{ "model": { "rank": 6322, "code": "thing-q29358", "model_id": "vr.tr.orienteering", "name": "orienteering", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an orienteering activity, assess its navigational progress and validity, and identify appropriate next actions within its rules and safety constraints.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q29358/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "biathlon orienteering", "men's orienteering", "women's orienteering", "trail orienteering", "mountain bike orienteering", "night orienteering", "ski orienteering", "foot orienteering", "middle distance (orienteering)", "long distance (orienteering)", "sprint orienteering", "relay (orienteering)", "sprint relay (orienteering)", "men's ski orienteering", "women's ski orienteering" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q29358", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29358", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:50:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01107244, "turns": 1, "seconds": 114.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c1e-e830-7ff1-a1ca-3982a4ca2ca5\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: orienteering\nRegistry id: vr.tr.orienteering\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q29358", "registryId": "vr.tr.orienteering", "name": "orienteering", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q29358/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.orienteering", "name": "orienteering", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an orienteering activity, assess its navigational progress and validity, and identify appropriate next actions within its rules and safety constraints.", "definition": "Orienteering is a timed navigation sport in which a competitor independently locates a set of flagged control points in unfamiliar terrain, choosing their own routes with a purpose-drawn topographic map and usually a compass, under rules that prescribe order (or a score objective), equipment, and fair play.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an orienteering activity in which participants use a map to navigate between designated controls, including its course, navigation conditions, participation constraints, progress evidence and outcome.", "in_scope": [ "Activity format, navigation task and applicable rules", "Map-to-terrain correspondence and control identification", "Control selection, route choice and navigational progress", "Participant movement mode, navigation aids and assistance constraints", "Visit evidence, completion assessment and activity-specific safety status" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General map production, surveying and geospatial data maintenance", "Long-term athlete training, fitness and medical care", "Equipment manufacture and maintenance", "Event business operations, staffing and accommodation", "Land ownership and environmental management beyond constraints on the activity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The task requires interpreting a map to locate designated controls; following a continuously marked route alone does not satisfy it.", "Progress is judged against control requirements, rather than only distance travelled or arrival at a destination.", "Participants make navigation decisions within course constraints; the activity is not simply a guided walk between locations.", "A recreational or untimed activity can qualify when it retains the map-and-control navigation task; racing is not the sole defining test.", "Movement mode and scoring method must be recorded explicitly rather than assuming every instance is a timed foot race with controls visited in a fixed order." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Movement discipline", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Foot, mountain bike, ski, or another explicitly identified discipline", "why_it_matters": "Determines feasible routes, equipment needs and applicable movement restrictions." }, { "name": "Control requirement format", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Prescribed sequence, selectable controls, or another explicitly specified format", "why_it_matters": "Determines which control choices constitute valid progress." }, { "name": "Map scale", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Representative fraction, such as 1:n", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of mapped distances and navigational detail." }, { "name": "Course distance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Metres or kilometres, with measurement method stated", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a nominal course measure from the distance a participant actually travels." }, { "name": "Elapsed activity time", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Seconds, with start, finish and any neutralisation basis recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports timing, deadlines and outcome assessment where time matters." }, { "name": "Control visit status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unvisited, visit claimed, visit evidenced, accepted, disputed, or rejected", "why_it_matters": "Separates physical progress from evidence and adjudication." }, { "name": "Navigation aid permission", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Aid or assistance linked to an allowed, restricted, prohibited, or unresolved rule", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent may provide location, route or other navigation assistance." }, { "name": "Position confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Confident, approximate, uncertain, or lost, with observation time and basis", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish purposeful route execution from a need to relocate or seek assistance." }, { "name": "Participation status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not started, active, finished, retired, overdue, or unaccounted for", "why_it_matters": "Keeps course completion separate from whether a participant has returned safely." } ], "affordances": [ "Check whether a proposed activity has a coherent map-and-control navigation task.", "Determine eligible next controls from the course format and accepted visit history.", "Compare route options against terrain, movement restrictions and permitted assistance.", "Reconcile control visit evidence with completion and scoring requirements.", "Flag uncertain position, impending deadlines or overdue return for an appropriate response.", "Explain a provisional result and identify evidence needed to resolve disputes." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iof-rules", "title": "Competition Rules for IOF Foot Orienteering Events - International Orienteering Federation", "url": "https://orienteering.sport/", "what_it_supports": "Official disciplines, course formats, winning-time bands, control procedure, disqualification for mis-punch, and anti-doping application at IOF events.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "isom", "title": "ISOM 2017-2 International Specification for Orienteering Maps - International Orienteering Federation", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Map scales, contour intervals, and the cartographic specification that defines an orienteering map as distinct from a general topographic sheet." }, { "id": "issprom", "title": "ISSprOM International Specification for Sprint Orienteering Maps - International Orienteering Federation", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Sprint as a distinct mapped discipline (typically 1:4 000) and urban/park cartography used in sprint orienteering." }, { "id": "wikipedia-orienteering", "title": "Orienteering - Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienteering", "what_it_supports": "History in Scandinavia, IOF as governing body, the four IOF disciplines, and common neighbouring activities.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "navigation-contract", "name": "Navigation contract", "description": "The specific navigation challenge and the conditions under which participants undertake it.", "rationale": "An agent cannot judge progress or offer permissible help without knowing what navigation decisions belong to the participant.", "layers": [ { "id": "discipline-and-task", "name": "Discipline and task", "description": "Identifies how participants move and what constitutes the control-finding task.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-orienteering-format", "name": "Declared orienteering format", "description": "Record the declared discipline and format alongside their operational meaning for this activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which movement discipline and navigation format does this activity use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-orienteering-format-q01" }, { "text": "What must participants determine from the map rather than from route markings or a guide?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-orienteering-format-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aids-and-assistance", "name": "Aids and assistance", "description": "Establishes which tools and outside information may influence navigation.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-navigation-support", "name": "Permitted navigation support", "description": "Record permissions for maps, compasses, positioning devices, communications and human or AI assistance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instructions govern navigation aids and outside assistance for this participant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-navigation-support-q01" }, { "text": "May an agent reveal current position, suggest a route or identify a control during the activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-navigation-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "map-terrain-and-controls", "name": "Map, terrain and controls", "description": "Connects the map representation to navigable terrain and identifiable control locations.", "rationale": "A navigation error, an ambiguous control and an outdated map require different responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "map-fitness", "name": "Map fitness", "description": "Captures the map edition, interpretation conventions and known discrepancies relevant to this course.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-map-reference", "name": "Usable map reference", "description": "Record the map supplied for the activity, its scale and legend, and any corrections affecting navigation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which map edition, scale, orientation information and symbol conventions are participants expected to use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "usable-map-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which known map-to-terrain discrepancies affect control finding or safe passage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-map-reference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-grounding", "name": "Control grounding", "description": "Distinguishes a control's intended location from its identifier, description and physical or virtual implementation.", "findings": [ { "id": "identifiable-control-site", "name": "Identifiable control site", "description": "Record how each required control is located and distinguished from nearby features or other controls.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mapped feature, control description and identifier establish the intended control?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identifiable-control-site-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports that the control is present and correctly located, or indicates a discrepancy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identifiable-control-site-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "course-and-route-choice", "name": "Course and route choice", "description": "Represents control obligations and the participant's navigational choices between them.", "rationale": "Orienteering progress depends on both satisfying course requirements and selecting feasible paths through terrain.", "layers": [ { "id": "control-obligations", "name": "Control obligations", "description": "Defines required visits, ordering, optional choices and course transitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "eligible-next-controls", "name": "Eligible next controls", "description": "Record the requirements that determine which controls may or must be visited next.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which controls are compulsory, optional or order-dependent, and are there alternative course branches or map changes?", "kind": "definition", "id": "eligible-next-controls-q01" }, { "text": "Given the participant's accepted visit history, which next control choices satisfy the course requirements?", "kind": "action", "id": "eligible-next-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "leg-navigation", "name": "Leg navigation", "description": "Captures route alternatives, execution and relocation between control locations.", "findings": [ { "id": "route-feasibility-and-position", "name": "Route feasibility and position", "description": "Record route options in relation to passability, prohibited areas, movement mode and confidence in current position.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which route options remain feasible given terrain, permitted crossings and the participant's movement mode?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "route-feasibility-and-position-q01" }, { "text": "What observed features support the current position estimate, and how uncertain is it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "route-feasibility-and-position-q02" }, { "text": "If position is uncertain, what relocation or assistance action is permitted?", "kind": "action", "id": "route-feasibility-and-position-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "visit-evidence-and-outcome", "name": "Visit evidence and outcome", "description": "Connects recorded control encounters to completion, timing, scoring and adjudication.", "rationale": "A recorded encounter does not by itself establish a valid visit or a valid overall result.", "layers": [ { "id": "visit-verification", "name": "Visit verification", "description": "Tracks evidence of control visits and exceptions affecting its interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-visit-evidence", "name": "Control visit evidence", "description": "Record the evidence method, participant association and acceptance status of each claimed visit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What punch, electronic record, observation or other permitted evidence supports this control visit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "control-visit-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How are missing records, incorrect control identifiers or recording-device failures assessed under the applicable rules?", "kind": "action", "id": "control-visit-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "result-determination", "name": "Result determination", "description": "Applies the activity's completion and scoring conditions without assuming a single ranking method.", "findings": [ { "id": "completion-and-result-basis", "name": "Completion and result basis", "description": "Record whether course obligations were met and how time, points, penalties or rulings affect the outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "What constitutes a valid completion, and which timing or scoring rules apply?", "kind": "definition", "id": "completion-and-result-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What result follows from accepted visits, elapsed time and applicable adjustments?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "completion-and-result-basis-q02" }, { "text": "Who may resolve disputed evidence or change a provisional result?", "kind": "action", "id": "completion-and-result-basis-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safe-participation-and-return", "name": "Safe participation and return", "description": "Captures course-specific exposure, withdrawal procedures and participant accountability.", "rationale": "Leaving a course, reaching the finish and being confirmed safely returned are distinct states.", "layers": [ { "id": "terrain-exposure", "name": "Terrain exposure", "description": "Relates navigational choices to current hazards and activity-specific limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "navigation-safety-constraints", "name": "Navigation safety constraints", "description": "Record hazards and instructions that constrain route choice or require stopping.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which terrain hazards, weather conditions or access restrictions currently constrain the course?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "navigation-safety-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "Under what observed conditions should this participant stop, withdraw or seek assistance?", "kind": "action", "id": "navigation-safety-constraints-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "return-accountability", "name": "Return accountability", "description": "Tracks check-in obligations and escalation when a participant has not returned.", "findings": [ { "id": "finish-retirement-and-overdue-status", "name": "Finish, retirement and overdue status", "description": "Record return confirmation independently of competitive completion, with deadlines and escalation responsibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and by when must participants report after finishing or retiring?", "kind": "definition", "id": "finish-retirement-and-overdue-status-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence confirms this participant has returned, and when was it recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "finish-retirement-and-overdue-status-q02" }, { "text": "Who initiates the prescribed response if the participant becomes overdue or unaccounted for?", "kind": "action", "id": "finish-retirement-and-overdue-status-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Foot orienteering (classic forest cross-country)", "Sprint orienteering (urban and park, high speed)", "Ski orienteering", "Mountain-bike orienteering", "Trail orienteering (precision formats including PreO and TempO)", "Night orienteering", "Score orienteering", "Relay orienteering" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q29358", "note": "Item for the sport of orienteering." }, { "scheme": "IOF discipline names", "value_or_pattern": "Foot-O | Sprint | Ski-O | MTB-O | Trail-O", "note": "Names used in IOF rules and event listings; not a numeric code." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "International Orienteering Federation (IOF) Competition Rules for Foot Orienteering (and parallel rule books for Ski-O, MTB-O, Trail-O)", "IOF ISOM - International Specification for Orienteering Maps", "IOF ISSprOM - International Specification for Sprint Orienteering Maps", "IOF International Specification for Control Descriptions", "World Anti-Doping Code (WADA), applied by IOF at international events", "National federation rules (e.g. British Orienteering Rules of Orienteering; Orienteering USA rules)", "Land-access law that actually permits the event (e.g. Swedish allemansrätten; England and Wales Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 where it applies)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Club and national league races from colour-coded novice courses to elite selection races", "World Orienteering Championships and World Cup (foot, sprint, ski, MTB, trail)", "Permanent park courses used for recreation and schools", "Military and emergency-service land-navigation training that borrows the map-and-control format", "Outdoor education and physical-education lessons", "Navigation legs inside adventure races and multi-sport events" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Course length (straight-line as printed)", "typical_range": "2.5-16", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Intended winning time (elite, by format)", "typical_range": "12-15 sprint; 30-35 middle; 70-100 long", "unit": "min" }, { "quantity": "Map scale", "typical_range": "1:4 000 (sprint) to 1:15 000 (long/forest)", "unit": "ratio" }, { "quantity": "Contour interval", "typical_range": "2-5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Controls on a single course", "typical_range": "8-35", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Course climb", "typical_range": "0-600", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mis-punch or missed control, which under IOF rules is disqualification", "Navigational error (parallel error, wrong path, loss of map contact) leading to large time loss or overtime retirement", "Ankle sprain, collision, and other running injuries on uneven ground", "Hypothermia, heat illness, and getting lost in remote or night terrain, occasionally requiring search", "Tick-borne disease in endemic forest districts", "Electronic punching failure or lost SI/Emit card treated as a result problem", "Land-access conflict or course that damages sensitive ground" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Finland) is the historical core: mass participation, school sport, and the Swedish/Norwegian name orientering", "German-speaking countries use Orientierungslauf (OL); French uses course d'orientation", "United Kingdom uses colour-coded technical grades (white through brown/black) under British Orienteering", "United States practice is thinner and club-centred (Orienteering USA), with less school embedding than in Nordic countries", "Australia and New Zealand run forest and bush events and are the origin of rogaining, which is organised separately", "Sprint and urban orienteering are especially prominent in dense European and East Asian cities" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Rogaining", "difference": "Rogaining is a long-distance team score event (typically 6-24 h) under the International Rogaining Federation; orienteering is usually individual, control-order or short score, and timed in tens of minutes to a few hours under IOF rules." }, { "name": "Cross-country running", "difference": "The course is marked or known in advance; orienteering requires independent map navigation to unseen controls." }, { "name": "Geocaching", "difference": "Geocaching is a GPS-led recreational hunt for hidden containers; orienteering forbids using a GPS for navigation in competition and races on a map to temporary flagged controls." }, { "name": "Military land navigation", "difference": "Same map-and-compass skill family, but military courses use service maps, different control marking, and operational rather than IOF sporting rules." }, { "name": "Amateur radio direction finding (ARDF / radio orienteering)", "difference": "Controls are found by radio bearing, not by reading a pre-printed course on an orienteering map; governed by IARU practice rather than IOF Foot-O rules." }, { "name": "Trail running", "difference": "Runners follow trails or a marked route; orienteers choose off-trail routes between controls and are scored by punching, not by a finish line alone." }, { "name": "Adventure racing", "difference": "A multi-discipline expedition (often teams, hours to days) that may include a navigation leg; orienteering is the single navigation discipline with its own map specification and punching." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of orienteering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to include trail orienteering and other formats centred on control identification rather than travelling to every control, and how should their task structures be represented?", "Which governing-body rules or local activity instructions should supply authoritative definitions for the disciplines and formats covered?", "What evidence and adjudication policies apply to virtual controls, device failures and disputed control placement in the intended deployments?", "How should team, relay and individual participation share this model while preserving responsibility for navigation, visits and return reporting?", "Which navigation assistance permissions and emergency exceptions apply to AI support during competition, training and recreation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a orienteering, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an orienteering activity, assess its navigational progress and validity, and identify appropriate next actions within its rules and safety constraints.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: biathlon orienteering, men's orienteering, women's orienteering, trail orienteering, mountain bike orienteering, night orienteering, ski orienteering, foot orienteering, middle distance (orienteering), long distance (orienteering), sprint orienteering, relay (orienteering).", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a orienteering, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "biathlon orienteering", "men's orienteering", "women's orienteering", "trail orienteering", "mountain bike orienteering", "night orienteering", "ski orienteering", "foot orienteering", "middle distance (orienteering)", "long distance (orienteering)", "sprint orienteering", "relay (orienteering)" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one orienteering from another, and a orienteering from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a orienteering sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a orienteering from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a orienteering passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a orienteering between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a orienteering, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a orienteering is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a orienteering proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a orienteering, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a orienteering and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a orienteering consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a orienteering takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What orienteering is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of orienteering are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is orienteering operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of orienteering and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of orienteering?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as orienteering?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a orienteering came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a orienteering and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a orienteering is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a orienteering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a orienteering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a orienteering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }