{ "model": { "rank": 10832, "code": "thing-q3177899", "model_id": "vr.tr.bowling", "name": "bowling", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the bowling family of games and their rules, describe regional forms with attribution, support playing and following competitions, and describe history.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q3177899/", "tier": 2, "score": 43, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "basque bowls", "table skittles", "Asturian bowling", "kilhou koz", "Catalan bowling", "Muël bowling", "quilles de 9 du pays de Fougères", "quilles du Poher", "quilles de Marsac", "quilles de Mauron", "quilles de Minez Bibon", "quilles de Plougastel-Daoulas", "quilles de Plounéour-Trez", "quilles de Pomeleuc", "quilles de Trébédan", "quilles de trois", "Quilles du Léon", "quilles du pays Bigouden et Cap Sizun", "quilles du pays Glazig", "quilles du Trégor", "jeu de Quistinic", "quilles à lancer droit", "quilles avec petit talus", "Kilhoù Koz Bro Bagan", "Bilac bowling", "jeu de quilles au maillet", "eight-pin bowling", "candlepin bowling", "Duckpin bowling", "Five-pin bowling", "Bolos leoneses", "nine-pin bowling", "Turkey bowling", "skittles", "Dablot duoljesne", "Cartagenero bowls" ], "aliasCount": 36, "merged": 36, "knownIn": 43, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.bowling", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q3177899", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3177899", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:42:35Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3177899", "registryId": "vr.tr.bowling", "name": "bowling", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3177899/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bowling", "name": "bowling", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the bowling family of games and their rules, describe regional forms with attribution, support playing and following competitions, and describe history.", "definition": "A family of games of skill in which a ball is rolled or thrown to knock down pins or approach a target, including ten-pin bowling, nine-pin and skittles, lawn bowls, petanque and boules, and regional forms such as Basque bowls, Asturian and Catalan bowling, Breton kilhou koz and table skittles; bowling games are played recreationally and competitively worldwide, with codified rules, dedicated venues and federations.", "what_it_is_for": "Games of rolling balls at pins or targets.", "affordances": [ "explain games and rules", "describe regional forms", "support playing and competitions", "describe history" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Rolling or throwing", "Pins or targets", "Regional variety", "Federation rules" ], "appearance": "Balls rolled on lanes, greens or grounds toward pins or targets.", "visual_identification": [ "Ball rolled or thrown at pins or target", "Ten-pin, skittles, lawn bowls, boules and regional forms", "Bowling in cricket is a different sense" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "ten-pin bowling", "nine-pin bowling and skittles", "lawn bowls", "petanque and boules", "regional bowling games such as Basque, Asturian, Catalan and Breton forms" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "game of skill", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "throwing sport", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "ball", "why": "the balls used" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "hockey", "why": "another sport family entry" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Federation rules for each bowling game", "Equipment and lane standards", "Venue safety rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing the many bowling games", "Injuries from heavy balls", "Loss of regional traditions" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "The bowling family.", "rationale": "Definitions.", "layers": [ { "id": "games", "name": "Games", "description": "Games and rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "games-finding", "name": "Games", "description": "Games.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do ten-pin, nine-pin, skittles, lawn bowls and boules differ in rules and equipment?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the pin or target game, or bowling in cricket, meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional", "name": "Regional", "description": "Regional forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-finding", "name": "Regional", "description": "Regional.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are Basque bowls, Asturian and Catalan bowling, kilhou koz and table skittles, described in the terms of their communities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "play", "name": "Play", "description": "Playing bowling.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "start", "name": "Start", "description": "Getting started.", "findings": [ { "id": "start-finding", "name": "Start", "description": "Starting.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone start playing a bowling game, and where are venues and clubs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific venue type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "technique", "name": "Technique", "description": "Technique and scoring.", "findings": [ { "id": "technique-finding", "name": "Technique", "description": "Technique.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are balls delivered and games scored in this bowling game?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which safety practices apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compete", "name": "Compete", "description": "Competitions.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "competitions", "name": "Competitions", "description": "Competitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "competitions-finding", "name": "Competitions", "description": "Competitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the major competitions and federations for bowling games?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific competition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Olympic and world status.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the international status of bowling sports, including World Games and Olympic bids?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of bowling.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did bowling games develop from ancient and medieval games to modern sports?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of games?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Bowling in culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "What social and cultural roles do bowling games play in communities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each game be a separate entry?", "How should federations be linked?", "How should regional traditions be documented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bowling, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the bowling family of games and their rules, describe regional forms with attribution, support playing and following competitions, and describe history.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: basque bowls, table skittles, Asturian bowling, kilhou koz, Catalan bowling, Muël bowling, quilles de 9 du pays de Fougères, quilles du Poher, quilles de Marsac, quilles de Mauron, quilles de Minez Bibon, quilles de Plougastel-Daoulas.", "36 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bowling, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "basque bowls", "table skittles", "Asturian bowling", "kilhou koz", "Catalan bowling", "Muël bowling", "quilles de 9 du pays de Fougères", "quilles du Poher", "quilles de Marsac", "quilles de Mauron", "quilles de Minez Bibon", "quilles de Plougastel-Daoulas" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 36 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bowling from another, and a bowling from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bowling sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bowling from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bowling passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bowling between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bowling, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bowling is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bowling is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bowling are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bowling operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bowling and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bowling?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bowling?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bowling came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bowling and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bowling is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bowling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bowling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bowling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }