furylfuramide
Enable an agent to identify furylfuramide, assess the condition and evidential reliability of a sample, and determine which proposed uses require restriction or further verification.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
6 bundles · 11 layers · 17 findings · 27 questions
Furylfuramide identity Resolve the registered substance across AF-2 aliases, structural records and isomer descriptions.
Structure and identifiers
Establish the molecular structure represented by each identifier.
Identifier concordance
Record whether names and database identifiers resolve to the same substituted acrylamide structure.
- Which authoritative records connect furylfuramide, AF-2 and CAS 3688-53-7 to an explicit molecular structure? definition
- Which PubChem CID and EC identifier, if any, match that structure and its stereochemical scope? provenance
Isomers and formulations
Separate molecular geometry from product composition without creating unsupported registry subdivisions.
Identity boundaries
Make explicit whether a record describes an assigned isomer, unspecified material or a formulation containing AF-2.
- How do historical cis/trans names map to structure-based E/Z assignments in the records being compared? definition
- Does a Tofuron or AF-2-labelled record describe furylfuramide itself or a preparation with a stated active fraction? boundary
Sample quality and stability Describe the actual material used to generate analytical or biological evidence.
Composition and grade
Assess the documented content and intended evidential use of a sample.
Sample composition
Record assay purity separately from isomer proportions, residual solvents and other detected components.
- What fraction of the sample is analytically assigned to furylfuramide, and on what measurement basis? measurement
- Which certificate or batch record supports the grade, isomer composition and impurity assignments? provenance
Physical state and integrity
Connect physical-property evidence and storage conditions to continued sample suitability.
Condition-dependent suitability
Require measured thermal, solubility and stability information rather than assuming a labelled sample remains unchanged.
- What melting, decomposition and solvent-specific solubility measurements are supported for the documented furylfuramide material? measurement
- What evidence establishes acceptable storage and solution-use periods under the sample's light, temperature and solvent conditions? action
Analytical recognition Establish when an analytical signal supports furylfuramide identity and concentration.
Selective identification
Assess evidence that an observed component is furylfuramide.
Identity confirmation
Connect chromatographic or spectroscopic observations to a documented reference material.
- Which reference-matched chromatographic and spectral observations confirm furylfuramide in this sample? measurement
- Can the method distinguish relevant isomers, other nitrofurans and potential transformation products? boundary
Matrix-specific quantification
Interpret measured content in solutions, food matrices or other sampled materials.
Quantification fitness
Retain calibration, recovery and uncertainty evidence needed for the intended decision.
- What recovery, selectivity, detection limit and quantification limit were demonstrated for furylfuramide in this matrix? measurement
- Does the reported result distinguish quantified furylfuramide, detection below the quantification limit and non-detection? definition
Biological effects evidence Organize antimicrobial and adverse-effect findings without erasing experimental context.
Antimicrobial function
Describe antimicrobial activity only within supported test conditions.
Activity context
Connect an observed antimicrobial endpoint to the organism, medium and measured exposure.
- Which original studies establish furylfuramide activity against specified organisms at stated concentrations and exposure times? provenance
- How were dissolved concentration, solvent effects and loss of active material controlled in those measurements? measurement
Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity
Separate assay observations, animal evidence and conclusions about human hazard.
Endpoint-specific evidence
Preserve biological system, activation conditions, dose and evidential limits for each adverse-effect finding.
- Which furylfuramide mutagenicity findings depend on bacterial strain, metabolic activation or other assay conditions? provenance
- What animal and human evidence supports each carcinogenicity conclusion, and which extrapolations remain unresolved? boundary
Use restrictions and handling Connect proposed activities to dated regulatory evidence and material-specific controls.
Jurisdictional use status
Resolve restrictions by territory, date and intended use.
Permitted activity
Distinguish food-additive status from conditions governing analytical standards and research reagents.
- Which current primary legal instruments govern furylfuramide in the jurisdiction and use category under consideration? provenance
- Does the proposed activity satisfy those instruments, including any applicable concentration or residue provisions? action
Exposure and material disposition
Determine appropriate controls for the documented material form and activity.
Handling decision
Link sample concentration, physical form and supporting hazard documentation to handling and disposal decisions.
- Which applicable GHS classifications and occupational exposure limits are documented for furylfuramide, and which remain unverified? provenance
- What containment, storage and waste route are supported for this furylfuramide solid, solution or contaminated matrix? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of furylfuramide this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide
What it is Filled
Furylfuramide, also known as AF-2, is a synthetic nitrofuran antibacterial compound formerly used as a food preservative and known for its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in experimental animals.
In scope
- Molecular identity, synonyms, identifiers and geometric-isomer specification
- Purity, grade, impurities and composition of furylfuramide samples
- Physical properties, phase and stability under recorded conditions
- Detection and quantification in reference materials and relevant matrices
- Antimicrobial, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity evidence with experimental context
- Jurisdiction-specific restrictions and conditions for handling or research use
Out of scope
- Complete composition and performance of food products containing furylfuramide
- Manufacturing processes and synthesis equipment
- Other nitrofuran compounds as independently modelled substances
- Complete biological assay protocols and laboratory management
- Individual exposure histories, diagnoses and treatment
- Regulatory institutions and legislation beyond their specific application to furylfuramide
Why it exists Filled
Enable an agent to identify furylfuramide, assess the condition and evidential reliability of a sample, and determine which proposed uses require restriction or further verification.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Match the identity to 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, also called AF-2, with CAS 3688-53-7; an acronym alone is insufficient identification. [IARC monograph](https://publications.iarc.who.int/_publications/media/download/1579/6ee2bb2945de9540565266115886424ec5396608.pdf)
- Verify the two furan rings, nitro substituent and substituted acrylamide connectivity rather than accepting a generic nitrofuran classification; IARC reports formula C11H8N2O5 and molecular mass approximately 248.2 g/mol. [IARC monograph](https://publications.iarc.who.int/_publications/media/download/1579/6ee2bb2945de9540565266115886424ec5396608.pdf)
- Require an explicit structure or isomer assignment when comparing cis/trans or E/Z-labelled records; matching names or elemental formulas do not by themselves establish identical stereochemical scope.
- Distinguish the substance from a commercial formulation: IARC describes Tofuron as a product containing 2% AF-2, so a trade-name match does not establish a pure furylfuramide sample. [IARC monograph](https://publications.iarc.who.int/_publications/media/download/1579/6ee2bb2945de9540565266115886424ec5396608.pdf)
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Recommend adding it to food or using it as a preservative.
- Downplay its mutagenic and carcinogenic findings.
- Help anyone obtain or use it outside a supervised research setting.
- Dispose of it outside the site's hazardous waste process.
Only with a human decision
- Approving its use in any new research involving animals or people.
May
- Explain the history of furylfuramide as a food preservative and why it was withdrawn, from reliable sources.
- Report its hazard information from a safety data sheet when a laboratory holds it.
- Support research and education on chemical food safety regulation.
Moral aspects Filled
- It was added to food for years before its mutagenicity was recognised; the case shaped food additive safety.
- Public trust in food safety depends on honest disclosure of past mistakes.
Who is affected
- Consumers
- Laboratory workers
- Research animals
Owners Filled
Steward
The laboratory that holds a sample; food safety authorities answer for its ban in food.
Master systems
- Chemical inventories and safety data sheet systems
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q11173 - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.furylfuramide
- Wikidata: Q3267971 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267971)
Direct properties required Filled
- Chemical identity and identifier agreement: Registry id vr.tr.furylfuramide; structure-linked CAS, PubChem CID and EC identifiers with source and stereochemical scope
- Geometric-isomer specification: Structure-assigned E or Z; documented mixture; unspecified
- Assay purity and impurity profile: Mass fraction or percent with assay method, basis, uncertainty and separately identified impurities
- Material grade: Certified reference material; analytical standard; research reagent; technical material; unspecified
- Phase and thermal behaviour: Phase at stated temperature and pressure; melting interval in °C; boiling or decomposition observations with conditions
- Solubility and solution condition: mg/L or mol/L with solvent, temperature, pH where applicable and equilibration method
- Sample integrity: Within documented specification; altered; expired; unverified, supported by storage history and reassay
- Furylfuramide concentration in a matrix: mg/kg, µg/kg, mg/L or mol/L with matrix, recovery, uncertainty, detection limit and quantification limit
- Biological evidence context: Endpoint linked to test system, strain or species, dose, duration, activation conditions and source
- Hazard and use status: Authority-specific classification, GHS statement, exposure limit or use restriction with jurisdiction, effective date and source; unknown when unverified
Recognition required Filled
- A container label naming furylfuramide and its synonym AF-2 provides a documentary identification cue rather than visual proof of its contents.
- A matching lot identifier on the container and analytical certificate distinguishes a documented sample from an unidentified material.
- Colour and physical form alone cannot reliably distinguish furylfuramide from other chemical substances.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Reconcile a supplier record or sample label against a structure-linked furylfuramide identity.
- Select a suitable reference standard and assess whether a method can distinguish furylfuramide from related compounds and sample impurities.
- Evaluate whether a stored solid or solution remains suitable for its documented analytical or research purpose.
- Compare biological results using actual substance content, isomer specification and assay conditions.
- Interpret a residue measurement using matrix-specific method performance and uncertainty.
- Check a proposed use against current jurisdiction-specific restrictions and documented handling requirements.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Mutagenic and carcinogenic in experimental animals.
- Exposure in the laboratory needs controls for suspected carcinogens.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), United Nations.
Context of use required Filled
- Furylfuramide is encountered in historical food preservation records and research on chemical mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.
- Analytical and toxicological laboratories may use identified reference material to investigate its occurrence or biological effects.
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q3267971: furylfuramide - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Furylfuramide - general description of the item
Open questions
- Does the registry intend a specific geometric isomer or the substance without stereochemical restriction, and how should conflicting historical isomer labels be reconciled?
- Which structure-matched PubChem CID and EC identifier can be verified without conflating isomer-specific and unspecified records?
- What reliable measurements establish melting or decomposition behaviour, solvent-specific solubility and stability of documented furylfuramide grades?
- Which analytical methods adequately resolve furylfuramide from relevant isomers and transformation products in the intended matrices?
- What current jurisdiction-specific use restrictions, GHS classifications and exposure limits apply, and where does authoritative documentation remain absent?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q3267971/spec.json