{ "card": { "schema": "https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0", "id": "vr.tr.saying", "code": "thing-q3026787", "url": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3026787/", "name": "saying", "alternateNames": [], "kind": "thing", "status": "research-draft", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "language": "en", "classifiers": { "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "", "entryKind": "", "plane": "", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "industry": [], "navPath": "", "tags": [], "facets": [] }, "whatItIs": "A short, commonly repeated expression that conveys an idea, observation or piece of advice, a broad category including proverbs, aphorisms, maxims, adages and idioms, with forms the registry aliases name such as the gnome, a short pithy statement of general truth in classical and wisdom literature, the Mahavakyas, the great sayings of the Upanishads such as Tat Tvam Asi, parting phrases such as farewells, anti-proverbs that twist familiar proverbs for humour, aphorisms and proverbs as a paired topic, and Putinisms, a collection of phrases associated with Vladimir Putin, which is a specific group rather than a kind and is presented neutrally. Sayings are studied in paremiology and folklore, and attributions of famous sayings are often mistaken, so sources are checked.", "purpose": "Let an agent explain sayings, relay kinds, cultural roles and study from folklore and linguistics sources, describe the named forms and flag the collection alias, check attributions, and distinguish sayings from quotations with known authors, idioms as non-literal phrases, slogans and catchphrases.", "scope": { "in": [], "out": [], "boundaries": [] }, "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Short and memorable", "Often anonymous", "Culturally transmitted", "Attribution errors common" ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a saying is.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a saying, and how does it differ from quotations, idioms, slogans and catchphrases?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the origin or author of a specific saying, which needs source checking?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are gnomes, Mahavakyas, parting phrases, anti-proverbs and Putinisms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific saying?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Paremiology.", "layers": [ { "id": "proverbs", "name": "Proverbs", "description": "Proverb studies.", "findings": [ { "id": "proverbs-finding", "name": "Proverbs", "description": "Proverbs.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do paremiologists such as Wolfgang Mieder define and collect proverbs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "anti", "name": "Anti-proverbs", "description": "Anti-proverbs.", "findings": [ { "id": "anti-finding", "name": "Anti-proverbs", "description": "Anti-proverbs.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do anti-proverbs play with familiar sayings?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "traditions", "name": "Traditions", "description": "Traditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "upanishads", "name": "Mahavakyas", "description": "Upanishadic sayings.", "findings": [ { "id": "upanishads-finding", "name": "Mahavakyas", "description": "Mahavakyas.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Vedanta schools interpret the Mahavakyas, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wisdom", "name": "Wisdom literature", "description": "Gnomic literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "wisdom-finding", "name": "Wisdom literature", "description": "Wisdom literature.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were gnomic sayings used in Greek and biblical wisdom literature?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits wisdom literature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "misattribution", "name": "Misattribution", "description": "Misattributed sayings.", "findings": [ { "id": "misattribution-finding", "name": "Misattribution", "description": "Misattribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why are sayings often misattributed to famous people, and how can origins be checked?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information accurate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "political", "name": "Political phrases", "description": "Political phrases.", "findings": [ { "id": "political-finding", "name": "Political phrases", "description": "Political phrases.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do media collect phrases of politicians such as Putinisms, presented neutrally with sources attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits political rhetoric?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "agentConduct": { "may": [ "explain kinds", "relay cultural roles", "describe named forms", "check attributions" ], "mustNot": [], "requiresHuman": [ "Quotations have known authors; idioms have non-literal meanings; slogans promote causes; catchphrases belong to characters or people" ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [], "affectedParties": [] }, "owners": { "steward": "", "roles": [], "masterSystems": [] }, "relations": [ { "target": "set phrase", "type": "related", "note": "in registry terms" }, { "target": "proverb", "type": "related" }, { "target": "Mahavakya", "type": "related" }, { "target": "quotation", "type": "related" } ], "interaction": { "identity": { "applicability": "required", "items": [] }, "properties": { "applicability": "not-applicable", "items": [ "paremiology: study of proverbs note", "Mahavakyas: 4 principal great sayings count - traditional list", "Erasmus Adagia: first edition 1500 note" ] }, "recognition": { "applicability": "optional", "items": [ "Short commonly repeated expression", "Putinisms, gnome, Mahavakyas, parting phrase, anti-proverb, aphorisms and proverbs", "Quotations have known authors; idioms have non-literal meanings; slogans promote causes; catchphrases belong to characters or people", "Not a physical object; spoken or written short expressions." ] }, "capabilities": { "applicability": "required", "items": [ "explain kinds", "relay cultural roles", "describe named forms", "check attributions" ] }, "hazards": { "applicability": "required", "items": [ "Misattributed quotations", "Partisan framing of political phrase collections", "Stereotyping cultures through proverbs" ] }, "interfaces": { "applicability": "required", "items": [ "Not applicable" ] }, "context": { "applicability": "required", "items": [ "Conveying shared wisdom, humour and social ritual.", "proverbs", "aphorisms and maxims", "gnomic sayings", "anti-proverbs", "formulaic farewells and greetings" ] } }, "sources": [], "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias Putinisms should be moved to a collection or topic entry", "Should the Mahavakyas be a separate entry?", "How should proverb databases be linked?", "Which entry fits the specific saying?", "Which entry fits wisdom literature?", "Which entry fits political rhetoric?" ], "resources": { "spec": "/models/things/publications/thing-q3026787/spec.json" }, "provenance": { "origin": "thing registry research (pass 2)", "builtFrom": [ "models/things/publications/thing-q3026787/spec.json" ], "providers": [ "Claude" ], "researchStatus": "unreviewed", "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:54:02Z", "builder": "tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0" }, "completeness": { "sections": { "classifiers": "filled", "whatItIs": "filled", "purpose": "filled", "distinguishingFeatures": "filled", "structure": "filled", "agentConduct": "derived", "ethics": "missing", "owners": "missing", "relations": "filled", "interaction.identity": "missing", "interaction.properties": "not-applicable", "interaction.recognition": "filled", "interaction.capabilities": "filled", "interaction.hazards": "filled", "interaction.interfaces": "filled", "interaction.context": "filled", "sources": "missing" }, "notes": { "agentConduct": "Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.", "interaction.properties": "Plane INF: no invented physical properties.", "sources": "Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified." }, "score": 0.719 } }, "model": { "rank": 18952, "code": "thing-q3026787", "model_id": "vr.tr.saying", "name": "saying", "purpose": "Let an agent explain sayings, relay kinds, cultural roles and study from folklore and linguistics sources, describe the named forms and flag the collection alias, check attributions, and distinguish sayings from quotations with known authors, idioms as non-literal phrases, slogans and catchphrases.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q3026787/", "tier": 2, "score": 29, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "putinisms", "gnome", "Mahāvākyas", "parting phrase", "anti-proverb", "aphorisms and proverbs", "popular saying", "legal doublet", "neti neti" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 29, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.saying", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q3026787", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3026787", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:54:02Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3026787", "registryId": "vr.tr.saying", "name": "saying", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3026787/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.saying", "name": "saying", "purpose": "Let an agent explain sayings, relay kinds, cultural roles and study from folklore and linguistics sources, describe the named forms and flag the collection alias, check attributions, and distinguish sayings from quotations with known authors, idioms as non-literal phrases, slogans and catchphrases.", "definition": "A short, commonly repeated expression that conveys an idea, observation or piece of advice, a broad category including proverbs, aphorisms, maxims, adages and idioms, with forms the registry aliases name such as the gnome, a short pithy statement of general truth in classical and wisdom literature, the Mahavakyas, the great sayings of the Upanishads such as Tat Tvam Asi, parting phrases such as farewells, anti-proverbs that twist familiar proverbs for humour, aphorisms and proverbs as a paired topic, and Putinisms, a collection of phrases associated with Vladimir Putin, which is a specific group rather than a kind and is presented neutrally. Sayings are studied in paremiology and folklore, and attributions of famous sayings are often mistaken, so sources are checked.", "what_it_is_for": "Conveying shared wisdom, humour and social ritual.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds", "relay cultural roles", "describe named forms", "check attributions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Short and memorable", "Often anonymous", "Culturally transmitted", "Attribution errors common" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; spoken or written short expressions.", "visual_identification": [ "Short commonly repeated expression", "Putinisms, gnome, Mahavakyas, parting phrase, anti-proverb, aphorisms and proverbs", "Quotations have known authors; idioms have non-literal meanings; slogans promote causes; catchphrases belong to characters or people" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "paremiology", "typical_range": "study of proverbs", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Mahavakyas", "typical_range": "4 principal great sayings", "unit": "count", "note": "traditional list" }, { "quantity": "Erasmus Adagia", "typical_range": "first edition 1500", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "proverbs", "aphorisms and maxims", "gnomic sayings", "anti-proverbs", "formulaic farewells and greetings" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "set phrase", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "proverb", "why": "" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "Mahavakya", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "quotation", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Not applicable" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misattributed quotations", "Partisan framing of political phrase collections", "Stereotyping cultures through proverbs" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a saying is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a saying, and how does it differ from quotations, idioms, slogans and catchphrases?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the origin or author of a specific saying, which needs source checking?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are gnomes, Mahavakyas, parting phrases, anti-proverbs and Putinisms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific saying?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Paremiology.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "proverbs", "name": "Proverbs", "description": "Proverb studies.", "findings": [ { "id": "proverbs-finding", "name": "Proverbs", "description": "Proverbs.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do paremiologists such as Wolfgang Mieder define and collect proverbs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "anti", "name": "Anti-proverbs", "description": "Anti-proverbs.", "findings": [ { "id": "anti-finding", "name": "Anti-proverbs", "description": "Anti-proverbs.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do anti-proverbs play with familiar sayings?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "traditions", "name": "Traditions", "description": "Traditions.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "upanishads", "name": "Mahavakyas", "description": "Upanishadic sayings.", "findings": [ { "id": "upanishads-finding", "name": "Mahavakyas", "description": "Mahavakyas.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Vedanta schools interpret the Mahavakyas, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wisdom", "name": "Wisdom literature", "description": "Gnomic literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "wisdom-finding", "name": "Wisdom literature", "description": "Wisdom literature.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were gnomic sayings used in Greek and biblical wisdom literature?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits wisdom literature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Attribution.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "misattribution", "name": "Misattribution", "description": "Misattributed sayings.", "findings": [ { "id": "misattribution-finding", "name": "Misattribution", "description": "Misattribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why are sayings often misattributed to famous people, and how can origins be checked?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information accurate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "political", "name": "Political phrases", "description": "Political phrases.", "findings": [ { "id": "political-finding", "name": "Political phrases", "description": "Political phrases.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do media collect phrases of politicians such as Putinisms, presented neutrally with sources attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits political rhetoric?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias Putinisms should be moved to a collection or topic entry", "Should the Mahavakyas be a separate entry?", "How should proverb databases be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a saying, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain sayings, relay kinds, cultural roles and study from folklore and linguistics sources, describe the named forms and flag the collection alias, check attributions, and distinguish sayings from quotations with known authors, idioms as non-literal phrases, slogans and catchphrases.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: putinisms, gnome, Mahāvākyas, parting phrase, anti-proverb, aphorisms and proverbs, popular saying, legal doublet, neti neti.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 29 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a saying, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "putinisms", "gnome", "Mahāvākyas", "parting phrase", "anti-proverb", "aphorisms and proverbs", "popular saying", "legal doublet", "neti neti" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 29 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one saying from another, and a saying from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a saying sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a saying from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a saying passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a saying between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a saying, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a saying is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a saying says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a saying contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a saying and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of saying a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For saying, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of saying exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made saying and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to saying, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in saying, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a saying came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a saying and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a saying is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a saying, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a saying, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a saying is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }