dominoes
Enable an agent to recognise physical domino tiles and sets, assess their completeness and usability, and determine suitable handling, play, or arrangement actions.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to recognise physical domino tiles and sets, assess their completeness and usability, and determine suitable handling, play, or arrangement actions.
Dominoes are reusable gaming tiles, typically rectangular and marked on one face with two fields of spots or other symbols, whose paired values determine their use in matching, scoring and related games.
It can be Read and catalogue both face fields while preserving uncertainty about obscured markings.; Compare a collection with its declared inventory and identify missing or excess tile identities.; Sort and match tiles by their face values or symbols.; Assess and perform shuffling, concealed drawing, or rack placement appropriate to the tiles.; Test standing and toppling arrangements on a specified surface.; Select compatible replacements and appropriate cleaning or storage actions from observed construction and condition..
Distinguishing features
A conventional playing domino is a discrete tile whose face has two identifiable fields; record each field separately, including an intentionally blank field.
For conventional numbered dominoes, tile identity is the pair of end values, with reversed orientation normally representing the same identity.
Domino set membership depends on a declared family of face pairs, distinguishing a set from an arbitrary collection of marked blocks.
Two-field pairing distinguishes conventional dominoes from single-field numbered tiles, while a rigid tile body distinguishes them from playing cards.
Unmarked pieces sold for domino toppling require an explicit boundary decision: toppling capability alone does not identify a playing domino.
Scope
+ Individual domino tiles with two distinguishable face fields and their markings
+ Physical sets and the relationship between their intended and observed tile inventories
+ Tile dimensions, materials, face readability, and back distinguishability
+ Suitability for shuffling, drawing, matching, standing, and toppling
+ Wear, damage, replacement compatibility, and storage of domino tiles
- Rules, scoring systems, and strategies of particular domino games
- Players, tournaments, clubs, and gambling arrangements
- Software implementations and virtual domino tiles
- Abstract domino tilings and mathematical domino objects
- The figurative domino effect and general models of cascading failure
Characteristics
- Object level
- individual tile | set | mixed collection Prevents confusing a tile's properties with inventory or completeness properties of a set.
- Domino family
- declared numbered family | other marked family | unmarked toppling piece | unresolved Determines how face identity and expected set composition should be interpreted.
- Face-field identities
- two recorded field values or symbols; distinguish blank, unreadable, and unknown Supports tile recognition and matching without treating damage or missing observations as a blank value.
- Tile dimensions
- length × width × thickness in mm Affects grip, rack fit, replacement compatibility, and the ability to stand tiles on edge.
- Tile mass
- g per tile Helps assess handling consistency and differences that may affect drawing or toppling.
- Material and surface construction
- observed or documented body material, coating, inlay, and marking method; unknown permitted Guides cleaning and identifies likely differences in friction, durability, and replacement suitability.
- Inventory against declared set
- complete | missing identities | excess multiplicities | mixed families | reference inventory unknown Makes completeness relative to a known set specification rather than an assumed tile count.
- Concealed identity integrity
- no observed identifying differences | potentially distinguishable | clearly distinguishable | unassessed Backs, edges, wear, or replacement tiles may reveal identities during concealed drawing.
- Physical condition
- intact | worn markings | chipped | cracked | warped | surface residue | multiple conditions Separates cosmetic wear from defects affecting recognition, handling, or continued use.
- Set membership
- tile belongs to an identified physical set, with original or replacement status where known Preserves provenance when tiles are mixed, replaced, or returned to storage.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 15 findings · 23 questions.
Tile identity and markings Recognise domino tiles through their paired face fields and interpret markings without assuming every family uses the same notation.
An agent must identify the physical tile and its face pair before it can inventory, match, or evaluate it.
Physical sense and family
Establish whether the object is a playing domino and which marking family it follows.
Domino identification
Record the observed two-field structure and evidence for the declared domino family; keep uncertain or unmarked cases explicit.
- Does the object have two distinguishable face fields, and what evidence identifies it as a domino tile? definition
- Is this a marked playing tile, an unmarked toppling piece, or an object whose inclusion remains unresolved? boundary
Face-pair interpretation
Capture the two end identities and any notation needed to read them.
End values and orientation
Record each field as observed, distinguish intentional blanks from unreadable fields, and establish whether orientation affects identity.
- What value or symbol appears in each field, and is any apparently blank field actually obscured or worn? measurement
- Does this tile family treat the reversed face pair as the same tile identity? definition
Set composition and membership Relate the physical inventory to a declared domino family and preserve tile membership when collections are mixed.
A collection can contain usable individual dominoes while still being incomplete or unsuitable as a particular set.
Expected inventory
Establish which face pairs and multiplicities the intended set should contain.
Declared set reference
Use an identified set specification to define completeness; do not assume that every domino family includes every possible pair exactly once.
- Which packaging, maker record, or documented set convention establishes the intended face pairs and their multiplicities? provenance
- What range of values or symbols and which pair combinations belong to this declared set? definition
Observed inventory
Compare counted tile identities with the reference and identify mixed or replacement pieces.
Inventory reconciliation
Record missing pairs, excess multiplicities, unreadable tiles, and uncertain membership separately.
- How many tiles of each face-pair identity are present, and how does that compare with the declared inventory? measurement
- Which tiles should be returned, replaced, or kept separate to restore the intended set? action
Handling and arrangement Assess the physical properties that support domino-specific drawing, placement, standing, and toppling.
Correct markings and inventory do not establish that tiles can be handled consistently or used in the intended arrangement.
Concealed handling
Evaluate face-down mixing and drawing, including whether physical differences reveal tile identity.
Draw and concealment suitability
Inspect backs, edges, dimensions, and wear for differences that affect mixing or allow particular tiles to be recognised.
- Can any tile be identified from its back, edges, thickness, or distinctive damage while its face is hidden? measurement
- Can these tiles be mixed and drawn on the intended surface without sticking, catching, or exposing their faces? action
Standing and toppling
Assess edge-standing stability and propagation through an arranged sequence under stated conditions.
Arrangement feasibility
Treat standing and toppling performance as dependent on tile geometry, spacing, orientation, and supporting surface.
- What are the tile dimensions and mass, and on which edge and surface can each tile stand reliably? measurement
- What tested spacing and orientation allow one falling tile to topple the next in the intended arrangement? action
Condition and set preservation Assess defects and care actions that affect face recognition, consistent handling, and retention of a usable set.
Wear or an unsuitable repair can change a tile's identity cues and handling properties even when it remains physically present.
Damage and readability
Inspect the face fields and tile body for defects that affect matching, concealed use, or handling.
Use-affecting defects
Distinguish worn pips or symbols, identifying surface damage, unstable edges, and fractures when judging suitability for a particular use.
- Are both face fields unambiguous, and do chips, cracks, or warping affect grip or edge-standing? measurement
- Should the tile remain in use, be restricted to a particular activity, or be removed pending repair or replacement? action
Care and replacement
Preserve markings and material integrity while maintaining set consistency.
Compatible care and parts
Base cleaning on known construction and assess replacement tiles against both face identity and concealed physical appearance.
- What evidence establishes the tile material, marking method, and any maker-provided cleaning guidance? provenance
- Will the proposed cleaning, repair, or replacement preserve readable face fields and sufficiently consistent backs, edges, and dimensions? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The physical gaming-tile sense is inferred from PHY.OBJ; the name also denotes games played with those tiles.
- Set counts given here apply to complete conventional Western sets; Chinese and specialty sets use different compositions.
- Dimensions, materials and applicable toy-safety requirements depend on the product, intended age group and jurisdiction.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Double-six sets
- Double-nine sets
- Double-twelve sets
- Chinese domino sets
- Picture domino sets
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Playing matching and blocking games
- Playing scoring games
- Teaching counting, matching and elementary arithmetic
- Building sequences of upright tiles for chain-reaction toppling
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Tile count in a complete Western double-six set - 28 - tiles
- Tile count in a complete Western double-nine set - 55 - tiles
- Tile count in a complete Western double-twelve set - 91 - tiles
- Spot value per field in a double-six set - 0-6 - spots
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Missing or duplicated tiles can invalidate the intended composition of a set.
- Worn markings can make values difficult to distinguish.
- Distinctive scratches or damaged backs can reveal concealed tiles.
- Chipped or broken tiles may develop sharp edges.
- Small tiles or broken pieces can present a choking hazard to young children.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Western sets generally include blank fields and one tile for each unordered pair of values within the set's range.
- Traditional Chinese sets generally use values from one to six, duplicate selected combinations and distinguish civil and military tiles.
- Preferred set sizes, game rules and scoring conventions vary among playing communities.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Domino games - Games are rule-governed activities; this entry covers the physical tiles used to play them.
- Dice - Dice are rolled to select an outcome from their faces; domino tiles carry fixed paired values used through selection and placement.
- Mahjong tiles - Mahjong tiles belong to a different equipment system with suits and honour categories rather than the paired fields characteristic of dominoes.
- Domino effect - The domino effect is a chain-reaction concept named after falling tiles, rather than the physical gaming objects.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of dominoes this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the registry intend dominoes to cover only marked playing tiles, or also unmarked pieces manufactured specifically for toppling?
- Which domino families must this entry accommodate, and what authoritative references establish their face-pair inventories and multiplicities?
- Which nonnumeric or specialised tile families require identity rules beyond an unordered pair of end values?
- What measured tolerances for dimensions, mass, and back appearance are appropriate for assessing replacement compatibility in different uses?
- Which material-specific care guidance and product safety requirements apply to the actual sets encountered?