{ "model": { "rank": 2758, "code": "thing-q3355098", "model_id": "vr.tr.citrus-sinensis", "name": "Citrus sinensis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Citrus sinensis, assess a sweet orange plant and its attached crop, and determine evidence-based options for care, propagation and harvest.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q3355098/", "tier": 2, "score": 97, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 97, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q3355098", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355098", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:37:32Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0151521, "turns": 1, "seconds": 197.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 109.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba3-a378-7d21-a246-23882f3525f4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Citrus sinensis\nRegistry id: vr.tr.citrus-sinensis\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3355098", "registryId": "vr.tr.citrus-sinensis", "name": "Citrus sinensis", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3355098/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.citrus-sinensis", "name": "Citrus sinensis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Citrus sinensis, assess a sweet orange plant and its attached crop, and determine evidence-based options for care, propagation and harvest.", "definition": "Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck is a vegetatively propagated, typically diploid (2n = 18) citrus crop in Rutaceae that originated as an ancient mandarin × pummelo hybrid in southern China and is grown worldwide for sweet, low-bitterness fruit used fresh and for juice.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the recognition and biological state of sweet orange plants under vr.tr.citrus-sinensis, including cultivar identity, scion attribution, growing conditions and attached fruit; rootstocks, pathogens and harvested products are linked neighbouring entities.", "in_scope": [ "Sweet orange identification, taxonomic interpretation and cultivar evidence", "Individual plant establishment, canopy condition and reproductive development", "Attribution of shoots and fruit to scion or rootstock", "Water, nutrition and temperature exposure relevant to the observed plant", "Attached fruit development, maturity and suitability for intended harvest", "Evidence and prerequisites for care, propagation and plant movement" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent models of mandarins, sour oranges, grapefruit and other citrus hybrids", "Rootstock taxa and their complete biological descriptions", "Pathogen and pest biology beyond their relationship to the plant", "Orchard business operations, irrigation infrastructure and land ownership", "Detached fruit storage, juice manufacture and food product compliance" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Compare mature fruit shape, rind adherence and pulp character with a botanical description: sweet orange commonly has globose fruit with adherent peel and sweet or subacid pulp; this combination supports identification but does not establish it alone. [World Flora Online](https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001249323)", "When separating sweet orange from sour orange, record mature pulp bitterness and acidity alongside leaf and petiole characters and authenticated planting provenance; leave identification provisional if evidence conflicts.", "When separating sweet orange from mandarins or tangors, combine rind adherence and fruit form with cultivar provenance; orange appearance alone cannot exclude a hybrid such as Dweet tangor. [UCR Dweet tangor](https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/crc3018)", "Trace the sampled shoot or fruit-bearing branch to its origin relative to the graft union before attributing it to sweet orange; record the scion and rootstock separately. [UF/IFAS rootstock and scion selection](https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1308)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | provisional | supported | conflicting", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether sweet orange-specific interpretations are justified." }, { "name": "Cultivar or selection", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented cultivar or selection name | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Provides the reference for interpreting fruit traits and seasonal development." }, { "name": "Propagation provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "source nursery, mother plant or seed lot; propagation method and date", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity, traceability and assessment of material proposed for further propagation." }, { "name": "Scion-rootstock association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "own-rooted | grafted with identified rootstock | grafted with unknown rootstock | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed performance to the actual plant combination." }, { "name": "Sampled shoot origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "above graft union | below graft union | own-rooted growth | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents rootstock foliage or fruit from being treated as evidence about the sweet orange scion." }, { "name": "Phenological state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "juvenile, vegetative flush, flowering, fruit set, fruit expansion, maturation; concurrent states allowed", "why_it_matters": "Places observations and interventions in the appropriate developmental context." }, { "name": "Canopy injury extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "percent canopy affected, with symptom, observation date and estimation method", "why_it_matters": "Makes decline or recovery comparable over time without asserting its cause." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volumetric water content (%) or soil water tension (kPa), with depth and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports an irrigation decision grounded in the plant's actual root environment." }, { "name": "Temperature exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "degrees Celsius and exposure duration in hours", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed injury and protective actions to measured conditions." }, { "name": "Fruit soluble solids", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "degrees Brix, with sample size, fruit cohort and method", "why_it_matters": "Contributes to evaluating internal maturity for the intended harvest." }, { "name": "Fruit titratable acidity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "percent citric acid equivalent, with analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Allows soluble solids to be interpreted together with acidity." }, { "name": "Diagnostic evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not assessed | symptoms recorded | testing pending | agent detected | agent not detected | inconclusive", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed symptoms from a supported pest or disease determination." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a candidate sweet orange plant and select observations needed to resolve uncertainty.", "Monitor canopy, flowering and attached fruit cohorts against cultivar and site expectations.", "Choose and document irrigation, nutrition or temperature protection actions using measured conditions.", "Assess whether a particular shoot is suitable for retention, pruning or propagation.", "Evaluate an attached fruit cohort for harvest using internal quality measurements and intended use.", "Determine whether propagation or movement prerequisites are satisfied, unresolved or require specialist review." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wu-2018", "title": "Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25447", "what_it_supports": "Hybrid origin from mandarin and pummelo, southern China domestication, and placement of sweet orange among cultivated citrus", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "swingle-reece-1967", "title": "The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives of the orange subfamily, in The Citrus Industry, Vol. 1", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Botanical circumscription of Citrus sinensis, distinction from bitter orange and mandarin, and cultivated-group morphology" }, { "id": "unece-ffv-14", "title": "UNECE Standard FFV-14 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of citrus fruit", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Commercial classes, juice-content minima, sizing, and how oranges are graded in international fresh trade" }, { "id": "codex-cxs-245", "title": "Standard for Oranges (CXS 245-2003)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Codex identity and quality provisions for sweet oranges as a traded food commodity" }, { "id": "iso-3140", "title": "ISO 3140, Essential oil of sweet orange expressed [Citrus sinensis (L.)]", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Identity of cold-pressed sweet-orange peel oil as a standardised product of this species" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sweet-orange-identity", "name": "Sweet orange identity", "description": "Evidence that the observed plant belongs to the registered sweet orange concept.", "rationale": "An orange-looking fruit or nursery label cannot independently resolve citrus identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-and-cultivar-attribution", "name": "Taxonomic and cultivar attribution", "description": "Connect the registry concept to the name and cultivated material actually observed.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-sweet-orange-determination", "name": "Supported sweet orange determination", "description": "Require an explicit identification basis while retaining uncertain names and cultivar assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which botanical treatment defines Citrus sinensis for this determination, and how does its usage map to vr.tr.citrus-sinensis?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-sweet-orange-determination-q01" }, { "text": "What nursery, accession or mother-plant evidence supports the stated sweet orange cultivar?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-sweet-orange-determination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "citrus-lookalike-separation", "name": "Citrus lookalike separation", "description": "Compare fruit and vegetative evidence with plausible alternative citrus identities.", "findings": [ { "id": "concordant-identification-evidence", "name": "Concordant identification evidence", "description": "Assess several characters together and preserve disagreements between morphology and provenance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rind adherence, fruit shape, pulp character and leaf-petiole features were observed on the same attributed plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "concordant-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations exclude sour orange, mandarin or a tangor, and which alternatives remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "concordant-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-graft-composition", "name": "Propagation and graft composition", "description": "Represent how the plant was produced and which tissues belong to which component.", "rationale": "The identity and condition of a sweet orange scion must be distinguished from those of its supporting rootstock.", "layers": [ { "id": "plant-material-lineage", "name": "Plant material lineage", "description": "Trace the seed, cutting or budwood through establishment of the observed plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-propagation-material", "name": "Traceable propagation material", "description": "Record propagation history without assuming that a seed-derived plant reproduces a named cultivar.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this plant raised from seed, a cutting or grafted budwood, and what source records survive?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-propagation-material-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence is needed before this plant can supply material represented as the named cultivar?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-propagation-material-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "graft-union-and-shoot-origin", "name": "Graft union and shoot origin", "description": "Locate the graft and attribute canopy growth, suckers and samples.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-scion-rootstock-boundary", "name": "Resolved scion-rootstock boundary", "description": "Keep component identity and graft condition explicit when interpreting growth or planning pruning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the graft union, and does each suspect shoot originate above or below it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resolved-scion-rootstock-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What swelling, cracking, injury or differential growth is visible at the union?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-scion-rootstock-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonal-growth-and-root-environment", "name": "Seasonal growth and root environment", "description": "Relate the plant's developmental stage to water, nutrition and temperature observations.", "rationale": "Care decisions require the actual cultivar, rootstock, site and growth stage rather than a universal sweet orange schedule.", "layers": [ { "id": "flush-and-flowering-sequence", "name": "Flush and flowering sequence", "description": "Track vegetative flushes and reproductive events on dated plant observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-developmental-state", "name": "Dated developmental state", "description": "Distinguish juvenile growth, current flowering and fruit-bearing cohorts without forcing one stage for the entire tree.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which canopy sectors show new flush, flowers or fruit, and when did each cohort begin?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-developmental-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally supported cultivar observations provide the comparison for delayed flowering or weak growth?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-developmental-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-zone-and-weather-exposure", "name": "Root zone and weather exposure", "description": "Connect water supply, substrate conditions and temperature exposure to observed performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-growing-condition-adjustment", "name": "Evidence for growing-condition adjustment", "description": "Require measurements and a plant-specific reference before selecting irrigation, nutrient or protective changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What root-zone moisture, drainage, salinity, nutrient-test and temperature evidence accompanies the observed growth problem?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-for-growing-condition-adjustment-q01" }, { "text": "Which adjustment is justified for this scion-rootstock combination, and what observation will establish whether it helped?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-for-growing-condition-adjustment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "attached-orange-crop", "name": "Attached orange crop", "description": "Represent fruit cohorts from set through a supported harvest decision.", "rationale": "The tree's reproductive condition and the readiness of a particular crop are distinct judgments.", "layers": [ { "id": "fruit-set-and-retention", "name": "Fruit set and retention", "description": "Follow the abundance, growth and loss of attached fruit.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-fruit-cohort", "name": "Attributed fruit cohort", "description": "Associate fruit observations with flowering cohort, canopy location and scion identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flowering cohort and scion branches produced the observed fruit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-fruit-cohort-q01" }, { "text": "How have fruit count, diameter and drop changed between dated observations using the same sampling basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-fruit-cohort-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "internal-maturity-and-harvest", "name": "Internal maturity and harvest", "description": "Judge a defined fruit cohort against explicit requirements for its intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-harvest-readiness", "name": "Supported harvest readiness", "description": "Combine representative internal measurements, fruit condition and cultivar context; record peel colour as a separate observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What soluble solids, titratable acidity, juice yield and defects occur in a representative sample of this cohort?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-harvest-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which cultivar- and use-specific criteria support harvesting now, waiting or excluding affected fruit?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-harvest-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "citrus-health-and-intervention", "name": "Citrus health and intervention", "description": "Translate observed injury and diagnostic evidence into justified care and material-handling decisions.", "rationale": "Symptoms alone do not establish cause, and propagation decisions can affect plants beyond the observed tree.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-causal-evidence", "name": "Symptoms and causal evidence", "description": "Record canopy, fruit and root-collar symptoms separately from proposed explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-health-assessment", "name": "Qualified health assessment", "description": "Preserve differential explanations and the sampling limits of any diagnostic result.", "questions": [ { "text": "What leaf mottling, chlorosis, shoot dieback, fruit distortion or root-collar injury is present, and how is it distributed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-health-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which examination or laboratory result supports the proposed cause, and which sampled tissues and dates does it cover?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-health-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "care-and-material-release", "name": "Care and material release", "description": "Connect the assessed condition to intervention, follow-up and propagation or movement prerequisites.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-intervention-or-hold", "name": "Justified intervention or hold", "description": "Require an action rationale, applicable external constraints and a way to evaluate the outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the evidence justify monitoring, corrective care, targeted pruning or specialist diagnosis, and what follow-up will test that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-intervention-or-hold-q01" }, { "text": "What source-health evidence and current destination requirements must be satisfied before this plant or its budwood is propagated or moved?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-intervention-or-hold-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Navel oranges (Washington, Navelina, Lane Late and other navels sold as a seedless fresh-fruit class)", "Cara Cara and other red-fleshed navels, marketed as their own supermarket type", "Valencia and other late-season juice oranges", "Blood oranges (Tarocco, Moro, Sanguinello)", "Common blond round oranges (Hamlin, Pineapple, Salustiana)", "Shamouti (Jaffa) oranges", "Acidless or sugar oranges (Succari, Lima, Indian Mosambi)", "Brazilian juice cultivars (Pera, Natal) grown for frozen concentrated orange juice" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical name", "value_or_pattern": "Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck", "note": "Often styled Citrus × sinensis to mark hybrid origin; basionym Citrus aurantium var. sinensis L." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "2711", "note": "Taxid for Citrus sinensis" }, { "scheme": "EPPO Code", "value_or_pattern": "CIDSI", "note": "Plant-health code for the species" }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "28882", "note": "Taxonomic Serial Number for Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck" }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS", "value_or_pattern": "CISI3", "note": "Symbol for Citrus sinensis" }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "0805.10", "note": "Fresh or dried oranges as a customs heading; juice and oil fall under other chapters" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Codex Alimentarius CXS 245-2003, Standard for Oranges (FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission)", "UNECE Standard FFV-14, citrus fruit marketing and commercial quality (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)", "ISO 3140, essential oil of sweet orange expressed (International Organization for Standardization)", "United States Standards for Grades of Oranges, with separate California/Arizona, Florida and Texas texts (USDA Agricultural Marketing Service)", "EU marketing standard for citrus fruit, historically Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011 and successor fruit-and-vegetable marketing rules (European Commission)", "Phytosanitary controls on citrus greening (huanglongbing), citrus canker and fruit flies under the IPPC and national NPPO quarantines (e.g. USDA APHIS)", "Florida Citrus Code, Florida Statutes chapter 601, governing production, inspection and labelling of Florida oranges and juice (State of Florida)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Eaten as fresh whole fruit, especially navel types in winter retail trade", "Extracted as not-from-concentrate juice or frozen concentrated orange juice (Valencia, Hamlin, Pera)", "Cold-pressed peel oil used in flavouring, fragrance and cleaning products (ISO 3140 oil)", "Peel and pulp residues used for pectin, cattle feed and molasses", "Rootstock/scion orchard crop on sour orange, trifoliate and citrange stocks", "Traditional source of dietary vitamin C and of sweet orange peel in some pharmacopoeias" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Fruit equatorial diameter", "typical_range": "53-100", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Fruit mass (table fruit)", "typical_range": "120-250", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Juice content", "typical_range": "35-55", "unit": "% w/w" }, { "quantity": "Soluble solids at harvest", "typical_range": "9-14", "unit": "°Brix" }, { "quantity": "Titratable acidity (as citric acid)", "typical_range": "0.5-1.4", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "TSS:acid maturity ratio", "typical_range": "8-18", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Ascorbic acid in edible portion", "typical_range": "40-70", "unit": "mg/100 g" }, { "quantity": "Cold-pressed peel-oil yield", "typical_range": "0.2-0.5", "unit": "% of fruit mass" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Huanglongbing (citrus greening, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. vectored by psyllids) kills trees and makes fruit bitter, small and unmarketable", "Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri) causes fruit lesions and triggers orchard destruction and trade bans", "Citrus tristeza virus causes quick decline on sour-orange rootstock", "Postharvest green and blue mould (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum) spoil packed fruit", "Tephritid fruit flies make consignments unexportable without cold treatment or other phytosanitary measures", "Freeze injury in subtropical groves; chilling injury of fruit in storage", "Granulation (dry juice vesicles) in overmature navels", "Peel-oil contact dermatitis from limonene; phototoxicity is much weaker than in bergamot or lime but not zero", "Residues of packinghouse fungicides (imazalil, thiabendazole) and orchard insecticides as a food-safety and trade issue" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Brazil is the core frozen-concentrate industry (Pera, Natal, Valencia); the United States splits California navels for fresh fruit from a Florida juice industry now heavily reduced by greening", "Spain and South Africa supply winter navels to Europe; Sicily specialises in pigmented blood oranges (Arancia Rossa di Sicilia PGI)", "India's default sweet orange is Mosambi, paler and lower-acid than Mediterranean navels", "Shamouti (Jaffa) was the historic eastern-Mediterranean fresh type; the name Jaffa is now a trade mark/region story more than a botanical class", "Common names drift: European 'Portugal orange' versus older 'China orange'; Spanish naranja once covered bitter orange as well", "Rootstock choice and legal maturity (Brix/acid ratio versus juice percentage) differ by producing district" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Citrus × aurantium (bitter/Seville orange)", "difference": "Juice and albedo are sharply bitter (neohesperidin/naringin); used for marmalade and neroli, not dessert fruit; petiole wings are typically broader" }, { "name": "Citrus reticulata (mandarin)", "difference": "Fruit is usually smaller with a loosely adherent peel and easily separated segments; leaves are narrower" }, { "name": "Citrus paradisi (grapefruit)", "difference": "Fruit is larger with a distinct naringin bitterness and generally thicker peel" }, { "name": "Citrus maxima (pummelo)", "difference": "Fruit is much larger with a very thick albedo and coarser, less juicy vesicles" }, { "name": "Citrus × clementina (clementine) and other easy-peelers", "difference": "Smaller, usually flatter fruit with a peel that strips by hand; sweet orange rind clings and must be cut or torn" }, { "name": "Tangelos and tangors", "difference": "Rind and flavour are intermediate; necked or looser-skinned fruit and a mandarin aroma separate them from typical round sweet oranges" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Citrus sinensis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic authority and concept boundary should govern Citrus sinensis when botanical treatments use different hybrid names or circumscriptions?", "Which validated combination of morphological, provenance and molecular evidence best separates sweet orange from its closest cultivated lookalikes?", "What cultivar-, rootstock- and site-specific reference ranges support judgments of growth, water stress, nutrition and temperature injury?", "Which sampling protocols and internal maturity thresholds should govern harvest decisions for each cultivar and intended use?", "Which locally relevant pests, diseases, diagnostic methods and plant-material movement requirements must be linked before operational use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Citrus sinensis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Citrus sinensis, assess a sweet orange plant and its attached crop, and determine evidence-based options for care, propagation and harvest.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Citrus sinensis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Citrus sinensis from another, and a Citrus sinensis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Citrus sinensis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Citrus sinensis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Citrus sinensis is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Citrus sinensis and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Citrus sinensis is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Citrus sinensis is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Citrus sinensis is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Citrus sinensis moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Citrus sinensis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Citrus sinensis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Citrus sinensis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Citrus sinensis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Citrus sinensis is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Citrus sinensis, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Citrus sinensis from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Citrus sinensis from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Citrus sinensis does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Citrus sinensis pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Citrus sinensis judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Citrus sinensis lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Citrus sinensis, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Citrus sinensis hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Citrus sinensis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Citrus sinensis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Citrus sinensis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Citrus sinensis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Citrus sinensis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Citrus sinensis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }