{
    "model": {
        "rank": 1536,
        "code": "thing-q33829",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.human-population",
        "name": "human population",
        "purpose": "Let an agent handle human populations with sourced figures and definitions, and describe peoples respectfully using their own names.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Cross-cutting context",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "XCT",
        "domain": "XCT.QTY",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q33829/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 140,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "Andalusian people",
                "Black Nova Scotians",
                "Teleuts",
                "Tubalar",
                "Telengits",
                "Kumandins",
                "Altai people",
                "Chelkans",
                "de facto population of Greece",
                "permanent population",
                "daytime population",
                "Mongolic peoples",
                "sustainable population",
                "household registration population",
                "civilian population",
                "school age population",
                "native population",
                "Comoros",
                "option of nationality",
                "non-permanent population",
                "total population",
                "hill people",
                "resident population of Greece",
                "Venetian nationalism",
                "Starozhily",
                "inorodtsy",
                "Shanghailander",
                "resident population of Cyprus",
                "vulnerable population",
                "urban population",
                "rural population",
                "Siberians",
                "population present",
                "resident population",
                "suburban population",
                "frail elderly"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 36,
            "merged": 37,
            "knownIn": 140,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q33829",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33829",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T06:00:55Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Claude"
                ],
                "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
                "pass": 2,
                "wave": 1,
                "engine": "claude"
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q33829",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.human-population",
                "name": "human population",
                "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "XCT.QTY"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q33829/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.human-population",
                "name": "human population",
                "purpose": "Let an agent handle human populations with sourced figures and definitions, and describe peoples respectfully using their own names.",
                "definition": "The people living in a given area, or the members of a people or ethnic group, counted and described by censuses and surveys; the registry entry also gathers named peoples.",
                "what_it_is_for": "Planning services, understanding societies and recognising peoples.",
                "affordances": [
                    "count it, in censuses",
                    "describe it, by age, sex and other characteristics",
                    "project it",
                    "recognise peoples and their rights"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "People in an area or group",
                    "Counted by censuses with definitions",
                    "Peoples have self-designations and rights",
                    "Sensitive categories need care"
                ],
                "appearance": "Numbers in censuses and surveys; communities and peoples.",
                "visual_identification": [
                    "Census tables",
                    "Names of peoples such as Teleuts or Black Nova Scotians",
                    "Population pyramids"
                ],
                "physical_properties": [],
                "families_and_kinds": [
                    "resident populations",
                    "national and regional populations",
                    "peoples and ethnic groups",
                    "indigenous peoples",
                    "diaspora communities"
                ],
                "related_models": [
                    {
                        "relation": "is a kind of",
                        "target": "population",
                        "why": "group of organisms"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is counted by",
                        "target": "census",
                        "why": "statistics"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "lives in",
                        "target": "state and city",
                        "why": "place"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "has rights under",
                        "target": "human rights law",
                        "why": "protections"
                    }
                ],
                "identifiers": [
                    {
                        "scheme": "census area code",
                        "value_or_pattern": "national codes",
                        "note": "statistics"
                    }
                ],
                "standards_and_regulation": [
                    "UN Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses",
                    "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples",
                    "Data protection for special category data"
                ],
                "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
                    "Using outdated figures",
                    "Exonyms or offensive names for peoples",
                    "Stereotyping groups",
                    "Processing ethnic data without a lawful basis"
                ],
                "in_scope": [],
                "out_of_scope": [],
                "characteristics": []
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "size",
                        "name": "Size",
                        "description": "How many people.",
                        "rationale": "Figures need source and date.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "count",
                                "name": "Count",
                                "description": "Census and estimates.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "count-finding",
                                        "name": "Count",
                                        "description": "Population figure.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is the population, from which census or estimate, and year?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "How is resident defined?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "trend",
                                "name": "Trend",
                                "description": "Change.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "trend-finding",
                                        "name": "Trend",
                                        "description": "Trend.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How is it changing, and why?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What do projections say?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "composition",
                        "name": "Composition",
                        "description": "Who the people are.",
                        "rationale": "Composition needs careful categories.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "structure",
                                "name": "Structure",
                                "description": "Age and sex.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "structure-finding",
                                        "name": "Structure",
                                        "description": "Demographic structure.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is the age and sex structure?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "From which source?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "groups",
                                "name": "Groups",
                                "description": "Peoples and communities.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "groups-finding",
                                        "name": "Groups",
                                        "description": "Groups and self-identification.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which peoples or communities are part of it, by self-identification?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "How are categories defined?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "peoples",
                        "name": "Peoples",
                        "description": "Named peoples.",
                        "rationale": "Peoples have names, histories and rights.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "names",
                                "name": "Names",
                                "description": "Self-designations.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "names-finding",
                                        "name": "Names",
                                        "description": "Names used.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What do the people call themselves?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which names are considered offensive?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "rights",
                                "name": "Rights",
                                "description": "Recognition.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "rights-finding",
                                        "name": "Rights",
                                        "description": "Legal recognition.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Are they recognised as a minority or indigenous people?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which rights follow?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "handling",
                        "name": "Handling",
                        "description": "Respect and privacy.",
                        "rationale": "Population data is sensitive.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "respect",
                                "name": "Respect",
                                "description": "Non-stereotyping.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "respect-finding",
                                        "name": "Respect",
                                        "description": "Respectful description.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the description respectful and free of stereotypes?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is it based on evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "privacy",
                                "name": "Privacy",
                                "description": "Special categories.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "privacy-finding",
                                        "name": "Privacy",
                                        "description": "Data rules.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is ethnic or religious data processed lawfully?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Could small numbers identify people?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Should named peoples be separate entries?",
                "How should self-designations be prioritised?",
                "How should census definitions be linked?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 4,
                "layers": 8,
                "findings": 8,
                "questions": 16
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "unit, quantity or measure",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a human population, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle human populations with sourced figures and definitions, and describe peoples respectfully using their own names.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "abstract",
                "origin": "conceptual",
                "agency": "inert"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "observed and measured"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Andalusian people, Black Nova Scotians, Teleuts, Tubalar, Telengits, Kumandins, Altai people, Chelkans, de facto population of Greece, permanent population, daytime population, Mongolic peoples.",
                "37 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 140 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a human population, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "observe it, measure it, record its state"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Nothing to see: a unit is a convention. What is seen is an instrument reading in it."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "Andalusian people",
                        "Black Nova Scotians",
                        "Teleuts",
                        "Tubalar",
                        "Telengits",
                        "Kumandins",
                        "Altai people",
                        "Chelkans",
                        "de facto population of Greece",
                        "permanent population",
                        "daytime population",
                        "Mongolic peoples"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 140 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 37 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one human population from another, and a human population from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a human population sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a human population from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a human population passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a human population between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a human population, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a human population is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "definition-and-realisation",
                        "name": "Definition, dimension and realisation",
                        "description": "What human population is defined as and how it is realised in practice.",
                        "rationale": "A unit is not the quantity it measures, and its definition has a history that older data still depends on.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "definition",
                                "name": "Definition and dimension",
                                "description": "The defining relation and the quantity it measures.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "definition-record",
                                        "name": "Definition, body and date",
                                        "description": "What defines it now, and what defined it before.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "definition-record-q01",
                                                "text": "How is human population defined, by which body, and since when?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "definition-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What was the previous definition, and what data still depends on it?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "conversion",
                                "name": "Conversion and compatibility",
                                "description": "Relations to other units, exact or approximate.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "conversion-record",
                                        "name": "Conversions and their exactness",
                                        "description": "Factors, and whether each is exact by definition.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "conversion-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What conversions relate human population to other units, and which are exact by definition?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "conversion-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Where does rounding a conversion change a decision, and how should that be recorded?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a human population came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a human population and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a human population is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a human population, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a human population, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a human population is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 4,
                "layers": 8,
                "findings": 10,
                "questions": 28
            }
        }
    }
}