{ "model": { "rank": 6282, "code": "thing-q329618", "model_id": "vr.tr.german-colonial-empire", "name": "German colonial empire", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the German colonial empire, its territories and history with scholarly attribution, describe colonial administration and violence including the Herero and Nama genocide, present memory and restitution debates neutrally, and route to entries for specific colonies.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q329618/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Kapitaï and Koba", "German protectorates in the South Pacific", "Wituland" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q329618", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329618", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:20:51Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q329618", "registryId": "vr.tr.german-colonial-empire", "name": "German colonial empire", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q329618/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.german-colonial-empire", "name": "German colonial empire", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the German colonial empire, its territories and history with scholarly attribution, describe colonial administration and violence including the Herero and Nama genocide, present memory and restitution debates neutrally, and route to entries for specific colonies.", "definition": "The overseas territories held by the German Empire from 1884 to 1919, comprising German South West Africa, German East Africa, Kamerun and Togoland in Africa, German New Guinea, Samoa and other protectorates in the South Pacific, the Kiautschou lease in China, and short-lived claims such as Wituland and Kapitai and Koba in West Africa, acquired through treaties, companies and conquest and lost after the First World War under the Treaty of Versailles; the empire is remembered for colonial violence including the genocide of the Herero and Nama, and for ongoing debates on memory and restitution.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a historical entity.", "affordances": [ "explain territories and history", "relay scholarship with attribution", "present memory debates neutrally", "route to specific colonies" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Late colonial entry", "African and Pacific holdings", "Loss after 1919", "Genocide and memory debates" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; historical territories on maps.", "visual_identification": [ "German overseas colonies 1884 to 1919", "South West Africa, East Africa, Kamerun, Togoland, New Guinea, Samoa, Kiautschou, Wituland, Kapitai and Koba", "Later German expansion in Europe is a separate history; the Holy Roman Empire had no overseas colonies" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "period", "typical_range": "1884-1919", "unit": "years", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "area at peak", "typical_range": "about 2.9", "unit": "million km^2", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Herero and Nama genocide", "typical_range": "1904-1908", "unit": "period", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "African colonies: German South West Africa, German East Africa, Kamerun, Togoland", "Pacific protectorates: German New Guinea, Samoa, Micronesian islands", "Kiautschou Bay leased territory in China", "short-lived claims such as Wituland and Kapitai and Koba", "colonial companies and administration", "post-1919 mandates and colonial revisionism" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "historical region", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "was held by", "target": "German Empire", "why": "from 1884" }, { "relation": "ended under", "target": "Treaty of Versailles", "why": "in 1919" }, { "relation": "included", "target": "German South West Africa", "why": "site of the Herero and Nama genocide" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations mandates", "Germany 2021 recognition of the Herero and Nama genocide and agreement with Namibia", "Restitution frameworks for colonial-era collections" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Minimising colonial violence", "Presenting memory and restitution debates as settled", "Confusing with later German expansion" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What the empire was.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Territories.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What territories made up the German colonial empire, and how were they acquired?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the overseas empire, a specific colony or later German expansion?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "administration", "name": "Administration", "description": "Administration.", "findings": [ { "id": "administration-finding", "name": "Administration", "description": "Administration.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were the colonies administered through companies, governors and the Colonial Office?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific colony?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "rise", "name": "Rise", "description": "Acquisition and rule.", "findings": [ { "id": "rise-finding", "name": "Rise", "description": "Rise.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Germany acquire colonies from 1884, including claims such as Wituland and Kapitai and Koba, as historians describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "loss", "name": "Loss", "description": "War and loss.", "findings": [ { "id": "loss-finding", "name": "Loss", "description": "Loss.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were the colonies conquered in the First World War and distributed as mandates?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "violence", "name": "Violence", "description": "Colonial violence and memory.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "genocide", "name": "Genocide", "description": "Herero and Nama genocide.", "findings": [ { "id": "genocide-finding", "name": "Genocide", "description": "Genocide.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened in the Herero and Nama genocide and the Maji Maji war, as historians and the 2021 German-Namibian agreement describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation accurate, attributed and respectful of victims?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "memory", "name": "Memory", "description": "Memory and restitution.", "findings": [ { "id": "memory-finding", "name": "Memory", "description": "Memory.", "questions": [ { "text": "What debates surround recognition, reparations and restitution of remains and objects, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Legacy.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "legacy", "name": "Legacy", "description": "Legacy in former colonies.", "findings": [ { "id": "legacy-finding", "name": "Legacy", "description": "Legacy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What legacies of German rule persist in Namibia, Tanzania, Cameroon, Togo, Samoa and elsewhere?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific country history?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "germany", "name": "Germany", "description": "Legacy in Germany.", "findings": [ { "id": "germany-finding", "name": "Germany", "description": "Germany.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the colonial past remembered in German museums, street names and politics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits German colonial memory?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the Herero and Nama genocide and individual colonies be separate primary entries?", "How should scholarly and official sources be linked with attribution?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming minor claims; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a German colonial empire, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the German colonial empire, its territories and history with scholarly attribution, describe colonial administration and violence including the Herero and Nama genocide, present memory and restitution debates neutrally, and route to entries for specific colonies.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Kapitaï and Koba, German protectorates in the South Pacific, Wituland.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a German colonial empire, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Kapitaï and Koba", "German protectorates in the South Pacific", "Wituland" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one German colonial empire from another, and a German colonial empire from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a German colonial empire sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a German colonial empire from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a German colonial empire is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a German colonial empire is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a German colonial empire is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a German colonial empire is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a German colonial empire is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a German colonial empire is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a German colonial empire passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a German colonial empire between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a German colonial empire, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a German colonial empire is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a German colonial empire and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a German colonial empire is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a German colonial empire performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a German colonial empire.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a German colonial empire at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where German colonial empire is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes German colonial empire, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is German colonial empire known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What German colonial empire sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain German colonial empire, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use German colonial empire, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a German colonial empire came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a German colonial empire and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a German colonial empire is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a German colonial empire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a German colonial empire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a German colonial empire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }