{ "model": { "rank": 6769, "code": "thing-q309038", "model_id": "vr.tr.barium-sulfate", "name": "barium sulfate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise barium sulfate, assess a specific material lot, and determine which handling, processing or application decisions its identity, grade and measured properties support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q309038/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 58, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q309038", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309038", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:28:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887f-085e-72e1-97ce-69225a6c58ac\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: barium sulfate\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887f-086b-77a1-9d24-b4a378629124\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: barium sulfate\nRegistry id: vr.tr.barium-sulfate\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q309038", "registryId": "vr.tr.barium-sulfate", "name": "barium sulfate", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q309038/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.barium-sulfate", "name": "barium sulfate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise barium sulfate, assess a specific material lot, and determine which handling, processing or application decisions its identity, grade and measured properties support.", "definition": "Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is a dense, sparingly water-soluble inorganic salt of barium and sulfate that occurs naturally as the mineral barite and is manufactured for industrial and pharmaceutical applications.", "scope_statement": "This model owns barium sulfate as the chemical substance BaSO4 and as characterised material lots, including composition, origin, particle properties, behaviour, grade and use constraints; it distinguishes the substance from barite-bearing ore and formulated products containing it.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and differentiation from other barium compounds and sulfate materials", "Natural or precipitated origin, processing history, purity and lot traceability", "Solid phase, particle morphology, size distribution and dispersion behaviour", "Condition-dependent solubility, thermal behaviour, density and X-ray attenuation", "Grade-specific qualification, exposure controls and applicable substance identifiers" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Geological deposits, mine operations and beneficiation plants", "Complete drilling-fluid, paint, polymer or pharmaceutical formulations", "Clinical diagnosis, patient selection, contrast administration and dosing", "Production equipment and manufacturing-process design", "Other barium compounds and their independent hazard profiles" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Confirm BaSO4 phase or chemical identity rather than treating detection of barium alone as sufficient identification.", "Distinguish low water solubility from the behaviour of soluble barium salts; test soluble barium impurities separately from total barium.", "Distinguish barium sulfate material from barite-bearing ore by measuring accompanying mineral phases and impurities.", "Distinguish a qualified pharmaceutical material from an industrial grade through specifications, impurity results and traceable release records rather than appearance.", "Distinguish the substance from a contrast suspension or composite by identifying excipients, carrier media and barium sulfate content." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Substance identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "BaSO4; verified CAS, PubChem and jurisdictional identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Prevents substitution of another barium compound or confusion between the substance and a product containing it." }, { "name": "Material origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Natural mineral-derived | precipitated | other documented route | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Origin informs which accompanying minerals, process residues and particle characteristics require investigation." }, { "name": "Barium sulfate assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, with analytical method and dry or as-received basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports grade comparison without assuming that total barium directly measures BaSO4 purity." }, { "name": "Extractable barium", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg or mg/L, with extraction medium, pH, temperature, duration and detection limit", "why_it_matters": "Separates potentially available barium from total barium bound in the material." }, { "name": "Accompanying substances", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % or mg/kg by identified impurity or mineral phase", "why_it_matters": "Associated minerals and process residues can determine suitability and handling requirements." }, { "name": "Particle size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm; distribution basis, method and dispersion protocol", "why_it_matters": "Particle size affects settling, dispersion, dust generation and application performance." }, { "name": "Density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m³ or g/cm³; true, bulk or tapped density explicitly identified", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes intrinsic material density from packing behaviour relevant to storage and formulation." }, { "name": "Surface condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Untreated | documented surface treatment | unknown; moisture and agglomeration recorded", "why_it_matters": "Surface treatment and storage condition influence wetting, dispersion and compatibility." }, { "name": "Conditional solubility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/L or mol/L with medium, pH, temperature and equilibration method", "why_it_matters": "Avoids interpreting low water solubility as zero dissolution under every condition." }, { "name": "Thermal behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C with atmosphere, pressure, method and event type", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a decomposition or reaction temperature from being recorded as a melting or boiling point." }, { "name": "Grade qualification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Lot linked to named specification, edition, test results and release status", "why_it_matters": "Makes suitability an evidenced relationship rather than an inference from the chemical name." }, { "name": "X-ray attenuation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass attenuation coefficient or defined comparative test, with photon energy and specimen conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports radiopacity assessment while separating substance properties from formulation performance." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a candidate material using complementary composition and phase evidence.", "Compare lots against an explicitly named industrial or pharmaceutical specification.", "Select particle, impurity and extraction tests appropriate to a proposed application.", "Assess wetting, settling and dispersion compatibility in a specified medium.", "Determine supported handling and storage controls from material form, impurities and applicable guidance.", "Flag unsupported substitutions between natural, precipitated, treated and pharmaceutical grades." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "chemical-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Chemical identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish whether the subject is BaSO4 material, an ore containing it or a formulated product.", "rationale": "The name barium sulfate alone does not establish phase identity, purity or the boundary of the material being assessed.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-and-phase", "name": "Composition and phase", "description": "Connect the chemical formula to analytical evidence for the material.", "findings": [ { "id": "confirmed-barium-sulfate", "name": "Confirmed barium sulfate", "description": "Record evidence that identifies BaSO4 rather than merely detecting barium or sulfate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which analytical results establish BaSO4 identity and distinguish it from other barium-bearing phases?", "kind": "definition", "id": "confirmed-barium-sulfate-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported assay measure BaSO4 directly, or infer it from elemental results under stated assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "confirmed-barium-sulfate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "registry-and-material-boundary", "name": "Registry and material boundary", "description": "Resolve substance identifiers and distinguish material from mixtures.", "findings": [ { "id": "identified-substance-versus-product", "name": "Identified substance versus product", "description": "Keep substance identity separate from supplier names, mineral feedstocks and formulated preparations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative records verify the CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers assigned to this substance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-substance-versus-product-q01" }, { "text": "Is the assessed item barium sulfate material, barite-bearing ore, surface-treated powder or a formulation with separately identified constituents?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identified-substance-versus-product-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-purity-and-grade", "name": "Origin, purity and grade", "description": "Characterise the lot's origin, accompanying substances and evidenced quality designation.", "rationale": "Natural and manufactured materials can share chemical identity while differing in impurities and qualification.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-impurity-profile", "name": "Origin and impurity profile", "description": "Relate source and processing history to measured composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-material-composition", "name": "Traceable material composition", "description": "Record source, processing route and lot-specific impurity evidence without presuming purity from origin.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this lot mineral-derived or precipitated, and which supplier records document purification and subsequent treatment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-material-composition-q01" }, { "text": "What are its BaSO4 assay, accompanying mineral phases and relevant trace contaminants on a stated reporting basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-material-composition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-release-evidence", "name": "Grade and release evidence", "description": "Tie claimed suitability to specifications and actual lot results.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-grade", "name": "Qualified grade", "description": "Treat industrial, reagent and pharmaceutical designations as claims requiring explicit supporting criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which named specification and edition define this lot's claimed grade, and who released it against those requirements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-grade-q01" }, { "text": "Which required results are missing or outside limits, preventing qualification for the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-grade-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "particles-and-physical-performance", "name": "Particles and physical performance", "description": "Describe the physical properties that control powder handling and performance in a medium.", "rationale": "BaSO4 assay alone cannot predict settling, dispersion, packing or radiopacity in use.", "layers": [ { "id": "particle-population", "name": "Particle population", "description": "Characterise particle dimensions, morphology and aggregation.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-particle-state", "name": "Measured particle state", "description": "Distinguish primary particles from agglomerates and identify the measurement basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle size distribution and morphology were measured, and does the method resolve primary particles or agglomerates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-particle-state-q01" }, { "text": "What surface treatment, moisture or storage-induced agglomeration changes the material's wetting and dispersibility?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-particle-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "density-dispersion-and-attenuation", "name": "Density, dispersion and attenuation", "description": "Connect physical measurements to explicitly defined application conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-performance", "name": "Conditioned performance", "description": "Record performance with enough specimen and medium information to avoid transferring results between unlike preparations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which true or bulk density and settling results apply to this lot, under what packing or suspension conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-performance-q01" }, { "text": "What X-ray attenuation evidence applies at the specified energy, loading and specimen thickness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolution-and-transformation", "name": "Dissolution and transformation", "description": "Establish how barium sulfate behaves in specified chemical and thermal environments.", "rationale": "Low water solubility does not establish universal chemical stability or eliminate the need to measure extractable impurities.", "layers": [ { "id": "solubility-and-extraction", "name": "Solubility and extraction", "description": "Separate dissolution of BaSO4 from release of more soluble accompanying substances.", "findings": [ { "id": "dissolved-barium-evidence", "name": "Dissolved barium evidence", "description": "Interpret dissolved barium results using extraction conditions and controls for suspended particles.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dissolved barium concentration is measured at the relevant pH, temperature, medium and contact time?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dissolved-barium-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How does the method distinguish dissolved species from suspended BaSO4 and distinguish matrix dissolution from soluble impurities?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dissolved-barium-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-and-reactive-conditions", "name": "Thermal and reactive conditions", "description": "Identify transformations relevant to processing or exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-transformation-limits", "name": "Supported transformation limits", "description": "Record observed thermal events and chemical transformations with their experimental conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reported thermal events are melting, decomposition or reaction, and under what atmosphere and pressure were they observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-transformation-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Could the proposed process convert BaSO4 into another barium compound, and what evidence establishes the resulting handling constraints?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-transformation-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-use-constraints", "name": "Exposure and use constraints", "description": "Connect the actual material form and qualification to handling and permitted applications.", "rationale": "Neither the hazards of soluble barium salts nor the acceptance of qualified contrast materials should be transferred automatically to every BaSO4 lot.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-specific-exposure", "name": "Form-specific exposure", "description": "Assess powder exposure and impurity contributions using applicable evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-exposure-controls", "name": "Applicable exposure controls", "description": "Determine controls from dust characteristics, soluble impurities and jurisdiction-specific requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current hazard classification and occupational exposure limits apply to this material and jurisdiction, including any distinction between soluble and insoluble barium compounds?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-exposure-controls-q01" }, { "text": "What dust-generation, respirable-fraction and impurity evidence determines containment and protective measures for the proposed operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-exposure-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-substitution", "name": "Application and substitution", "description": "Determine whether evidence supports a proposed material use or replacement.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-use-eligibility", "name": "Evidenced use eligibility", "description": "Keep substance-level suitability separate from finished-product qualification and clinical decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which grade, impurity, particle and traceability requirements must this material satisfy for the proposed application?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidenced-use-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Would substituting this lot change qualification or performance, and which decisions belong to the formulation or medical-product model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidenced-use-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.", "Check current standard editions, grade specifications, jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, and exposure limits before operational use.", "Thermal behavior and numerical solubility are omitted because their values and reporting conditions need verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Natural barite-derived material", "Precipitated barium sulfate, also called blanc fixe", "Pharmaceutical-grade barium sulfate", "Drilling-fluid-grade barite" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "7727-43-7", "note": "Identifies barium sulfate; does not specify grade or formulation." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "231-784-4", "note": "European inventory identifier for barium sulfate." }, { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "BaSO4", "note": "Specifies composition, not purity, particle size, or mineral provenance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, published by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, includes a Barium Sulfate monograph for pharmaceutical quality.", "API Specification 13A, issued by the American Petroleum Institute, includes specifications for barite used as a drilling-fluid material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Radiopaque ingredient in formulated contrast media for gastrointestinal X-ray examinations.", "Weighting material in drilling fluids.", "White filler or extender in paints, coatings, plastics, and rubber.", "Dense aggregate or filler in radiation-shielding materials." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "233.39", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Solid density", "typical_range": "Approximately 4.5 near room temperature; commercial grades vary with impurities", "unit": "g/cm³" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Contamination with soluble barium compounds can introduce toxicity that the low solubility of pure barium sulfate does not predict.", "Airborne dust can create an inhalation exposure; natural barite may also contain hazardous mineral impurities such as crystalline silica.", "Aspiration of a medical suspension can cause serious pulmonary complications.", "Leakage of gastrointestinal contrast suspension through a perforation can cause serious complications.", "Settling or agglomeration can make suspensions nonuniform and impair their intended performance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pharmaceutical grades and finished contrast products must satisfy the applicable jurisdiction's pharmacopoeial and medicinal-product requirements.", "Occupational dust limits and the treatment of impurities vary by jurisdiction.", "The mineral name appears as both barite and baryte in different naming traditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Barite", "difference": "Barite is the naturally occurring mineral species with ideal composition BaSO4; the substance name also includes synthetic material." }, { "name": "Barium chloride", "difference": "Contains chloride rather than sulfate and is substantially more water-soluble; its hazards cannot be transferred directly to barium sulfate." }, { "name": "Barium carbonate", "difference": "Contains carbonate rather than sulfate and reacts with acids, making its behavior and toxicity distinct." }, { "name": "Barium sulfate contrast suspension", "difference": "A formulated medical product containing barium sulfate plus a vehicle and potentially other ingredients, rather than the isolated substance." }, { "name": "Lithopone", "difference": "A pigment containing barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, rather than barium sulfate alone." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of barium sulfate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identity records should anchor the substance's CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers and its relationship to the mineral name barite?", "Which current specifications define the relevant industrial and pharmaceutical grades, particularly soluble barium and trace-contaminant limits?", "Which measured solubility and thermal data are reliable under relevant conditions, and do reported melting or boiling values actually describe decomposition or reaction?", "Which current hazard classifications and exposure limits apply in the target jurisdictions, with what treatment of dust, soluble impurities and accompanying minerals?", "Which application-specific particle, dispersion and attenuation tests are needed before treating two barium sulfate lots as interchangeable?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a barium sulfate, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise barium sulfate, assess a specific material lot, and determine which handling, processing or application decisions its identity, grade and measured properties support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a barium sulfate, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one barium sulfate from another, and a barium sulfate from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a barium sulfate sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a barium sulfate from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a barium sulfate is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a barium sulfate is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a barium sulfate is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a barium sulfate is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a barium sulfate is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a barium sulfate is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a barium sulfate passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a barium sulfate between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a barium sulfate, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a barium sulfate is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a barium sulfate and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a barium sulfate is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a barium sulfate performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a barium sulfate.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a barium sulfate at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a barium sulfate there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What barium sulfate is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name barium sulfate unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of barium sulfate exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How barium sulfate behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of barium sulfate, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is barium sulfate incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How barium sulfate can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is barium sulfate classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover barium sulfate, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a barium sulfate came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a barium sulfate and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a barium sulfate is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a barium sulfate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a barium sulfate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a barium sulfate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }