{ "model": { "rank": 6699, "code": "thing-q332711", "model_id": "vr.tr.president-of-italy", "name": "President of Italy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify Italy's presidential office, establish who may exercise its functions at a given time, and assess the prerequisites and limits of a proposed presidential act.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q332711/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q332711", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332711", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:19:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 17.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08876-b251-71c1-a3c0-8ca33a64b942\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: President of Italy\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: SOC.PER\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08876-b252-7420-82ff-c71f50e10a03\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: President of Italy\nRegistry id: vr.tr.president-of-italy\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q332711", "registryId": "vr.tr.president-of-italy", "name": "President of Italy", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q332711/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.president-of-italy", "name": "President of Italy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify Italy's presidential office, establish who may exercise its functions at a given time, and assess the prerequisites and limits of a proposed presidential act.", "definition": "The President of Italy is the constitutional head of state of the Italian Republic, representing national unity and exercising powers distinct from those of the government and Parliament.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the constitutional role registered as vr.tr.president-of-italy within SOC / SOC.PER, its occupancy, continuity, powers and accountability, while linking to separate models of officeholders, institutions and legal instruments.", "in_scope": [ "Identity and constitutional boundaries of the Italian presidency", "Eligibility, election, oath and presidential mandates", "Impediment, substitution, vacancy and succession", "Presidential acts, institutional relationships and procedural prerequisites", "Responsibility, constitutional constraints and evidence supporting authority" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Officeholders' biographies and private activities", "The Government's policy programme and ministerial administration", "Parliament's internal organisation and legislative deliberations", "The presidential administration's staffing, procurement and property", "Complete models of courts, armed forces, treaties and individual legal proceedings" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is Italy's head-of-state office representing national unity, rather than the President of the Council of Ministers. [Italian Constitution, Articles 87 and 92-95](https://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/costituzione_en.pdf)", "Selection is by Parliament in joint sitting with regional delegates, distinguishing this office from a directly elected presidency. [Italian Constitution, Article 83](https://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/costituzione_en.pdf)", "The elected mandate lasts seven years; temporary exercise by the President of the Senate is a separate relationship. [Italian Constitution, Articles 85-86](https://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/costituzione_en.pdf)", "A record identifying a person, the Quirinal Palace or the presidential administration alone does not identify this constitutional role." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Constitutional identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "President of the Italian Republic; national constitutional office", "why_it_matters": "Resolves translated titles and distinguishes neighbouring Italian offices." }, { "name": "Mandate holder", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Person linked to an evidenced mandate interval", "why_it_matters": "Separates the continuing office from successive occupants." }, { "name": "Exercise of functions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "By incumbent; by substitute; disputed; unverified, with effective dates", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the person whose authority must be checked for a particular act." }, { "name": "Eligibility assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Established; not established; unresolved, with age, citizenship, rights and incompatibility evidence", "why_it_matters": "Makes eligibility an evidenced constitutional assessment rather than an inferred professional qualification." }, { "name": "Mandate timing", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Election, oath and termination dates; elapsed and remaining calendar days", "why_it_matters": "Supports succession planning and checks of powers affected by mandate timing." }, { "name": "Presidential act class", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Appointment; promulgation; legislative reconsideration; dissolution; clemency; diplomatic act; defence act; honour; message; other evidenced class", "why_it_matters": "Selects the legal and procedural checks appropriate to the act." }, { "name": "Required institutional participation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Act-specific proposing, consulting, authorising and countersigning authorities", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a presidential signature from being treated as sufficient evidence of every prerequisite." }, { "name": "Authority evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable legal provision, official record, effective date and unresolved interpretation", "why_it_matters": "Makes assessments auditable and sensitive to the law applicable at the time." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve references to the Italian presidency while linking named occupants to separate person records.", "Reconstruct who held the mandate and who exercised presidential functions on a specified date.", "Check an election or accession record for missing eligibility, voting and oath evidence.", "Prepare an act-specific checklist of institutional prerequisites and timing constraints.", "Trace a presidential act to its official instrument and distinguish legal effects from public statements.", "Flag disputed authority or interpretation for constitutional review." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "constitutional-office", "name": "Constitutional office", "description": "Identify the Italian presidency and the constitutional capacity in which a person acts.", "rationale": "The registry's person-domain placement must not collapse an enduring office into its occupant.", "layers": [ { "id": "office-identity", "name": "Office identity", "description": "Resolve the title and jurisdiction of the registered role.", "findings": [ { "id": "presidential-referent", "name": "Presidential referent", "description": "Record the official title, accepted translations and evidence that a reference denotes this office.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the reference identify the President of the Republic, the President of the Council, or another Italian institutional president?", "kind": "definition", "id": "presidential-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Which official record connects the name used to Italy's presidential office?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "presidential-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutional-capacity", "name": "Institutional capacity", "description": "Separate presidential authority from personal identity and administrative support.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-attribution", "name": "Capacity attribution", "description": "Record whether conduct belongs to presidential functions, another institutional capacity or the person's private life.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the person acting as President of the Republic, as a substitute exercising its functions, or in another capacity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "capacity-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence attributes this act to the President rather than to the presidential administration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "capacity-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "election-and-accession", "name": "Election and accession", "description": "Establish the evidence connecting an eligible person to a presidential mandate.", "rationale": "Holding this office depends on constitutional selection and accession rather than ordinary recruitment or occupational licensing.", "layers": [ { "id": "eligibility-and-incompatibilities", "name": "Eligibility and incompatibilities", "description": "Assess eligibility and conflicting offices against the applicable constitutional rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "candidate-qualification", "name": "Candidate qualification", "description": "Capture verified eligibility facts separately from political suitability and customary expectations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the person's age, Italian citizenship and enjoyment of civil and political rights at the legally relevant date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "candidate-qualification-q01" }, { "text": "Which other offices does the person hold, and what must happen to resolve any incompatibility before exercising the presidency?", "kind": "action", "id": "candidate-qualification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ballot-and-oath", "name": "Ballot and oath", "description": "Trace election results and accession as distinct events.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-establishment", "name": "Mandate establishment", "description": "Record the electoral assembly, ballot sequence, applicable majority, official result and oath.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the decisive ballot, what assembly membership, regional representation, majority threshold and vote count did the official record establish?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mandate-establishment-q01" }, { "text": "Which records establish the election declaration, oath and legally effective start of this mandate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mandate-establishment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate-and-continuity", "name": "Mandate and continuity", "description": "Track presidential tenure and continuity when the incumbent cannot exercise functions.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish mandate ownership, actual exercise of functions and succession procedures.", "layers": [ { "id": "term-and-renewal", "name": "Term and renewal", "description": "Represent separate mandates and the calendar governing replacement.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-calendar", "name": "Mandate calendar", "description": "Record mandate boundaries, election scheduling and any documented extension of powers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the mandate's effective start, expected expiry and actual end, including any evidenced extension?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mandate-calendar-q01" }, { "text": "How does the parliamentary calendar affect the presidential election timetable, and is a repeated occupancy supported by a separate election record?", "kind": "action", "id": "mandate-calendar-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impediment-and-vacancy", "name": "Impediment and vacancy", "description": "Distinguish temporary inability from events requiring a successor.", "findings": [ { "id": "continuity-of-functions", "name": "Continuity of functions", "description": "Record the trigger, evidence, substitute and duration of any interruption in the incumbent's exercise of functions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What authoritative evidence establishes temporary impediment, permanent incapacity, resignation or death and its effective date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "continuity-of-functions-q01" }, { "text": "Who may exercise presidential functions during the interval, and which succession steps and deadlines follow?", "kind": "action", "id": "continuity-of-functions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "constitutional-functions", "name": "Constitutional functions", "description": "Organise presidential interventions by institutional counterpart and intended legal effect.", "rationale": "Distinct presidential functions require distinct checks of initiative, discretion and participation by other bodies.", "layers": [ { "id": "government-and-parliament", "name": "Government and Parliament", "description": "Examine government formation, legislative acts and parliamentary continuity.", "findings": [ { "id": "formation-and-legislative-intervention", "name": "Formation and legislative intervention", "description": "Link consultations, appointments, promulgation and requests for reconsideration to their individual procedures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What distinguishes a consultation or exploratory mandate from a completed government appointment and subsequent parliamentary confidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "formation-and-legislative-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "For a legislative instrument, what stage, deadline, prior reconsideration and required presidential action does the record establish?", "kind": "action", "id": "formation-and-legislative-intervention-q02" } ] }, { "id": "parliamentary-dissolution", "name": "Parliamentary dissolution", "description": "Assess a proposed dissolution against consultation records and the relevant institutional calendars.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which chamber or chambers are concerned, and what evidence records consultation with their presiding officers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "parliamentary-dissolution-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed date fall within a dissolution restriction, and does the applicable parliamentary-term exception apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "parliamentary-dissolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "justice-defence-and-representation", "name": "Justice, defence and representation", "description": "Separate presidential participation from powers belonging to courts, councils, Parliament and Government.", "findings": [ { "id": "justice-and-clemency", "name": "Justice and clemency", "description": "Distinguish judicial council activity, constitutional appointments and individual clemency decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed act a presidential appointment, an act within the judicial council, or a clemency decision, and what procedure governs it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "justice-and-clemency-q01" }, { "text": "Which decisions belong to the President, which require another institution's participation, and which remain judicial determinations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "justice-and-clemency-q02" } ] }, { "id": "external-and-symbolic-functions", "name": "External and symbolic functions", "description": "Classify diplomatic, defence and honorary activity by legal effect and institutional prerequisites.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the event involve treaty ratification, diplomatic credentials, a defence function, an honour or a representative statement?", "kind": "definition", "id": "external-and-symbolic-functions-q01" }, { "text": "Which prior decisions, authorisations or proposals must be evidenced before attributing operative effect to the presidential act?", "kind": "action", "id": "external-and-symbolic-functions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "validity-and-accountability", "name": "Validity and accountability", "description": "Assess the formal basis of acts and the applicable responsibility regime.", "rationale": "A document's presidential attribution alone does not settle its legal validity or who bears responsibility.", "layers": [ { "id": "act-authentication", "name": "Act authentication", "description": "Connect an act to its instrument, signatories and legally relevant dates.", "findings": [ { "id": "formal-completion", "name": "Formal completion", "description": "Track proposal, presidential signature, countersignature, publication and effect as separate evidence points where applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which official instrument establishes the act's text, date, signatories and publication or notification status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formal-completion-q01" }, { "text": "What countersignature and other completion requirements apply to this act class, and are any requirements disputed or unmet?", "kind": "action", "id": "formal-completion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "responsibility-and-contestation", "name": "Responsibility and contestation", "description": "Distinguish constitutional responsibility, ordinary personal conduct and political disagreement.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability-route", "name": "Accountability route", "description": "Record the alleged conduct, its official or personal capacity, competent institutions and procedural status without treating allegations as established facts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the issue concern official conduct, private conduct, ministerial responsibility or a dispute over constitutional powers?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accountability-route-q01" }, { "text": "Which competent institution has taken a documented procedural step, and what legal consequence has actually followed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accountability-route-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Interpreted as the constitutional office rather than a particular officeholder.", "Provided from recall without consulting sources; constitutional wording and subsequent amendments should be checked before legal reliance.", "The practical scope of presidential discretion depends on constitutional interpretation and political practice." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Italian constitutional office title", "value_or_pattern": "Presidente della Repubblica", "note": "Names the office, not its incumbent." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Constitution of the Italian Republic, adopted by the Constituent Assembly: Articles 83-91 establish presidential election, eligibility, tenure, functions, accountability and oath.", "Article 89 of the Constitution governs ministerial countersignature of presidential acts." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Represents national unity as head of state.", "Appoints the President of the Council of Ministers and, on that person's proposal, the ministers.", "Promulgates laws and may request a fresh parliamentary deliberation before promulgation.", "May dissolve either or both parliamentary chambers, subject to constitutional conditions.", "Chairs the High Council of the Judiciary and the Supreme Defence Council." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Constitutional term of office", "typical_range": "7", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "Minimum age for eligibility", "typical_range": "50", "unit": "years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Conflating the presidency with the incumbent or with the head of government.", "Treating formal presidential powers as unrestricted executive discretion.", "Electoral deadlock when the required parliamentary majority cannot be assembled.", "Constitutional disputes about presidential discretion, countersignature or dissolution powers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a single national office; presidents of Italian regions hold distinct offices.", "Regional delegates participate in presidential election alongside Parliament in joint session; Valle d'Aosta has one delegate and other regions have three." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "President of the Council of Ministers of Italy", "difference": "Heads the government; the President of the Republic is head of state." }, { "name": "President of the Senate of the Republic", "difference": "Presides over the Senate and substitutes for the President of the Republic when constitutionally required, without thereby becoming the elected president." }, { "name": "Incumbent President of Italy", "difference": "A particular person temporarily holds the enduring constitutional office." }, { "name": "President of an Italian region", "difference": "Heads a regional executive rather than serving as national head of state." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of President of Italy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative procedures and precedents determine temporary versus permanent presidential incapacity, and resolve disagreement over that classification?", "How do constitutional jurisprudence and practice allocate initiative and countersignature responsibility across clemency, appointments, dissolution and other presidential acts?", "What limits on discretion apply during substitution, extension of an incumbent's powers and politically sensitive succession intervals?", "Which government-formation practices are legally required, established conventions or choices specific to a particular crisis?", "Which authoritative legal text and official records should govern each historical assessment, including any amendments after the consulted October 2023 constitutional edition?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 20, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a President of Italy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify Italy's presidential office, establish who may exercise its functions at a given time, and assess the prerequisites and limits of a proposed presidential act.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a President of Italy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one President of Italy from another, and a President of Italy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a President of Italy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a President of Italy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a President of Italy is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a President of Italy is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a President of Italy moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a President of Italy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a President of Italy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a President of Italy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a President of Italy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a President of Italy.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a President of Italy and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a President of Italy, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a President of Italy and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a President of Italy sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as President of Italy.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does President of Italy require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses President of Italy, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What President of Italy actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define President of Italy, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as President of Italy, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a President of Italy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a President of Italy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a President of Italy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a President of Italy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a President of Italy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a President of Italy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }