Separate geographic origin from cultivation history and record conditions affecting the living plant.", "rationale": "Location alone cannot establish wild origin or demonstrate that a site supports successful reproduction.", "layers": [ { "id": "occurrence-origin", "name": "Occurrence origin", "description": "Establish whether an occurrence represents wild, planted or naturalised material.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-range-versus-planting", "name": "Native range versus planting", "description": "Kew places the native range in southern and western Guangxi through northern Vietnam; local establishment history still needs evidence. [Kew distribution](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "questions": [ { "text": "What locality and collection evidence accompany this occurrence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "native-range-versus-planting-q01" }, { "text": "What supports classifying the occurrence as wild, cultivated or naturalised?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "native-range-versus-planting-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "site-performance", "name": "Site performance", "description": "Relate measured growing conditions to establishment and reproductive observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-linked-response", "name": "Condition-linked response", "description": "Record growth, leaf condition, flowering and fruit retention alongside site conditions; keep suspected causes distinct from confirmed diagnoses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which temperature, moisture, drainage and light observations accompany successful or poor performance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-linked-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports a proposed cultivation adjustment for this Illicium verum plant?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-linked-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authentication-and-use-boundaries", "name": "Authentication and use boundaries", "description": "Manage species confusion and the handoff from biological material to products.", "rationale": "Species identity, product suitability and therapeutic claims require different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "confusable-illicium-material", "name": "Confusable Illicium material", "description": "Resolve identity uncertainty before relying on a star-anise label for a use decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "anisatum-exclusion-evidence", "name": "Illicium anisatum exclusion evidence", "description": "Illicium anisatum is a toxic look-alike; record the evidence and limitations of its exclusion from a sample. [Kew hazard and authentication profile](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1/general-information)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identification or analytical method assessed possible Illicium anisatum material, and for what sample form was it validated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "anisatum-exclusion-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence address a single specimen, or possible admixture throughout the sampled material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anisatum-exclusion-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What further examination is required before unresolved material can enter the proposed use workflow?", "kind": "action", "id": "anisatum-exclusion-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-to-product-handoff", "name": "Organ-to-product handoff", "description": "Preserve botanical provenance while transferring product-specific decisions to neighbouring models.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-evidence-transfer", "name": "Use-specific evidence transfer", "description": "Attach organ identity, source plant, harvest stage and processing history to derived material; require the receiving model to assess its intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plant organ and authenticated source produced the harvested or extracted material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-specific-evidence-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "Which spice, extract, chemical or medicinal-product model owns the next quality and use decision?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-evidence-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This account covers the botanical species rather than a spice product, extract, or essential oil.", "Cultivar distinctions, quantitative specifications, and applicable commodity standards need verification before inclusion.", "Species authentication requires more than a common name or superficial fruit resemblance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants", "value_or_pattern": "Illicium verum Hook.f.", "note": "The scientific name identifies the species; star anise commonly denotes its harvested fruit." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dried fruits season foods, including Chinese five-spice mixtures and Vietnamese pho broth.", "Fruit essential oil supplies an anise-like fragrance and flavour, principally associated with trans-anethole.", "The fruits are an industrial source of shikimic acid, a starting material used in some manufacturing routes for oseltamivir." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusion or adulteration with toxic Illicium species, particularly Illicium anisatum, can cause poisoning.", "Common names and the star-shaped appearance alone do not reliably establish species identity.", "Poor drying and damp storage can cause mould and deterioration of the harvested spice." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation and commercial production are strongly associated with southern China and northern Vietnam.", "Older botanical classifications place Illicium in Illiciaceae; modern classifications commonly include it in Schisandraceae." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Illicium anisatum", "difference": "Japanese star anise is a separate, toxic species and is not interchangeable with culinary Illicium verum." }, { "name": "Pimpinella anisum", "difference": "Anise is an herbaceous member of Apiaceae with small, non-star-shaped fruits; its similar aroma does not indicate close botanical relationship." }, { "name": "Star anise", "difference": "As a commodity, this denotes the harvested fruit, whereas Illicium verum denotes the living plant species." }, { "name": "Shikimic acid", "difference": "This is a chemical compound obtainable from the plant, not the organism or the whole spice." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Illicium verum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which botanical keys and authenticated reference specimens provide reliable separation from the Illicium species encountered in each sourcing region, especially for sterile plants?", "Which analytical methods are validated for distinguishing Illicium verum and detecting admixture in whole fruits, fragments, powders and extracts, with what detection limits?", "What seed-storage, germination and cutting protocols are supported by reproducible studies across provenances?", "Which local environmental conditions, reproductive requirements and maturity indicators reliably predict establishment and usable fruit or seed production?", "How should harvest-stage evidence be reconciled across intended uses, given differing descriptions of pre-ripening collection and dried ripe spice fruit?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Illicium verum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Illicium verum, assess the identity and biological condition of associated plants and specimens, and determine whether propagation, sampling or transfer to a use-specific model is justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Illicium verum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Illicium verum from another, and a Illicium verum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Illicium verum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Illicium verum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Illicium verum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Illicium verum and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Illicium verum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Illicium verum is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Illicium verum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Illicium verum moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Illicium verum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Illicium verum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Illicium verum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Illicium verum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Illicium verum is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Illicium verum, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Illicium verum from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Illicium verum from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Illicium verum does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Illicium verum pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Illicium verum judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Illicium verum lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Illicium verum, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Illicium verum hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Illicium verum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Illicium verum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Illicium verum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Illicium verum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Illicium verum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Illicium verum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }