{ "model": { "rank": 2550, "code": "thing-q34002", "model_id": "vr.tr.sundanese", "name": "Sundanese", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Sundanese, relay speakers, dialects, speech levels and scripts from linguistic and Indonesian sources, describe the named varieties and registers, and distinguish Sundanese from Javanese, Indonesian, Baduy and Sunda as a geographic term.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q34002/", "tier": 2, "score": 103, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Sundanese language in Depok", "Sundanese language in Tegal Regency", "Ciamis Sundanese", "Sundanese dialects", "Hormat", "Loma", "Binong Sundanese", "Serang Sundanese", "North Coast Sundanese", "Cirebonese Sundanese", "Brebes Sundanese", "Rangkasbitung Sundanese", "Bantenese", "Majalengka Sundanese", "Banyumas Sundanese", "Indramayu Sundanese" ], "aliasCount": 16, "merged": 16, "knownIn": 103, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q34002", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34002", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T20:47:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q34002", "registryId": "vr.tr.sundanese", "name": "Sundanese", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q34002/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sundanese", "name": "Sundanese", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Sundanese, relay speakers, dialects, speech levels and scripts from linguistic and Indonesian sources, describe the named varieties and registers, and distinguish Sundanese from Javanese, Indonesian, Baduy and Sunda as a geographic term.", "definition": "An Austronesian language spoken by the Sundanese people, mainly in West Java and Banten in Indonesia, by tens of millions of speakers, making it one of Indonesia s largest regional languages, with a system of speech levels, undak-usuk basa, including the polite hormat or lemes register and the familiar loma register, dialects such as Priangan, the basis of the standard, Ciamis, and varieties spoken in areas such as Depok and Tegal Regency, and written in Latin script and in the revived Sundanese script, aksara Sunda.", "what_it_is_for": "Communication among its speakers.", "affordances": [ "explain speech levels and grammar", "relay dialects and status", "describe named varieties and registers", "distinguish related languages" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Speech levels", "Large speaker base", "Regional language status", "Own script revived" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; written in Latin script and Sundanese script.", "visual_identification": [ "Austronesian language of West Java", "Sundanese in Depok, Sundanese in Tegal Regency, Ciamis Sundanese, Sundanese dialects, hormat, loma", "Javanese is spoken further east; Indonesian is the national language; Baduy is a closely related variety; Sunda is also a geographic name" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "about 30-40 million", "unit": "people", "note": "estimates vary" }, { "quantity": "ISO 639-1", "typical_range": "su", "unit": "code", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "ISO 639-3", "typical_range": "sun", "unit": "code", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Sundanese script in Unicode", "typical_range": "2008", "unit": "year", "note": "Unicode 5.1" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Priangan standard Sundanese", "Banten Sundanese", "Cirebon and eastern dialects such as Ciamis", "peripheral varieties such as in Tegal", "hormat and loma registers" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Malayo-Polynesian languages", "why": "in general terms" }, { "relation": "is spoken by", "target": "Sundanese people", "why": "" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "Sundanese script", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "Javanese language", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "sun", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "West Java regional regulations on local language", "Indonesian language law on regional languages" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing Sundanese and Javanese", "Using wrong speech levels", "Stale speaker figures" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Sundanese is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is Sundanese, and how does it differ from Javanese, Indonesian, Baduy and the geographic term Sunda?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about learning, speech levels, dialects or script?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "varieties", "name": "Varieties", "description": "Named varieties.", "findings": [ { "id": "varieties-finding", "name": "Varieties", "description": "Varieties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the Depok, Tegal and Ciamis varieties, and the hormat and loma registers?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific variety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "linguistics", "name": "Linguistics", "description": "Grammar and levels.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Speech levels", "description": "Undak-usuk basa.", "findings": [ { "id": "levels-finding", "name": "Speech levels", "description": "Speech levels.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Sundanese speech levels express respect?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grammar", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "findings": [ { "id": "grammar-finding", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are key features of Sundanese grammar and phonology?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status and script.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Language policy.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is Sundanese taught and supported in West Java?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits languages of Indonesia?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "script", "name": "Script", "description": "Sundanese script.", "findings": [ { "id": "script-finding", "name": "Script", "description": "Script.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was aksara Sunda revived and standardised?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Sundanese script?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "arts", "name": "Arts", "description": "Arts.", "findings": [ { "id": "arts-finding", "name": "Arts", "description": "Arts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is Sundanese used in wayang golek, degung and pop music?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits wayang golek?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do Old Sundanese manuscripts and inscriptions show?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Sunda Kingdom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should hormat and loma be separate entries?", "How should Indonesian language sources be linked?", "How should local varieties be classified?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Sundanese, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain Sundanese, relay speakers, dialects, speech levels and scripts from linguistic and Indonesian sources, describe the named varieties and registers, and distinguish Sundanese from Javanese, Indonesian, Baduy and Sunda as a geographic term.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Sundanese language in Depok, Sundanese language in Tegal Regency, Ciamis Sundanese, Sundanese dialects, Hormat, Loma, Binong Sundanese, Serang Sundanese, North Coast Sundanese, Cirebonese Sundanese, Brebes Sundanese, Rangkasbitung Sundanese.", "16 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Sundanese, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Sundanese language in Depok", "Sundanese language in Tegal Regency", "Ciamis Sundanese", "Sundanese dialects", "Hormat", "Loma", "Binong Sundanese", "Serang Sundanese", "North Coast Sundanese", "Cirebonese Sundanese", "Brebes Sundanese", "Rangkasbitung Sundanese" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 16 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Sundanese from another, and a Sundanese from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Sundanese sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Sundanese from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Sundanese passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Sundanese between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Sundanese, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Sundanese is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Sundanese says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Sundanese contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Sundanese and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Sundanese a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Sundanese, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Sundanese exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Sundanese and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Sundanese, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Sundanese, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Sundanese came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Sundanese and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Sundanese is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Sundanese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Sundanese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Sundanese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }