{ "model": { "rank": 4933, "code": "thing-q3236003", "model_id": "vr.tr.hardness", "name": "hardness", "purpose": "Let an agent explain hardness and its measurement, relay the main scales and their applicability from materials science references, describe wood, rubber and coating hardness tests, and distinguish hardness from strength, toughness, stiffness and water hardness.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q3236003/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "wood hardness", "Shore hardness", "scratch hardness", "indentation hardness", "Persoz hardness" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.hardness", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q3236003", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236003", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T14:18:22Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3236003", "registryId": "vr.tr.hardness", "name": "hardness", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3236003/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.hardness", "name": "hardness", "purpose": "Let an agent explain hardness and its measurement, relay the main scales and their applicability from materials science references, describe wood, rubber and coating hardness tests, and distinguish hardness from strength, toughness, stiffness and water hardness.", "definition": "The resistance of a material to localised plastic deformation such as indentation, scratching or abrasion, measured by scratch hardness on the Mohs scale, by indentation hardness on the Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell and Knoop scales, by Shore durometer for rubbers and plastics, by pendulum tests such as Persoz hardness for coatings, and by Janka tests for wood hardness; hardness is an intensive property used in materials selection and quality control.", "what_it_is_for": "Characterising resistance to deformation.", "affordances": [ "explain the property", "relay scales and tests", "describe material-specific tests", "distinguish related properties" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intensive property", "Many scales", "Material-specific tests", "Correlates with strength" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a measured property.", "visual_identification": [ "Resistance to indentation and scratching", "Mohs, Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell, Shore, Persoz, Janka wood hardness", "Strength resists fracture; toughness absorbs energy; stiffness resists elastic deformation; water hardness is mineral content" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Mohs scale", "typical_range": "1 to 10", "unit": "range", "note": "talc to diamond" }, { "quantity": "Vickers hardness of steel", "typical_range": "about 100-900", "unit": "HV", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Shore scales", "typical_range": "A and D among others", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Janka hardness of oak", "typical_range": "about 5000-6000", "unit": "N", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "scratch hardness such as Mohs", "indentation hardness such as Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell and Knoop", "rebound hardness such as Leeb", "Shore durometer hardness for elastomers", "pendulum hardness such as Persoz and Konig for coatings", "wood hardness such as Janka" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "intensive quantity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is measured by", "target": "hardness test", "why": "on several scales" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "toughness", "why": "energy absorption" }, { "relation": "is exemplified by", "target": "Mohs scale", "why": "for minerals" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO and ASTM hardness test standards", "Calibration standards for hardness testers" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Comparing values across incompatible scales", "Confusing hardness with strength or toughness", "Registry aliases naming specific tests" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What hardness is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is hardness, and how does it differ from strength, toughness, stiffness and water hardness?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the property, a scale, a material or a test?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scales", "name": "Scales", "description": "Scales.", "findings": [ { "id": "scales-finding", "name": "Scales", "description": "Scales.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are scratch, indentation, rebound, Shore, Persoz and Janka hardness?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific scale?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measure", "name": "Measure", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "tests", "name": "Tests", "description": "Tests.", "findings": [ { "id": "tests-finding", "name": "Tests", "description": "Tests.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are hardness tests performed, and how are results reported?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion", "name": "Conversion", "description": "Conversion.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-finding", "name": "Conversion", "description": "Conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are hardness values converted between scales, and what are the limits?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "materials", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "metals", "name": "Metals", "description": "Metals and ceramics.", "findings": [ { "id": "metals-finding", "name": "Metals", "description": "Metals.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is hardness used in metallurgy, heat treatment and ceramics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits heat treating?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "soft", "name": "Soft", "description": "Polymers, coatings and wood.", "findings": [ { "id": "soft-finding", "name": "Soft", "description": "Soft.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are Shore, Persoz and Janka tests used for rubbers, coatings and wood?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Janka hardness test?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Science and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Physics of hardness.", "findings": [ { "id": "science-finding", "name": "Science", "description": "Science.", "questions": [ { "text": "What determines hardness at the atomic and microstructural level?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits materials science?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Mohs, Brinell and others develop hardness testing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of materials testing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Mohs, Vickers and Shore be separate primary entries?", "How should materials science references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific tests; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a hardness, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain hardness and its measurement, relay the main scales and their applicability from materials science references, describe wood, rubber and coating hardness tests, and distinguish hardness from strength, toughness, stiffness and water hardness.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: wood hardness, Shore hardness, scratch hardness, indentation hardness, Persoz hardness.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a hardness, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "wood hardness", "Shore hardness", "scratch hardness", "indentation hardness", "Persoz hardness" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one hardness from another, and a hardness from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a hardness sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a hardness from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a hardness passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a hardness between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a hardness, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a hardness is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What hardness is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of hardness are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is hardness operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of hardness and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of hardness?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as hardness?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a hardness came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a hardness and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a hardness is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a hardness, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a hardness, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a hardness is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }