{ "model": { "rank": 1221, "code": "thing-q33057", "model_id": "vr.tr.international-standard-book-number", "name": "International Standard Book Number", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an ISBN, assess evidence for its assignment to a publication product, and decide whether to match, retain, correct or refer it for authoritative review.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q33057/", "tier": 2, "score": 167, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "e-book: Lecture Notes Information Theory" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 167, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q33057", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33057", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:00:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b85-add9-7230-a0b0-36efb161e61d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: International Standard Book Number\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 210 things:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b85-ad18-7d60-9d2a-48b680e616f2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: International Standard Book Number\nRegistry id: vr.tr.international-standard-book-number\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none rec" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q33057", "registryId": "vr.tr.international-standard-book-number", "name": "International Standard Book Number", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q33057/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.international-standard-book-number", "name": "International Standard Book Number", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an ISBN, assess evidence for its assignment to a publication product, and decide whether to match, retain, correct or refer it for authoritative review.", "definition": "The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a standardized identifier assigned to a particular edition and product format of a monographic publication issued by a particular publisher, rather than to its abstract work or an individual copy.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the International Standard Book Number as a governed bibliographic identifier for registry entry vr.tr.international-standard-book-number in INF / INF.MED, including its representations, assignment evidence and publication referent; it adds identification rules to the broader concept of number.", "in_scope": [ "ISBN representations, normalization and validation", "Registration-group, registrant and publication-element interpretation", "Evidence connecting an ISBN to a particular publication product", "Edition, language and format boundaries relevant to assignment", "Legacy equivalence, conflicting uses and correction decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Numbers as mathematical quantities and arithmetic objects", "Complete descriptions of works, expressions, manifestations and individual copies", "Copyright ownership, licensing and permission to reproduce content", "Full models of publishers, registration agencies and their organizations", "Barcode graphics, retail inventory and pricing", "Other identifier systems, including ISSN, ISMN and DOI" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Functions as an assigned identifier rather than a quantity: adding or ordering ISBN values has no bibliographic meaning.", "Identifies a specific publication product rather than an abstract work or an individual copy. Title, edition and format are material to its referent. [International ISBN Agency](https://www.isbn-international.org/index.php/content/what-isbn/10)", "Requires separate assessments of structural validity and evidenced assignment; a successful check-digit test alone cannot establish the publication referent.", "Can be represented as text or encoded in a barcode; the graphic carrier is distinct from the identifier.", "Supports legacy equivalence only where defined: an ISBN-13 beginning with 979 has no ISBN-10 equivalent. [Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/programs/preassigned-control-number/isbn-converter/)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Observed and normalized representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Original transcription; normalized identifier string; ISBN-10, ISBN-13 or unrecognized", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison while preserving evidence of transcription errors and meaningful leading zeros." }, { "name": "Validation assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Separate syntax, checksum and allocation-range results: pass, fail or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a mechanically valid string from being treated as a verified assignment." }, { "name": "Registration interpretation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Parsed elements linked to dated registration-range evidence and registrant records", "why_it_matters": "Makes segmentation and publisher attribution reviewable." }, { "name": "Publication referent", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Publication product with recorded title, edition, language, format and set or component role", "why_it_matters": "Supports matching at the correct bibliographic level." }, { "name": "Assignment evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unverified, supported, conflicting or authoritatively corrected", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent may rely on the ISBN in a catalogue or transaction." }, { "name": "Equivalent representation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified ISBN-10/ISBN-13 counterpart, no counterpart or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents legacy representations from creating duplicate publication records." }, { "name": "Evidence observation date", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Calendar date or timestamp", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes current metadata from older assertions and corrections." } ], "affordances": [ "Normalize an observed ISBN while retaining its original transcription.", "Validate syntax, check digit and range interpretation independently.", "Resolve an ISBN against attributed publication metadata and compare candidate matches.", "Convert eligible legacy representations and record verified equivalence.", "Assess whether a proposed publication change needs assignment review.", "Flag conflicting uses and prepare an evidence-backed correction request." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "isbn-representation", "name": "ISBN representation", "description": "Capture the identifier as encountered and establish a comparable representation.", "rationale": "ISBNs arrive through printed pages, metadata feeds and scans whose differences may be presentational or erroneous.", "layers": [ { "id": "capture-and-normalization", "name": "Capture and normalization", "description": "Separate source transcription from normalized identifier content.", "findings": [ { "id": "preserve-observed-isbn", "name": "Preserve observed ISBN", "description": "Retain the original string and its location alongside any normalized value.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact string was observed, and on which page, cover, feed field or record?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "preserve-observed-isbn-q01" }, { "text": "Which removed characters were presentation separators, and which changes would require a correction hypothesis?", "kind": "action", "id": "preserve-observed-isbn-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "legacy-equivalence", "name": "Legacy equivalence", "description": "Distinguish alternative representations from different assignments.", "findings": [ { "id": "verify-conversion", "name": "Verify conversion", "description": "Record conversion eligibility and the checked counterpart; 979-prefixed ISBN-13 values have no ISBN-10 equivalent. [Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/programs/preassigned-control-number/isbn-converter/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the applicable conversion rule permit an equivalent representation for this ISBN?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verify-conversion-q01" }, { "text": "Has the converted value been checked before it is used to merge records?", "kind": "action", "id": "verify-conversion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "isbn-validity", "name": "ISBN validity", "description": "Assess mathematical and registration-structure constraints without overstating their implications.", "rationale": "Different validation failures require different responses, and successful arithmetic does not resolve identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "syntax-and-check-digit", "name": "Syntax and check digit", "description": "Evaluate the string under the rules for its representation.", "findings": [ { "id": "separate-validation-results", "name": "Separate validation results", "description": "Record syntax and check-digit outcomes separately from publication matching and assignment evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ISBN representation and validation rule were applied?", "kind": "definition", "id": "separate-validation-results-q01" }, { "text": "Do the observed length, characters and check digit satisfy that rule?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "separate-validation-results-q02" }, { "text": "If validation fails, what source evidence supports any proposed correction?", "kind": "action", "id": "separate-validation-results-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "registration-range-interpretation", "name": "Registration-range interpretation", "description": "Ground element boundaries in authoritative allocation information.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-element-parsing", "name": "Evidenced element parsing", "description": "Require dated range evidence for interpreting the registration-group, registrant and publication elements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative range information supports the proposed element boundaries?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-element-parsing-q01" }, { "text": "Is the range recognized, excluded from ISBN use or unresolved under the consulted information?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidenced-element-parsing-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "publication-referent", "name": "Publication referent", "description": "Determine precisely which publication product the ISBN is asserted to identify.", "rationale": "A correct ISBN attached to the wrong format or edition can still cause an incorrect catalogue merge or order.", "layers": [ { "id": "bibliographic-level", "name": "Bibliographic level", "description": "Locate the referent relative to work, expression, manifestation and item.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-product-level", "name": "Identify product level", "description": "Record the publication product and avoid treating the ISBN as a universal identifier for its work or individual copies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which title, edition, language and product format are associated with this assignment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identify-product-level-q01" }, { "text": "Does the local catalogue attach the identifier to a product-level record, a work aggregate or an individual copy?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identify-product-level-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "edition-format-and-components", "name": "Edition, format and components", "description": "Evaluate distinctions among related publication products.", "findings": [ { "id": "differentiate-related-products", "name": "Differentiate related products", "description": "Different formats require distinct ISBNs; assess edition changes and set or component relationships using assignment guidance. [International ISBN Agency](https://www.isbn-international.org/content/isbn-assignment)", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this identifier associated with a paperback, hardback, digital format, complete set or individual component?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "differentiate-related-products-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented differences between the compared products affect ISBN assignment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "differentiate-related-products-q02" }, { "text": "Should the agent retain the assignment or refer the proposed change for a new-assignment decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "differentiate-related-products-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assignment-authority", "name": "Assignment authority", "description": "Establish who supports the assignment and how strongly the evidence supports it.", "rationale": "Printed identifiers, publisher feeds and catalogue records can disagree or repeat an earlier mistake.", "layers": [ { "id": "registrant-and-agency", "name": "Registrant and agency", "description": "Connect allocation and assignment assertions to responsible parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "trace-assignment-evidence", "name": "Trace assignment evidence", "description": "Distinguish evidence identifying a registrant from evidence identifying the publication assigned a particular ISBN.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which agency or registrant record supports the allocation interpretation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "trace-assignment-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which source explicitly associates the complete ISBN with this publication product?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "trace-assignment-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "metadata-agreement", "name": "Metadata agreement", "description": "Compare attributed claims without erasing disagreements.", "findings": [ { "id": "assess-record-conflicts", "name": "Assess record conflicts", "description": "Record disagreements over title, edition, format or publisher and the evidence used to resolve them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which consulted sources agree or disagree about the ISBN's publication referent?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assess-record-conflicts-q01" }, { "text": "Do apparent corroborating records derive from the same upstream metadata source?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assess-record-conflicts-q02" }, { "text": "What additional evidence is required before accepting a match or merging records?", "kind": "action", "id": "assess-record-conflicts-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assignment-lifecycle-and-use", "name": "Assignment lifecycle and use", "description": "Control reliance on an ISBN through publication changes, errors and downstream operations.", "rationale": "Agents must distinguish a change in product availability from a change or dispute in identification.", "layers": [ { "id": "changes-and-corrections", "name": "Changes and corrections", "description": "Track reported identifier problems and proposed assignment changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "preserve-assignment-history", "name": "Preserve assignment history", "description": "Keep original assertions and corrections attributable, and assess suspected reuse rather than silently redirecting the identifier.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the report concern a transcription error, a disputed assignment, suspected reuse or changed publication metadata?", "kind": "definition", "id": "preserve-assignment-history-q01" }, { "text": "Who authorized the correction, and what evidence establishes its effective meaning?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "preserve-assignment-history-q02" }, { "text": "Does a publication's withdrawal or unavailability affect this identification decision under the applicable guidance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "preserve-assignment-history-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operational-reliance", "name": "Operational reliance", "description": "Determine which downstream actions the available evidence supports.", "findings": [ { "id": "gate-isbn-based-actions", "name": "Gate ISBN-based actions", "description": "Make lookup, matching, merging and ordering decisions depend on validation and referent evidence; assess rights and availability separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the evidence sufficient for lookup, catalogue linking, record merging or ordering this specific format?", "kind": "action", "id": "gate-isbn-based-actions-q01" }, { "text": "Which unresolved conflicts require review before the agent relies on this ISBN?", "kind": "action", "id": "gate-isbn-based-actions-q02" }, { "text": "Which separate records establish availability or reproduction permission for the intended operation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "gate-isbn-based-actions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This account is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.", "Check current agency guidance for digital formats, separately supplied components, revisions and other assignment edge cases.", "Verify current prefix allocations, agency procedures and jurisdiction-specific requirements before implementation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISBN-10: legacy ten-character form", "ISBN-13: thirteen-digit form" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ISBN-13", "value_or_pattern": "13 digits beginning with 978 or 979", "note": "Comprises a prefix, registration group, registrant, publication element and check digit; element boundaries vary, and not every 979 allocation belongs to ISBN." }, { "scheme": "ISBN-10", "value_or_pattern": "Nine digits followed by a check character comprising a digit or X", "note": "Legacy form; X represents check value ten. Conversion to ISBN-13 adds the 978 prefix and recalculates the check digit." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 2108, Information and documentation - International standard book number (ISBN), issued by ISO.", "ISBN Users' Manual, issued by the International ISBN Agency, provides assignment and implementation rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Identifying editions and formats in publisher and bookseller catalogues.", "Ordering publications and managing stock across book supply chains.", "Supporting library acquisition, cataloguing and record matching.", "Encoding publication identifiers in retail barcodes.", "Distinguishing separately supplied paperback, hardcover and digital editions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Identifier length excluding separators", "typical_range": "10 in the legacy form; 13 in the current form", "unit": "characters" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating an ISBN as identifying an abstract work or an individual physical copy.", "Reusing an ISBN for a different publication, edition or format.", "Assuming a valid check digit proves that an ISBN was assigned or that associated metadata is correct.", "Losing leading zeros or corrupting identifiers by storing them as ordinary numeric quantities.", "Treating an ISBN as evidence of copyright ownership, publication quality or authenticity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Registration groups can correspond to countries, geographic regions or language areas; they do not reliably identify a publication's language or printing location.", "National and regional ISBN agencies administer allocations, with differing fees and application procedures.", "Legal requirements concerning publication identifiers and legal deposit vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "number", "difference": "An ISBN uses a structured character sequence as an identifier; its numerical magnitude and arithmetic relationships have no bibliographic meaning." }, { "name": "ISSN", "difference": "ISSN identifies serials and other continuing resources; ISBN identifies monographic publication products. A volume within a series may carry both." }, { "name": "ISMN", "difference": "ISMN identifies notated music publications and uses a separate allocation scheme." }, { "name": "DOI", "difference": "A DOI identifies an object through a persistent resolution system; an ISBN does not itself provide a resolution service." }, { "name": "GTIN-13", "difference": "GTIN-13 is a general trade-item identifier structure; ISBN-13 occupies designated allocations within that structure." }, { "name": "EAN-13 barcode", "difference": "EAN-13 is a machine-readable barcode symbology that can encode an ISBN-13; the barcode and the identifier are distinct." }, { "name": "library item barcode", "difference": "A library item barcode identifies an individual copy locally; multiple copies of the same edition and format ordinarily share an ISBN." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of International Standard Book Number this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which edition of ISO 2108, ISBN Users' Manual and dated registration-range release will govern implemented validation and assignment decisions?", "How should assignment rules be applied to digital products distinguished by access restrictions, platform packaging or changing content?", "What precise rules govern unchanged reprints, publisher or imprint transfers, withdrawn publications and suspected ISBN reuse?", "How should sets, separately available volumes and mixed-product packages map to the platform's manifestation and product records?", "Which authoritative evidence is accessible when publisher metadata, agency records and library catalogues disagree, and who may resolve the conflict?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a International Standard Book Number, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an ISBN, assess evidence for its assignment to a publication product, and decide whether to match, retain, correct or refer it for authoritative review.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: e-book: Lecture Notes Information Theory.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a International Standard Book Number, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "e-book: Lecture Notes Information Theory" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one International Standard Book Number from another, and a International Standard Book Number from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a International Standard Book Number sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a International Standard Book Number from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a International Standard Book Number passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a International Standard Book Number between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a International Standard Book Number, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a International Standard Book Number is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a International Standard Book Number says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a International Standard Book Number contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a International Standard Book Number and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of International Standard Book Number a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For International Standard Book Number, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of International Standard Book Number exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made International Standard Book Number and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to International Standard Book Number, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in International Standard Book Number, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a International Standard Book Number came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a International Standard Book Number and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a International Standard Book Number is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a International Standard Book Number, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a International Standard Book Number, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a International Standard Book Number is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }