{ "model": { "rank": 3313, "code": "thing-q28797", "model_id": "vr.tr.applied-science", "name": "applied science", "purpose": "Let an agent explain applied science by field, relationship to basic research, careers and routes from research to practice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q28797/", "tier": 2, "score": 87, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "hydraulic technician", "technology transfer", "implementation research", "applied hydrobiology", "applied seismology", "applied political science", "marketing research", "safety science", "accompanying research", "applied geometry", "applied biomechanics", "applied hydromechanics", "applied algebra", "applied criminology", "public health technology", "cryptology", "hydraulics", "applied physics", "building science", "applied folklore", "health sciences", "market research", "Pacific Peoples health and wellbeing", "Māori health and wellbeing", "diffusion of technology", "technology transfer in computer science", "user research", "customer satisfaction research", "fluid technology", "underground hydraulics", "thermal hydraulics", "hydrophysics", "accelerator physics", "energetics", "building engineering physics", "building physics", "Indigenous studies health and wellbeing", "traditional, complementary and integrative medicine", "environmental health sciences", "allied health sciences" ], "aliasCount": 68, "merged": 68, "knownIn": 87, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q28797", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28797", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T14:03:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q28797", "registryId": "vr.tr.applied-science", "name": "applied science", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q28797/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.applied-science", "name": "applied science", "purpose": "Let an agent explain applied science by field, relationship to basic research, careers and routes from research to practice.", "definition": "The use of scientific knowledge and methods to achieve practical goals, such as engineering, medicine, applied physics, applied seismology and applied hydrobiology, and the transfer of research into practice through technology transfer and implementation research.", "what_it_is_for": "Solving practical problems with science.", "affordances": [ "distinguish applied and basic research", "find applied science fields and careers", "understand technology transfer processes", "find funding for applied research" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Practical goals", "Builds on basic science", "Often interdisciplinary", "Leads to products and services" ], "appearance": "Not physical; seen in technologies, clinical practice, engineering projects and applied research.", "visual_identification": [ "Research aimed at practical goals", "Technology transfer offices", "Basic research seeks understanding without a set application" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "engineering sciences", "medical and health sciences", "applied physics and chemistry", "applied earth and environmental sciences", "implementation research" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "science", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "basic research", "why": "counterpart" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "research", "why": "activity" }, { "relation": "produces", "target": "technology", "why": "output" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Research funding rules", "Intellectual property and technology transfer policies", "Research ethics" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Neglecting basic research foundations", "Overstating readiness of technologies", "Conflicts of interest" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "What it is.", "rationale": "Distinctions matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "applied", "name": "Applied", "description": "Applied versus basic.", "findings": [ { "id": "applied-finding", "name": "Applied", "description": "Applied versus basic.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does applied science differ from basic research?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How do they interact?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fields", "name": "Fields", "description": "Applied fields.", "findings": [ { "id": "fields-finding", "name": "Fields", "description": "Applied fields.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which applied fields address this problem?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which methods do they use?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transfer", "name": "Transfer", "description": "From lab to practice.", "rationale": "Transfer needs processes.", "layers": [ { "id": "tech", "name": "Tech transfer", "description": "Technology transfer.", "findings": [ { "id": "tech-finding", "name": "Tech transfer", "description": "Technology transfer.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does technology transfer from universities work, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who owns the intellectual property?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness", "name": "Readiness", "description": "Technology readiness.", "findings": [ { "id": "readiness-finding", "name": "Readiness", "description": "Technology readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What technology readiness level has this innovation reached?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which evidence supports it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "careers", "name": "Careers", "description": "Working in applied science.", "rationale": "Routes vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "education", "name": "Education", "description": "Study.", "findings": [ { "id": "education-finding", "name": "Education", "description": "Education.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which degrees lead to careers in this applied field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which professional registrations exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "funding", "name": "Funding", "description": "Grants.", "findings": [ { "id": "funding-finding", "name": "Funding", "description": "Funding.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which funders support applied or innovation research?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What are the conditions?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity", "name": "Integrity", "description": "Responsible practice.", "rationale": "Integrity matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "claims", "name": "Claims", "description": "Overclaiming.", "findings": [ { "id": "claims-finding", "name": "Claims", "description": "Claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the claimed benefit of this technology supported by independent evidence?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who funded the research?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Ethics.", "findings": [ { "id": "ethics-finding", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Ethics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ethical and safety reviews apply before deployment?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are affected communities consulted?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should applied fields be separate entries?", "How should technology readiness be recorded?", "How should funding programmes be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a applied science, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain applied science by field, relationship to basic research, careers and routes from research to practice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: hydraulic technician, technology transfer, implementation research, applied hydrobiology, applied seismology, applied political science, marketing research, safety science, accompanying research, applied geometry, applied biomechanics, applied hydromechanics.", "68 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a applied science, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "hydraulic technician", "technology transfer", "implementation research", "applied hydrobiology", "applied seismology", "applied political science", "marketing research", "safety science", "accompanying research", "applied geometry", "applied biomechanics", "applied hydromechanics" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 68 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one applied science from another, and a applied science from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a applied science sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a applied science from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a applied science passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a applied science between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a applied science, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a applied science is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a applied science says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a applied science contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a applied science and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What applied science studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does applied science take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does applied science establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where applied science is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark applied science as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place applied science, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a applied science came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a applied science and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a applied science is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a applied science, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a applied science, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a applied science is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }