{ "model": { "rank": 4174, "code": "thing-q332154", "model_id": "vr.tr.ageing", "name": "ageing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and assess biological ageing, distinguish competing interpretations and measurements, and identify what evidence is needed before acting on an ageing-related claim.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q332154/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cellular aging", "human ageing", "hair greying", "brain ageing", "cell aging", "multicellular organism aging", "skin aging", "anyathātva", "aging in horses", "memory and aging", "active ageing", "healthy aging", "Successful aging" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q332154", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:38:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ac-d3d5-7172-9ffd-60440b98de5a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ageing\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ac-d3c8-70e0-84ff-b011a2e72160\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ageing\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ageing\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q332154", "registryId": "vr.tr.ageing", "name": "ageing", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q332154/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ageing", "name": "ageing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and assess biological ageing, distinguish competing interpretations and measurements, and identify what evidence is needed before acting on an ageing-related claim.", "definition": "Ageing, in the biological sense used here, is the set of changes occurring in an organism over time, particularly those associated with declining physiological function and resilience, whose timing and extent vary among individuals and species.", "scope_statement": "This model owns ageing as a time-dependent process in living organisms, including how biological, functional and chronological accounts relate; this biological sense is provisional because the registry records no definition.", "in_scope": [ "Competing definitions of biological ageing and their criteria for identifying an instance", "Chronological, biological and functional operationalisations of ageing", "Ageing trajectories across organisms, tissues and life stages", "Proposed mechanisms and the evidence connecting them to observed changes", "Environmental and social influences on ageing trajectories and their interpretation", "Evidence requirements for claims that an intervention changes ageing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Material deterioration, equipment ageing and product obsolescence", "Population ageing as a change in demographic age structure", "Individual diseases and their diagnostic or treatment models", "Development and maturation except where their boundary with ageing is disputed", "Age discrimination, retirement systems and eldercare organisations as independently modelled phenomena" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A chronological age records elapsed time; an ageing assessment must also specify which process, trajectory or age-related pattern that time is intended to represent.", "An ageing claim concerns a time-dependent trajectory or pattern; a single episode of injury, illness or exhaustion does not establish ageing.", "An age-associated disease and an ageing process require separate identification, even when a proposed mechanism connects them.", "A claim about biological ageing must identify its organism, tissue or system; a rising proportion of older people describes population ageing instead.", "Calling a change ageing rather than maturation requires an explicit definition and life-stage boundary, particularly where growth and later decline overlap." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Definition and theoretical position", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Attributed definition; disciplinary or theoretical account; explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria", "why_it_matters": "Different accounts may identify different processes or outcomes as ageing." }, { "name": "Biological bearer and scale", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organism, species, tissue, organ, cell population or other explicitly identified biological system", "why_it_matters": "A measurement at one biological scale may not establish ageing at another." }, { "name": "Chronological age and reference event", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Elapsed time in a stated unit from birth, hatching, germination or another justified reference event", "why_it_matters": "Age comparisons depend on both time units and a comparable starting point." }, { "name": "Life stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species-specific developmental, mature or later-life stage; mixed or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "The interpretation of biological change depends on its developmental context." }, { "name": "Ageing indicator", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named assay, composite score, functional test or age-specific demographic measure, with units and reference population", "why_it_matters": "An indicator is interpretable only through its measurement procedure and validation target." }, { "name": "Within-subject trajectory", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Change in a named indicator per unit time, with observation interval and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Repeated observations help distinguish ongoing change from differences between individuals." }, { "name": "Functional reserve and recovery", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Task-specific performance margin or recovery time following a defined challenge", "why_it_matters": "Function and recovery provide operational targets distinct from elapsed age or molecular scores." }, { "name": "Mechanistic evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Hypothesised, associated, experimentally supported, contested or unresolved, with supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "A proposed mechanism should not acquire causal authority merely because it tracks age." }, { "name": "Exposure and life-history context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated environmental exposures, living conditions, reproductive history and relevant health events", "why_it_matters": "Observed trajectories need interpretation in the context of accumulated exposures and life history." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an ageing claim by biological sense, definition, bearer and scale.", "Compare ageing assessments while exposing differences in assays, reference populations and intended outcomes.", "Track longitudinal change and flag when the evidence consists only of cross-sectional age differences.", "Separate an age-associated observation from a supported causal account of ageing.", "Evaluate whether an intervention claim concerns a biomarker, function, disease risk or survival.", "Identify missing evidence and limit conclusions to the populations, biological scales and timescales actually studied." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definitions-and-boundaries", "name": "Definitions and boundaries", "description": "Record which sense and account of ageing governs an assessment.", "rationale": "The registry supplies no definition, and different accounts need not agree on what counts as ageing.", "layers": [ { "id": "accounts-of-ageing", "name": "Accounts of ageing", "description": "Distinguish chronological, biological, functional and demographic uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-and-instance-criteria", "name": "Definition and instance criteria", "description": "Record an attributed definition, the debate it addresses and the observations it treats as an instance of ageing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this account define ageing through elapsed time, biological change, functional decline, age-specific risk or another criterion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-and-instance-criteria-q01" }, { "text": "Who advances this definition, and which competing account changes the classification of the same observations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "definition-and-instance-criteria-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "adjacent-processes", "name": "Adjacent processes", "description": "Make the boundaries with maturation, disease and cellular senescence explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-boundary-tests", "name": "Process boundary tests", "description": "Require reasons for interpreting an observed change as ageing rather than a neighbouring process.", "questions": [ { "text": "What distinguishes this change from maturation, acute injury or a specific disease under the chosen definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "process-boundary-tests-q01" }, { "text": "Is cellular senescence being measured as a cellular state, proposed as a mechanism or used as a proxy for organismal ageing?", "kind": "definition", "id": "process-boundary-tests-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-scales-and-mechanisms", "name": "Biological scales and mechanisms", "description": "Locate ageing observations and examine proposed causal explanations.", "rationale": "An observation in cells or tissues cannot be interpreted as whole-organism ageing without an explicit evidential connection.", "layers": [ { "id": "bearers-and-life-stages", "name": "Bearers and life stages", "description": "Identify where and when a proposed ageing process occurs.", "findings": [ { "id": "scale-specific-ageing", "name": "Scale-specific ageing", "description": "Record the species, biological subsystem and life stage to which an observation applies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organism, tissue or cell population exhibits the change, and how was its life stage established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "scale-specific-ageing-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports extending this observation to other tissues, the whole organism or another species?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "scale-specific-ageing-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causal-explanations", "name": "Causal explanations", "description": "Separate candidate mechanisms from correlates and evolutionary explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-explanatory-level", "name": "Mechanism and explanatory level", "description": "Record whether an account proposes a proximate biological mechanism or explains the evolution of an ageing trajectory, together with its evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the account explain how a change occurs within an organism or why a life-history pattern could evolve?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-and-explanatory-level-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or perturbation studies distinguish the proposed explanation from correlation and competing explanations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanism-and-explanatory-level-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ageing-measurement", "name": "Ageing measurement", "description": "Specify ageing indicators and the study designs that support their interpretation.", "rationale": "Biological-age estimates, functional tests and demographic patterns answer different questions and require different validation.", "layers": [ { "id": "indicators-and-clocks", "name": "Indicators and clocks", "description": "Record what an ageing measure observes, predicts and is calibrated against.", "findings": [ { "id": "operationalisation-and-validation", "name": "Operationalisation and validation", "description": "Describe each assay or score through its inputs, target, reference population and uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the indicator designed to estimate chronological age, predict an outcome, measure function or represent a proposed ageing process?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "operationalisation-and-validation-q01" }, { "text": "In which populations and conditions was it validated, and what measurement error or calibration limits were reported?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operationalisation-and-validation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-study-design", "name": "Time and study design", "description": "Distinguish individual change from age-group differences and selective survival.", "findings": [ { "id": "trajectory-identifiability", "name": "Trajectory identifiability", "description": "Record whether observations establish within-subject change and how study design affects an inferred ageing rate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the observations repeated within the same individuals or drawn from different age groups?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "trajectory-identifiability-q01" }, { "text": "How were cohort differences, selective survival, dropout and changes in measurement procedures addressed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "trajectory-identifiability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "trajectories-and-lived-function", "name": "Trajectories and lived function", "description": "Describe heterogeneous ageing trajectories and their relationship to function and context.", "rationale": "A single age or score cannot express differences between biological systems, life histories and capacities relevant to action.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-ageing", "name": "Functional ageing", "description": "Assess specified capacities, reserve and recovery without reducing them to chronological age.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-reserve-and-recovery", "name": "Capacity, reserve and recovery", "description": "Record performance and recovery under defined conditions, including the supports needed to perform a task.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which capacity or recovery response was assessed, with what task, challenge and baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "capacity-reserve-and-recovery-q01" }, { "text": "Does an observed limitation persist after accounting for temporary illness, accessibility and available assistance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "capacity-reserve-and-recovery-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-history-and-exposures", "name": "Life history and exposures", "description": "Relate ageing observations to accumulated conditions without assuming their causal contribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextualised-trajectory", "name": "Contextualised trajectory", "description": "Record exposure timing and relevant life-history differences when comparing ageing trajectories.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which environmental exposures, social conditions or life-history events preceded the observed changes, and over what duration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextualised-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence separates an exposure's contribution from confounding, reverse causation or differences present before observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contextualised-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-claims-and-decisions", "name": "Intervention claims and decisions", "description": "Assess what a claimed change in ageing demonstrates and which decisions the evidence can support.", "rationale": "Claims about slowing or reversing ageing require explicit endpoints, timescales and limits before they can guide action.", "layers": [ { "id": "claimed-ageing-effects", "name": "Claimed ageing effects", "description": "Separate changes in proxy measurements from changes in function, disease outcomes and survival.", "findings": [ { "id": "endpoint-and-durability", "name": "Endpoint and durability", "description": "Record the exact endpoint, comparator, follow-up period and durability underlying an intervention claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the claimed effect concern a clock score, a biological mechanism, functional capacity, disease occurrence or survival?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "endpoint-and-durability-q01" }, { "text": "What controlled evidence establishes the effect, its duration and any trade-offs across outcomes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "endpoint-and-durability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-to-action", "name": "Evidence to action", "description": "Connect evidence to a specified decision without extending it beyond its demonstrated scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-specific-evidence", "name": "Decision-specific evidence", "description": "Record the proposed action, its evidential requirements and the consequences of uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence is required before this result can justify monitoring, further research or an intervention decision for the intended population?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-specific-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which uncertainty, adverse outcome or failure to reproduce the effect would require revising that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-specific-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No sense is recorded; the biological and human life-course interpretation is provisional, and ACT.ACT alone does not establish it.", "Definitions differ over whether ageing includes all changes over time or specifically progressive deterioration; listed kinds are overlapping perspectives, not an exclusive taxonomy.", "Recalled information only: no sources were consulted, and there is no universally accepted single measure of biological age." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chronological ageing", "Biological ageing", "Psychological ageing", "Social ageing", "Intrinsic ageing", "Extrinsic ageing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)", "value_or_pattern": "D000375", "note": "The heading Aging indexes literature about biological ageing; it does not identify an individual ageing trajectory." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Gerontology investigates changes across later life and competing explanations of ageing.", "Geriatrics evaluates health and functional needs in older adults.", "Demography uses age distributions and mortality patterns to study populations.", "Longitudinal research compares changes in cognition, physical function and physiological resilience.", "Biomarker research estimates biological age and tests its association with subsequent health outcomes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Chronological age", "typical_range": "From birth to the individual's current age or age at death; lifespan depends on species.", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "Biological age estimated by a biomarker model", "typical_range": "Model-dependent; estimates from different methods are not necessarily interchangeable.", "unit": "Often years" }, { "quantity": "Age-specific mortality rate", "typical_range": "Varies by species, population, age interval and observation period.", "unit": "deaths per person-year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chronological age can be a poor proxy for an individual's functional capacity or care needs.", "Treating disease as inevitable ageing can obscure conditions that warrant assessment.", "Biological-age estimates can be misleading when applied outside the populations in which they were validated.", "Cross-sectional comparisons can confuse cohort differences with changes caused by ageing.", "Age-based stereotypes can produce discrimination and inappropriate assumptions about competence or dependence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Social definitions of old age and expectations of older adults vary across cultures.", "Administrative thresholds for older adulthood vary among pension systems, services and statistical practices.", "Ageing trajectories differ with living conditions, occupational exposures and access to healthcare." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Senescence", "difference": "Senescence usually denotes age-associated deterioration; ageing can also include changes that are not deterioration." }, { "name": "Cellular senescence", "difference": "Cellular senescence is a cell state involving stable cell-cycle arrest and other changes; it can contribute to organismal ageing but is not synonymous with it." }, { "name": "Development", "difference": "Development concerns changes in organisation and capacities across the life course; its boundary with ageing depends on the disciplinary definition." }, { "name": "Frailty", "difference": "Frailty denotes increased vulnerability associated with reduced reserve; it is not present in every older person." }, { "name": "Population ageing", "difference": "Population ageing is a shift in a population's age distribution toward older ages, rather than change within an organism." }, { "name": "Material ageing", "difference": "Material ageing concerns time-dependent changes in nonliving materials, rather than biological organisms." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ageing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.ageing denote biological ageing specifically, and does an existing world model already cover that sense?", "Which attributed definitions and schools should be represented, particularly where ageing is distinguished from senescence, maturation or disease?", "Which ageing indicators have sufficient validation for which decisions, and how should disagreement between indicators be represented?", "How should the model accommodate species or biological systems whose age-related trajectories do not fit a simple progressive-decline account?", "What evidence would justify describing an intervention as slowing or reversing ageing rather than changing a selected proxy or outcome?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ageing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and assess biological ageing, distinguish competing interpretations and measurements, and identify what evidence is needed before acting on an ageing-related claim.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cellular aging, human ageing, hair greying, brain ageing, cell aging, multicellular organism aging, skin aging, anyathātva, aging in horses, memory and aging, active ageing, healthy aging.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ageing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cellular aging", "human ageing", "hair greying", "brain ageing", "cell aging", "multicellular organism aging", "skin aging", "anyathātva", "aging in horses", "memory and aging", "active ageing", "healthy aging" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ageing from another, and a ageing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ageing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ageing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ageing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ageing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ageing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ageing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a ageing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a ageing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a ageing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a ageing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a ageing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What ageing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of ageing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is ageing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of ageing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of ageing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as ageing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ageing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ageing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ageing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ageing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ageing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ageing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }