independent politician
Let an agent explain independent politicians and their status, relay electoral rules, traditions and research from political science sources with attribution, describe labelled and factional forms, and distinguish independents from party rebels, non-partisan offices and crossbenchers.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain independent politicians and their status, relay electoral rules, traditions and research from political science sources with attribution, describe labelled and factional forms, and distinguish independents from party rebels, non-partisan offices and crossbenchers.
A politician who is not affiliated with any political party, standing as an individual candidate or sitting as an unaffiliated member of a legislature, sometimes grouped in a single-member or technical faction, or labelled by tendency as Independent Conservative, Independent Liberal or the French Independant, with distinct traditions in countries such as Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom; independents may have left a party, been expelled or never joined, and their influence varies with electoral systems.
What it is for: Not applicable; a political category.
It can be explain the status; relay rules and traditions; describe labelled forms; distinguish related categories.
Distinguishing features
No party affiliation
Individual candidacy
Varied origins
System-dependent influence
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a politician without party affiliation.
Physical character
Irish Dail independents: often over 15 count - recent elections
US Senate independents: 2 to 4 count - recent decades
ballot access: varies by country note
How it is recognised
Politician with no party affiliation
Independent candidates and members, single factions, Independent Conservatives and Liberals, Independants
Party rebels remain members; non-partisan offices bar parties; crossbenchers are a parliamentary seating group
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms, when elected
is a kind of - in registry terms, as a single faction
is contrasted with - affiliation
In practice
Families and kinds
independent candidates
independent members of parliament
former party members sitting as independents
labelled independents such as Independent Conservative and Independent Liberal
single or technical factions of independents
independents in Canada, Ireland, the UK and elsewhere
Standards and regulation
Electoral laws on ballot access and nomination for independents
Parliamentary rules on speaking time and committee places for independents
Campaign finance rules
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing independents with party rebels or crossbenchers
Stale affiliation information
Partisan framing
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What an independent politician is.
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is an independent politician, and how does the status differ from party rebels, non-partisan offices and crossbenchers? definition
- Is the question about independents in general, a country, a labelled form or a specific person? boundary
Forms
Forms.
Forms
Forms.
- What are labelled independents, single factions and independents who left or were expelled from parties? definition
- Which entry fits the specific form? action
Rules Rules and systems.
Regulation.
Electoral
Electoral rules.
Electoral
Electoral.
- How do electoral systems and ballot access rules affect independents, in general terms? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Parliament
In parliament.
Parliament
Parliament.
- How do parliaments treat independents in speaking rights, committees and groupings? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Countries Traditions.
Attribution.
Traditions
National traditions.
Traditions
Traditions.
- How do independents fare in Canada, Ireland, the UK, the US and elsewhere, with research attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific country? action
Influence
Influence.
Influence
Influence.
- When do independents hold the balance of power, with cases attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral? boundary
Context History and debate.
Context.
History
History.
History
History.
- How have independents figured in parliamentary history before and after mass parties? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of political parties? action
Debate
Debates.
Debate
Debate.
- What debates exist about independents, accountability and party systems, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits party system? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should independent candidate and technical group be separate entries?
- How should political science sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming labelled independents and national contexts; should they be split off?