{ "model": { "rank": 6538, "code": "thing-q313600", "model_id": "vr.tr.still-camera", "name": "still camera", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a still camera, assess its ability to make and retain photographs, and determine which capture, configuration, maintenance or transfer actions are supported.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q313600/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Mars Color Imager", "Mars Orbiter Camera", "Pancam", "view camera", "X-ray camera", "Canonet", "Semflex cameras", "Leica I A camera", "rollfilm camera", "Praktica FX", "Nikon S2", "Nikon 35Ti", "Praktica IV", "Kodak Retina", "folding camera", "analog camera", "Rolleiflex", "miniature camera", "Minolta Hi-Matic", "Praktica PLC3", "Nikon FDX-35", "Agfa Standard", "110 film camera", "Praktica B 100", "Praktica LTL3", "Praktica BC 1", "Praktica BX 20", "Praktica B 200", "Praktica DTL3", "Photheo 19/1318", "Kiev 35A", "Leica Standard", "Smena 19", "Smena 2", "Smena 3", "Smena 35", "Smena 4", "Smena 5", "Smena 6", "Smena 7" ], "aliasCount": 52, "merged": 52, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q313600", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313600", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:13:00Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0070584, "turns": 1, "seconds": 114.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c69-eee4-7e73-a9a5-04969be330e0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: still camera\nRegistry id: vr.tr.still-camera\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q313600", "registryId": "vr.tr.still-camera", "name": "still camera", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q313600/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.still-camera", "name": "still camera", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a still camera, assess its ability to make and retain photographs, and determine which capture, configuration, maintenance or transfer actions are supported.", "definition": "A still camera is an optical-mechanical or optoelectronic instrument that records a discrete two-dimensional image of a scene, one exposure at a time, by focusing light onto a photosensitive medium (film, plate, or electronic image sensor), as distinct from apparatus whose primary function is continuous motion-picture or video recording.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the physical still camera as an image-forming and photograph-recording device, including its installed configuration, capture controls, recording path and operational condition; it distinguishes body capabilities from those supplied by attached components.", "in_scope": [ "Identification as a dedicated still camera, including film, digital and instant configurations", "Installed lens or other image-forming arrangement, recording medium and compatible interfaces", "Framing, focus, exposure and still-image capture capabilities", "Readiness to expose, record and retain the next photograph", "Camera-specific faults, handling constraints and supported maintenance", "On-device review and supported removal or transfer of recorded photographs" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General-purpose phones and computers that contain camera subsystems", "Independent models of detachable lenses, flashes, batteries and memory cards", "Photographs as creative works, information records or evidence", "Film development, scanning, printing and external image-editing workflows", "Studio lighting systems, supports and remote-control infrastructure", "Photographer identity, photographic assignments and permission to photograph subjects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "It is designed as a dedicated photographic device whose intended outputs include individually recorded still exposures; a phone with a camera remains a general-purpose host device.", "It provides an image-forming path and a recording plane or sensor, or is a camera body designed to complete that path with an attached lens; a standalone lens does not qualify.", "Its capture process retains an exposure on a physical or electronic recording medium; an optical viewfinder or projector alone does not.", "Individual photograph capture is an intended operating function, rather than merely extracting frames later from a recorded video stream; hybrid still/video cameras require an explicit classification boundary." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Recording technology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "digital sensor, photographic film, instant photographic medium, other documented technology", "why_it_matters": "Determines the recording sequence, readiness checks and handling required to preserve photographs." }, { "name": "Installed imaging configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "body linked to installed lens or image-forming assembly and recording medium", "why_it_matters": "Separates what the body supports from what the assembled camera can currently do." }, { "name": "Active recording area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "width × height in mm, with active crop or frame format identified", "why_it_matters": "Helps establish lens coverage and the field of view of the current configuration." }, { "name": "Effective focal length configuration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "actual focal length or adjustable range in mm; unknown or not applicable where appropriate", "why_it_matters": "Supports framing decisions when interpreted with recording area and lens configuration." }, { "name": "Focus capability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "fixed focus, manual focus, autofocus or supported combinations, with available modes", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether and how the camera can place the intended subject in focus." }, { "name": "Exposure control envelope", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented shutter-time, aperture and sensitivity settings, dependencies and automatic modes", "why_it_matters": "Shows which exposure decisions are available with the installed lens and recording medium." }, { "name": "Capture readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready, ready with limitations, blocked, unknown; record the reason", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes apparent power or mechanical operation from ability to retain the next exposure." }, { "name": "Remaining recording capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "estimated exposures at stated settings; remaining bytes where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about capture continuity and replacement of recording media." }, { "name": "Image-path condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed obstruction, contamination, damage, light leakage or no detected defect, with inspection method", "why_it_matters": "Identifies faults that may spoil photographs even when the camera releases normally." }, { "name": "Capture and retrieval interfaces", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented local controls, remote-release interfaces, data-transfer interfaces and medium-removal methods", "why_it_matters": "Determines how an agent may operate the camera and retrieve recorded material." } ], "affordances": [ "Assemble a compatible lens, recording medium and power configuration where the camera supports replacement.", "Frame a subject and set supported focus and exposure controls.", "Trigger an individual exposure or a supported sequence and check whether recording completed.", "Inspect capture readiness and diagnose camera-specific recording or image-quality faults.", "Review or transfer digital photographs, or remove exposed physical media using the appropriate handling sequence.", "Perform documented user maintenance and place the camera in a suitable transport or storage state." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iso-12232-2019", "title": "ISO 12232:2019 Photography - Digital still cameras - Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity and recommended exposure index", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/73758.html", "what_it_supports": "Defines the digital-still-camera class and the exposure-index / ISO-speed quantities used to rate those cameras.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "iso-12231-2012", "title": "ISO 12231:2012 Photography - Electronic still picture imaging - Vocabulary", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/54548.html", "what_it_supports": "Standard vocabulary that treats the electronic still-picture camera as a distinct imaging instrument.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "cipa-dc-008-exif", "title": "CIPA DC-008 / JEITA CP-3451 Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: Exif", "url": "https://www.cipa.jp/std/format_e.html", "what_it_supports": "Industry file-metadata standard that names the product class 'digital still camera' and encodes make, model, exposure, and lens data.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "hs-9006", "title": "Harmonized System heading 9006 - Photographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs", "url": "https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx", "what_it_supports": "Customs nomenclature that legally separates still photographic cameras from cinematographic cameras (heading 9007).", "url_status": "unverified" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "photographic-identity-and-configuration", "name": "Photographic identity and configuration", "description": "Establishes what constitutes this camera and which photographic capabilities belong to its present assembly.", "rationale": "A camera body, a complete fixed-lens camera and a host device containing a camera must not be treated as interchangeable objects.", "layers": [ { "id": "device-boundary", "name": "Device boundary", "description": "Identifies the camera and its relationship to adjacent device classes.", "findings": [ { "id": "still-camera-membership", "name": "Still-camera membership", "description": "Records evidence that the item is a dedicated still camera or a body intended to become one through compatible assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "What intended photographic function identifies this item as a still camera?", "kind": "definition", "id": "still-camera-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Is the registered object a complete camera, a camera body or a camera subsystem belonging to another device?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "still-camera-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "installed-photographic-assembly", "name": "Installed photographic assembly", "description": "Distinguishes supported configurations from the components actually fitted.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-lens-medium-compatibility", "name": "Body, lens and medium compatibility", "description": "Records the installed image-forming arrangement and recording medium, including restrictions introduced by adapters or incomplete coupling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which lens or image-forming assembly and recording medium are currently installed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "body-lens-medium-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "What documentation or observed operation establishes compatibility, including image coverage and control coupling?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "body-lens-medium-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "framing-focus-and-exposure", "name": "Framing, focus and exposure", "description": "Describes how the camera selects the recorded scene and controls its exposure.", "rationale": "An agent needs to know whether the intended subject can be framed, focused and exposed with the current configuration.", "layers": [ { "id": "scene-selection", "name": "Scene selection", "description": "Connects framing and focus aids to the image actually recorded.", "findings": [ { "id": "framing-and-focus-correspondence", "name": "Framing and focus correspondence", "description": "Records available viewing and focusing methods and known differences between their indications and the recorded frame.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which framing and focus methods are available with the installed lens?", "kind": "definition", "id": "framing-and-focus-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "What observed or documented coverage, parallax or focus-alignment limitations affect correspondence with the recorded photograph?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "framing-and-focus-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-control", "name": "Exposure control", "description": "Captures usable exposure settings and dependencies among shutter, aperture, sensitivity and illumination.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-exposure-settings", "name": "Usable exposure settings", "description": "Records which exposure parameters are fixed, manually adjustable or automatic, and any mode-dependent restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which shutter times, apertures and sensitivity settings are usable with this lens and recording medium?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-exposure-settings-q01" }, { "text": "How can an agent set or lock exposure, and what shutter-mode or flash-synchronisation restrictions apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-exposure-settings-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "capture-and-recording-lifecycle", "name": "Capture and recording lifecycle", "description": "Tracks the transition from readiness through exposure to retention and retrieval of a photograph.", "rationale": "Releasing the shutter does not by itself establish that a usable photograph was retained.", "layers": [ { "id": "next-exposure-readiness", "name": "Next-exposure readiness", "description": "Identifies the conditions required to expose and record the next frame.", "findings": [ { "id": "release-and-recording-preconditions", "name": "Release and recording preconditions", "description": "Records applicable power, shutter-cocking, film-advance, medium-capacity, buffer and interlock conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which power, mechanical, medium and interlock conditions currently permit or block the next exposure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "release-and-recording-preconditions-q01" }, { "text": "What supported action makes the camera ready without sacrificing an existing exposure?", "kind": "action", "id": "release-and-recording-preconditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-and-retrieval", "name": "Retention and retrieval", "description": "Distinguishes exposure completion, successful recording and safe access to the result.", "findings": [ { "id": "recording-completion-and-safe-access", "name": "Recording completion and safe access", "description": "Records available completion evidence and the sequence for review, transfer or removal of exposed media.", "questions": [ { "text": "What indication or inspection supports that the exposure was retained, and what remains unverifiable until later processing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recording-completion-and-safe-access-q01" }, { "text": "What sequence permits review, transfer or medium removal without interrupting writing or exposing light-sensitive material?", "kind": "action", "id": "recording-completion-and-safe-access-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "photographic-condition-and-care", "name": "Photographic condition and care", "description": "Assesses faults and handling constraints that affect photographic operation or preservation of the camera.", "rationale": "A camera can appear operational while optical, timing or light-sealing defects compromise its output.", "layers": [ { "id": "image-affecting-condition", "name": "Image-affecting condition", "description": "Connects observed symptoms to the imaging path and exposure mechanism without assuming an unverified cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "photographic-fault-evidence", "name": "Photographic fault evidence", "description": "Records inspection and test-exposure evidence for contamination, light leakage, focus error and exposure irregularity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspections or test exposures reveal obstructions, contamination, light leaks, focus errors or uneven exposure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "photographic-fault-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which symptoms are attributable to the camera body, and which remain unresolved between lens, medium, settings or later processing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "photographic-fault-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-maintenance", "name": "Handling and maintenance", "description": "Defines supported care actions and camera-specific limits on exposure to operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-care-and-operating-envelope", "name": "Permitted care and operating envelope", "description": "Records documented operating limits and user-serviceable procedures for sensitive imaging and recording components.", "questions": [ { "text": "What model-specific evidence establishes environmental limits and restrictions on handling the shutter, sensor, film gate or seals?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-care-and-operating-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which cleaning, component-change and storage actions are documented for the user, and which conditions require service?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-care-and-operating-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "compact / point-and-shoot (fixed or limited-zoom lens, automatic exposure)", "bridge / superzoom (non-interchangeable long zoom, SLR-like body)", "digital single-lens reflex (DSLR)", "mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera (MILC)", "rangefinder (coupled or uncoupled, film or digital)", "medium-format (film backs or digital, roughly 6×4.5 to 6×9 cm class)", "large-format / view camera (sheet film or digital back, typically 4×5 inch and larger)", "instant (integral or peel-apart self-developing film)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q15328 (camera); Q52943 (digital camera)", "note": "Q15328 is the generic camera item; digital still cameras are typically typed as Q52943." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (WCO)", "value_or_pattern": "9006 (photographic cameras other than cinematographic); 9006.40 (instant print); 9006.51-9006.53 (cameras with a through-the-lens viewfinder / other, by film width)", "note": "National tariff splits under 9006 vary; cinematographic cameras are 9007." }, { "scheme": "CIPA / JEITA product class", "value_or_pattern": "Digital Still Camera (DSC); DCF (Design rule for Camera File system) directory DCIM", "note": "Trade and file-system designation used in shipment statistics and on-card layout." }, { "scheme": "GTIN / EAN / UPC", "value_or_pattern": "13- or 12-digit product GTIN on the retail SKU", "note": "Identifies a specific manufactured model and kit, not the class." }, { "scheme": "Exif Make / Model", "value_or_pattern": "TIFF/Exif tags 0x010F (Make) and 0x0110 (Model)", "note": "De facto instance identifier written into every JPEG/TIFF from a DSC." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 12232:2019 - ISO speed, SOS and REI for digital still cameras (ISO)", "ISO 12233 - resolution and spatial frequency response of electronic still-picture cameras (ISO)", "ISO 15739 - noise measurements for electronic still-picture imaging (ISO)", "ISO 12231 - vocabulary for electronic still picture imaging (ISO)", "ISO 518 - camera accessory (hot) shoes (ISO)", "ISO 1222 - tripod connections / bushing (ISO)", "CIPA DC-008 / JEITA CP-3451 - Exif for digital still cameras (CIPA / JEITA)", "CIPA DC-001 - Design rule for Camera File system, DCF (CIPA)", "CIPA DC-002 / successor battery-life measurement procedure for DSCs (CIPA)", "IEC 62368-1 - AV/ICT equipment safety, covering most current digital cameras (IEC; adopted as EN/UL 62368-1)", "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, subsection 38.3, and IATA/IMDG lithium-battery transport rules for camera packs (UN, IATA, IMO)", "EU Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU and FCC 47 CFR Part 15 - wireless (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth) cameras (European Commission; FCC)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Photojournalism, documentary and event coverage with interchangeable-lens DSLRs or mirrorless bodies.", "Studio and commercial stills (product, fashion, architecture) on tripod-mounted medium- or large-format systems.", "Amateur and family still photography with compact, bridge, instant, and phone-adjacent dedicated cameras.", "Scientific, industrial and forensic still capture (microscopy adapters, evidence photography, machine-vision stills) where a single exposure is the record.", "Motion-picture and television production stills: a dedicated stills photographer works beside cinema cameras.", "Aerial, survey and photogrammetric still frames from metric or mapping cameras (often treated as a specialised still-camera subclass).", "Retail and customs: imported as HS 9006 goods, reported in CIPA digital-still-camera shipment statistics." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "focal length of taking lens", "typical_range": "8-600 (fixed or zoom; medium/large format often 50-300)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "maximum aperture (f-number)", "typical_range": "0.95-8 at wide end of consumer and professional taking lenses", "unit": "dimensionless (f/N)" }, { "quantity": "photosensitive format (sensor or film frame diagonal)", "typical_range": "~6 (1/2.3 in compact) to 43 (35 mm full frame) to ~70-150 (medium/large format)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "effective pixel count (digital)", "typical_range": "12-150", "unit": "megapixel" }, { "quantity": "ISO speed / exposure index", "typical_range": "50-102400 (native often 100-25600)", "unit": "ISO arithmetic speed" }, { "quantity": "shutter-speed range", "typical_range": "1/8000-30, plus bulb; leaf shutters often 1/500-1 s", "unit": "s" }, { "quantity": "body mass (body only, typical interchangeable-lens)", "typical_range": "250-1500", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "spatial resolving power (lens-film or lens-sensor)", "typical_range": "30-150 on film; digital limited by sampling and AA filter", "unit": "lp/mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mechanical shutter or aperture-blade failure; stuck or inaccurate speeds.", "Light leaks and fogging on film bodies (degraded foam, worn felt, cracked bellows).", "Sensor dust, stuck/hot pixels, and microlens/cover-glass fungus or haze.", "Sun or laser damage to the image sensor or shutter curtain (especially at long focal lengths).", "Lithium-ion pack swelling, thermal runaway, and fire in use, charging, or air transport.", "High-voltage flash-capacitor shock during repair of units with built-in or accessory flash.", "Card or firmware corruption producing silent loss of exposures.", "Overheating and thermal throttling on high-resolution live-view/mirrorless bodies.", "Privacy, consent and airspace offences from still photography in restricted places; some jurisdictions regulate camera use more tightly than possession." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English production usage: 'still camera' / 'stills camera' is the term used on film and TV sets to distinguish the photographer's camera from the motion-picture camera; consumer English usually just says 'camera'.", "CIPA/JEITA (Japan) official product class is 'digital still camera' (DSC); shipment statistics still use that phrase after the compact-camera market collapsed in favour of smartphones.", "German 'Kamera' and French 'appareil photo' commonly mean a still camera; a cine camera is named separately (Filmkamera, caméra de cinéma).", "Instant photography remains a distinct retail category in Japan, South Korea and parts of Europe (Fujifilm instax, Polaroid) more than in professional markets.", "Large-format sheet-film practice is concentrated in art, architecture and some survey work; 120/220 roll-film and 35 mm film stills persist as a specialist/analogue market rather than a regional default.", "HS 9006 national splits (instant, through-the-lens viewfinder, film width) are applied differently in EU TARIC, US HTS and Japanese tariff schedules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "cinematographic / movie camera", "difference": "Primary function is a timed sequence of frames at a stated frame rate (HS 9007; cinema or high-end digital motion cameras). A still camera's primary record is one exposure per actuation, even if the body can also shoot short video." }, { "name": "video camcorder / ENG camera", "difference": "Designed around continuous video recording, audio, and (historically) tape or video codecs as the main output; stills, if present, are a secondary grab." }, { "name": "smartphone (with camera module)", "difference": "General-purpose computing handset whose camera is a subsystem; not classified or traded as a photographic camera (not HS 9006) and not a CIPA DSC for shipment counts." }, { "name": "webcam / conferencing camera", "difference": "Tethered or networked live-image device with no standalone exposure-making workflow (no independent shutter-priority stills archive as the product purpose)." }, { "name": "document / film scanner", "difference": "Captures an already two-dimensional original by scanning in time, not a scene through a taking lens in a single photographic exposure." }, { "name": "action camera (video-primary)", "difference": "Wearable/rugged devices are sold and used chiefly as video recorders; a still-capable action cam is still classed with video unless the product's primary specified function is single-frame stills." }, { "name": "photographic lens (interchangeable)", "difference": "An optic only; the camera is the body that holds the sensitive medium, shutter (or electronic shutter), and exposure controls." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of still camera this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Where does the registry place hybrid still/video cameras, machine-vision cameras and camera modules relative to this entry?", "Should incomplete camera bodies be instances of this thing with an assembly state, or belong to a neighbouring registered concept?", "Which film, instant, digital and specialist camera variants require additional layers beyond this shared structure?", "What minimum inspection or test-exposure evidence is sufficient to judge photographic readiness when recorded results cannot be reviewed immediately?", "How should model-specific manuals and service information establish condition thresholds without treating nominal specifications as verified performance?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a still camera, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a still camera, assess its ability to make and retain photographs, and determine which capture, configuration, maintenance or transfer actions are supported.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Mars Color Imager, Mars Orbiter Camera, Pancam, view camera, X-ray camera, Canonet, Semflex cameras, Leica I A camera, rollfilm camera, Praktica FX, Nikon S2, Nikon 35Ti.", "52 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a still camera, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Mars Color Imager", "Mars Orbiter Camera", "Pancam", "view camera", "X-ray camera", "Canonet", "Semflex cameras", "Leica I A camera", "rollfilm camera", "Praktica FX", "Nikon S2", "Nikon 35Ti" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 52 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one still camera from another, and a still camera from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a still camera sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a still camera from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a still camera is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a still camera is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a still camera is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a still camera is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a still camera is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a still camera is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a still camera passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a still camera between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a still camera, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a still camera is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What still camera is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does still camera perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise still camera, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How still camera is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does still camera have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does still camera need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about still camera is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about still camera hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern still camera, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a still camera came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a still camera and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a still camera is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a still camera, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a still camera, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a still camera is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }