{ "model": { "rank": 5853, "code": "thing-q33612", "model_id": "vr.tr.japonic", "name": "Japonic", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Japonic language family and its history, relay classification, stages and debates from linguistic sources with attribution, describe the Ryukyuan languages and their status, and distinguish Japonic from Korean, Ainu and the Altaic hypothesis.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q33612/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Insular Japonic", "Late Middle Japanese", "Early Middle Japanese", "Yamatai", "Proto-Japonic", "Ryukyuan", "Old Japanese", "Kyowa-go", "Peninsular Japonic", "Old Japanese written in hiragana", "Old Japanese written in kanji", "Southern Ryukyuan", "Northern Ryukyuan", "Proto-Ryukyuan", "Kyushu Old Japanese", "Eastern Old Japanese", "pseudo-Goguryeo", "Macro-Yaeyama languages", "Old Okinawan", "Okinoerabu–Yoron–Northern Okinawan", "Southern Amami-Okinawan" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 21, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q33612", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33612", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T06:46:10Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q33612", "registryId": "vr.tr.japonic", "name": "Japonic", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q33612/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.japonic", "name": "Japonic", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Japonic language family and its history, relay classification, stages and debates from linguistic sources with attribution, describe the Ryukyuan languages and their status, and distinguish Japonic from Korean, Ainu and the Altaic hypothesis.", "definition": "A language family comprising Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages of the Ryukyu Islands, descended from Proto-Japonic and attested through Old Japanese, Early and Late Middle Japanese to the modern language, with debated links to the peninsular Japonic languages once spoken in Korea and to the language of the ancient polity of Yamatai; Japonic is generally treated as an independent family, though proposed relations to Korean and Altaic remain unproven, and its insular branch is threatened by the endangerment of Ryukyuan languages.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language family.", "affordances": [ "explain classification", "relay stages and debates", "describe Ryukyuan status", "distinguish from other families" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Japanese and Ryukyuan", "Proto-Japonic reconstruction", "Historical stages", "Independent family" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; Japanese and Ryukyuan languages.", "visual_identification": [ "Family of Japanese and Ryukyuan", "Proto-Japonic, Old Japanese, Early and Late Middle Japanese, Insular Japonic, Ryukyuan, peninsular Japonic", "Korean is a separate family; Ainu is unrelated; the Altaic grouping is disputed" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "about 125", "unit": "million", "note": "mostly Japanese" }, { "quantity": "Ryukyuan languages", "typical_range": "5 to 6", "unit": "count", "note": "UNESCO endangered" }, { "quantity": "Old Japanese attested", "typical_range": "8th century", "unit": "period", "note": "Kojiki and Man yoshu" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Japanese including Old, Early Middle, Late Middle and Modern Japanese", "Ryukyuan languages such as Amami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni", "Insular Japonic as the surviving branch", "peninsular Japonic as a hypothesised extinct branch", "Hachijo as a possible separate branch", "the language of Yamatai as a historical question" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "human language", "why": "in registry terms, as a family" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "Japanese language", "why": "as its largest member" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "Ryukyuan languages", "why": "as the other branch" }, { "relation": "is debated in relation to", "target": "Korean language", "why": "with no accepted link" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Glottolog", "value_or_pattern": "japo1237", "note": "Japonic" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-5", "value_or_pattern": "jpx", "note": "Japanese languages" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Japanese language policy and recognition of Ryukyuan languages", "UNESCO endangered language listings", "ISO 639 codes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating Ryukyuan as dialects rather than languages, which is debated", "Presenting Altaic or Korean links as settled", "Speculation about Yamatai s language presented as fact" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Japonic is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the Japonic family, and how are Japanese and Ryukyuan related, as linguists classify them?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the family, Japanese, Ryukyuan, or a disputed external relation?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stages", "name": "Stages", "description": "Historical stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-finding", "name": "Stages", "description": "Stages.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are Proto-Japonic, Old Japanese and Early and Late Middle Japanese?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific stage?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History and debates.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "origins", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "findings": [ { "id": "origins-finding", "name": "Origins", "description": "Origins.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where did Japonic originate, what is peninsular Japonic, and what is known about the language of Yamatai, with hypotheses attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "external", "name": "External", "description": "External relations.", "findings": [ { "id": "external-finding", "name": "External", "description": "External.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do proposals linking Japonic to Korean, Altaic or Austronesian claim, and why are they unproven, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed and cautious?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ryukyuan", "name": "Ryukyuan", "description": "Ryukyuan languages.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "languages", "name": "Languages", "description": "Languages.", "findings": [ { "id": "languages-finding", "name": "Languages", "description": "Languages.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the Ryukyuan languages, and how do they differ from Japanese?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status and revitalisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "How endangered are Ryukyuan languages, and what revitalisation efforts exist, with positions on language versus dialect attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Ryukyuan languages?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Culture and study.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "literature", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "literature-finding", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "questions": [ { "text": "What literary traditions exist in Japanese and Ryukyuan?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Japanese literature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Study.", "findings": [ { "id": "study-finding", "name": "Study", "description": "Study.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is Japonic studied, and what resources exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Japanese linguistics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Ryukyuan languages and Old Japanese be separate primary entries?", "How should linguistic sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming stages, branches and a historical polity; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Japonic, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Japonic language family and its history, relay classification, stages and debates from linguistic sources with attribution, describe the Ryukyuan languages and their status, and distinguish Japonic from Korean, Ainu and the Altaic hypothesis.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Insular Japonic, Late Middle Japanese, Early Middle Japanese, Yamatai, Proto-Japonic, Ryukyuan, Old Japanese, Kyowa-go, Peninsular Japonic, Old Japanese written in hiragana, Old Japanese written in kanji, Southern Ryukyuan.", "21 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Japonic, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Insular Japonic", "Late Middle Japanese", "Early Middle Japanese", "Yamatai", "Proto-Japonic", "Ryukyuan", "Old Japanese", "Kyowa-go", "Peninsular Japonic", "Old Japanese written in hiragana", "Old Japanese written in kanji", "Southern Ryukyuan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 21 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Japonic from another, and a Japonic from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Japonic sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Japonic from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Japonic passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Japonic between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Japonic, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Japonic is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Japonic says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Japonic contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Japonic and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Japonic a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Japonic, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Japonic exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Japonic and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Japonic, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Japonic, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Japonic came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Japonic and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Japonic is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Japonic, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Japonic, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Japonic is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }