{ "model": { "rank": 2198, "code": "thing-q34467", "model_id": "vr.tr.compact-disc", "name": "compact disc", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a compact disc, assess its readability and recording state, and decide how it can be played, read, copied, recorded, preserved or retired.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q34467/", "tier": 2, "score": 112, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "5 × CD", "6 × CD", "Compact Disc Digital Audio", "5.1 Music Disc", "Mini CD", "cDVD", "audiobook CD", "Compressed audio optical disc", "High Definition Compatible Digital", "CD-MO", "CD-RW", "gold compact disc", "CD-R", "CVCD", "HMCD", "2 × CD", "DualDisc", "3 × CD", "Copy Control", "Hybrid disc", "PMCD", "PVD", "CD-ROM", "HDVCD", "4 × CD", "shaped compact disc", "CD-Text", "SHM-CD", "Blu-spec CD", "CD-ROM XA", "Mixed Mode CD", "bootable business card" ], "aliasCount": 32, "merged": 32, "knownIn": 112, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q34467", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34467", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:27:30Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01209006, "turns": 1, "seconds": 146.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b66-31ac-7681-9d08-aaa026260b28\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: compact disc\nRegistry id: vr.tr.compact-disc\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q34467", "registryId": "vr.tr.compact-disc", "name": "compact disc", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q34467/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.compact-disc", "name": "compact disc", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a compact disc, assess its readability and recording state, and decide how it can be played, read, copied, recorded, preserved or retired.", "definition": "A compact disc is a 120 mm (standard) or 80 mm (mini) polycarbonate optical disc that stores digital information as one continuous spiral of pits and lands, recovered through the substrate by a 780 nm infrared laser at constant linear velocity, originally specified by Philips and Sony for 16-bit/44.1 kHz stereo audio and later generalised to computer data and other payloads.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual physical compact disc, its CD-format identity, recording capabilities, recorded layout, physical condition and evidence of usability with particular equipment.", "in_scope": [ "Identification as CD-family optical media, including uncertain or conflicting identification evidence", "Physical form and compatibility with disc-loading mechanisms", "Pressed, recordable or rewritable medium and its current recording state", "Audio tracks, data tracks, sessions and links to recorded content", "Surface condition, read results and preservation needs", "Disc-specific constraints on playback, reading, recording and handling" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The artistic works, software or documents recorded on the disc", "The optical drive or player as equipment", "Cases, sleeves, inserts and storage furniture as separate objects", "DVD, Blu-ray and other non-CD optical media", "Copyright licences, ownership agreements and access permissions as independent records", "Digital disc images and extracted files as independent digital objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A compatible drive identifies the medium as belonging to the CD family; circular shape and a reflective surface alone do not distinguish it from DVD or Blu-ray.", "Disc markings and drive-reported media information support classification as pressed CD, CD-R or CD-RW; record disagreements rather than inferring the type from surface colour.", "Reading identifies a CD track or session layout, or the drive recognises a blank recordable CD; failure to expose ordinary files does not exclude an audio CD.", "CD-family identification remains separate from content format: a disc containing music files is not thereby identified as an audio CD." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "CD-family identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "confirmed CD | suspected CD | conflicting evidence | unidentified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents actions based solely on appearance or an unverified label." }, { "name": "Recording medium", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "pressed | CD-R | CD-RW | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Constrains whether recording, further recording or erasure is possible." }, { "name": "Physical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "standard circular | small circular | shaped | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Affects whether a particular loading mechanism can accept the disc." }, { "name": "Outer diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification of physical format and loading compatibility." }, { "name": "Recorded organisation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "blank | audio tracks | data tracks | audio and data tracks | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines the appropriate playback, inspection and extraction methods." }, { "name": "Recording closure", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "open or appendable | closed or finalised | not applicable | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess further recording and compatibility without equating unused capacity with writable space." }, { "name": "Recording capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "reported total and remaining capacity in sectors, bytes or audio minutes, with reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to assess whether a proposed recording fits under the intended recording mode." }, { "name": "Physical damage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observations of scratches, contamination, cracks, warping, label damage or layer separation, with location and severity", "why_it_matters": "Separates potentially recoverable read problems from conditions that may make loading unsafe." }, { "name": "Read verification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "untested | fully read within stated scope | partially read | unreadable on tested equipment | inconsistent", "why_it_matters": "Expresses demonstrated usability without treating a successful sample or failed attempt as a universal result." }, { "name": "Equipment compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to tested players or drives, with operation, result and test date", "why_it_matters": "Compatibility depends on the medium, recorded organisation and equipment used." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the medium and inspect its track or session organisation using compatible equipment.", "Play audio tracks or read data tracks when the relevant equipment supports them.", "Extract tracks or create a preservation image when authorised, recording completeness and read errors.", "Record or append content when the medium, recording state and available capacity permit it.", "Erase or rewrite a confirmed rewritable disc when authorised and after assessing preservation needs.", "Choose appropriate handling, cleaning, storage, recovery or retirement actions from observed condition." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iec-60908", "title": "IEC 60908: Compact disc digital audio system - International Electrotechnical Commission", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Physical and logical specification of CD-DA: 16-bit/44.1 kHz stereo audio, CIRC, EFM, frame structure, and player/disc parameters later treated as the Red Book in IEC form." }, { "id": "iso-iec-10149", "title": "ISO/IEC 10149 / ECMA-130: Data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks (CD-ROM) - ISO/IEC and Ecma International", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Yellow Book physical CD-ROM: 120 mm disc geometry, sectoring (Mode 1/Mode 2), and interchange of read-only data discs." }, { "id": "iso-9660", "title": "ISO 9660: Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange - International Organization for Standardization", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The dominant volume/file system on data CDs, including the interchange limits that later extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge) work around." }, { "id": "pohlmann-1992", "title": "The Compact Disc Handbook, 2nd ed. (Ken C. Pohlmann) - A-R Editions", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Engineering account of pit/land readout, CIRC, capacities, and the Rainbow Book family as used in audio and data practice." }, { "id": "wikidata-q34467", "title": "Compact disc (Q34467) - Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34467", "what_it_supports": "Stable public identifier for the artefact class and links to related optical-disc items.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cd-identification", "name": "CD identification", "description": "Establish whether the object is a compact disc and which physical and recording variant it represents.", "rationale": "Similar-looking optical discs can require different equipment and permit different operations.", "layers": [ { "id": "format-evidence", "name": "Format evidence", "description": "Reconcile visible identifiers with evidence obtained from optical equipment.", "findings": [ { "id": "cd-family-confirmation", "name": "CD-family confirmation", "description": "Record the basis for identifying the disc as CD-family media, including contradictory or unavailable evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What markings or drive-reported information identify this medium as a CD rather than DVD, Blu-ray or another optical format?", "kind": "definition", "id": "cd-family-confirmation-q01" }, { "text": "Which observation or device produced the identification, and does it agree with the printed label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cd-family-confirmation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-variant", "name": "Physical variant", "description": "Identify the disc's form and relevant loading constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "disc-form-and-fit", "name": "Disc form and fit", "description": "Record dimensions, shape and attachments needed to assess acceptance by a specific loading mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the disc's measured outer diameter and shape, and are any adhesive labels or adapters attached?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "disc-form-and-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Does the intended tray, spindle or slot-loading mechanism explicitly support this physical variant?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "disc-form-and-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recording-capability", "name": "Recording capability", "description": "Determine which recording operations the medium and its present state permit.", "rationale": "A blank, appendable, finalised or rewritable disc presents materially different action choices.", "layers": [ { "id": "medium-capabilities", "name": "Medium capabilities", "description": "Establish recording capabilities inherent to the identified medium.", "findings": [ { "id": "recordability-class", "name": "Recordability class", "description": "Distinguish pressed media from recordable and rewritable media using explicit identification evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a pressed disc, CD-R or CD-RW, and what evidence establishes that classification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "recordability-class-q01" }, { "text": "Which recording or erasure operations does the identified medium support with the intended writer?", "kind": "action", "id": "recordability-class-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "current-write-state", "name": "Current write state", "description": "Assess present recording state and capacity for the proposed operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "appendability-and-capacity", "name": "Appendability and capacity", "description": "Record blankness, closure state and usable remaining capacity as distinct observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the writer report the disc as blank, appendable or closed, and what sessions are already present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "appendability-and-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "Can the proposed recording fit and complete in the chosen recording mode without erasing content that must be retained?", "kind": "action", "id": "appendability-and-capacity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recorded-organisation", "name": "Recorded organisation", "description": "Describe how recorded material is arranged and exposed on the disc.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish audio tracks, data tracks and sessions to avoid incomplete playback or extraction.", "layers": [ { "id": "tracks-and-sessions", "name": "Tracks and sessions", "description": "Establish the readable physical recording layout.", "findings": [ { "id": "layout-inventory", "name": "Layout inventory", "description": "Record reported sessions, track ordering, track types and extents, including unresolved regions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sessions and tracks are reported, in what order, and which are identified as audio or data?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "layout-inventory-q01" }, { "text": "Does the inventory cover the entire reported disc layout, or only the portion exposed by the current player or operating system?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "layout-inventory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-association", "name": "Content association", "description": "Connect recorded regions to content records without treating packaging claims as verified contents.", "findings": [ { "id": "labels-and-readable-content", "name": "Labels and readable content", "description": "Separate printed titles, filesystem labels and inspected contents, and link each to its evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which content identifications come from printing or packaging, and which were established by reading the disc?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "labels-and-readable-content-q01" }, { "text": "Which external content records correspond to each readable track or data volume, and where is the correspondence uncertain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "labels-and-readable-content-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-readability", "name": "Condition and readability", "description": "Assess physical defects and demonstrated read performance.", "rationale": "Visual condition and actual readability provide different evidence for safe loading, recovery and preservation.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-condition", "name": "Physical condition", "description": "Inspect the disc surfaces, centre and edge before choosing an intervention.", "findings": [ { "id": "damage-and-contamination", "name": "Damage and contamination", "description": "Locate contamination and structural or surface damage without assuming that appearance predicts data loss.", "questions": [ { "text": "What scratches, deposits, cracks, warping or signs of layer separation are visible on each face, the centre hole and the outer edge?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "damage-and-contamination-q01" }, { "text": "Do the observed defects justify withholding the disc from a drive pending further assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "damage-and-contamination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "read-evidence", "name": "Read evidence", "description": "Record reproducible read outcomes and their coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-readable-extent", "name": "Verified readable extent", "description": "Tie successful reads, errors and inconsistencies to tested regions, equipment and methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tracks or address ranges were read successfully, which failed, and what remains untested?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-readable-extent-q01" }, { "text": "Which drive, software, settings and test date produced these results, and were repeat reads consistent?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-readable-extent-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-preservation", "name": "Use and preservation", "description": "Choose operations appropriate to the disc's capabilities, condition and preservation needs.", "rationale": "Recognition and inspection must lead to concrete decisions about playback, extraction, intervention and retention.", "layers": [ { "id": "operation-selection", "name": "Operation selection", "description": "Match an intended use to compatible equipment and established prerequisites.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-next-operation", "name": "Supported next operation", "description": "Determine whether the requested playback, data access, recording or erasure operation can proceed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the selected equipment support this medium type and recorded organisation for the requested operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-next-operation-q01" }, { "text": "Before recording or erasing, which existing tracks or sessions must be preserved, and what linked authority permits the change?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-next-operation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preservation-decisions", "name": "Preservation decisions", "description": "Connect preservation actions to the disc's observed condition and the completeness of recovered material.", "findings": [ { "id": "recovery-and-retention", "name": "Recovery and retention", "description": "Record the next handling or recovery action and distinguish a verified preservation copy from a partial extraction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should the disc next be stored, cleaned using a supported method, read with other compatible equipment or referred for specialist recovery?", "kind": "action", "id": "recovery-and-retention-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows that a linked extraction or disc image preserves the required tracks, sessions and metadata, and what omissions remain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recovery-and-retention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Pressed audio CD (CD-DA / Red Book)", "CD-ROM (Yellow Book data disc)", "CD-R (write-once dye recordable)", "CD-RW (phase-change rewritable)", "Video CD and Super Video CD (White Book)", "Enhanced CD / CD Extra / mixed-mode (audio plus data sessions)", "Mini CD (80 mm audio or data)", "Shaped or business-card CD (non-round, limited drive compatibility)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q34467", "note": "Item for compact disc as a storage medium." }, { "scheme": "IEC", "value_or_pattern": "IEC 60908", "note": "CD digital audio system standard (Red Book in IEC form)." }, { "scheme": "ISO/IEC", "value_or_pattern": "ISO/IEC 10149", "note": "Physical CD-ROM (read-only 120 mm optical data disk)." }, { "scheme": "ISO", "value_or_pattern": "ISO 9660", "note": "CD-ROM volume and file structure, not a disc serial." }, { "scheme": "GTIN / EAN-13 / UPC", "value_or_pattern": "retail barcode on the package or on-disc print", "note": "Identifies a commercial release, not the physical disc format." }, { "scheme": "Label catalogue number", "value_or_pattern": "issuer-assigned album/single cat. no. (varies by label)", "note": "Primary identifier in discographies; not standardised globally." }, { "scheme": "CD-R ATIP", "value_or_pattern": "Absolute Time in Pre-groove manufacturer/dye codes", "note": "Identifies recordable media stock and writer timing, not pressed titles." }, { "scheme": "Table-of-contents disc ID", "value_or_pattern": "CDDB / Gracenote / MusicBrainz disc ID from track offsets", "note": "Fingerprint of a particular pressing's TOC, not a printed code on the disc." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60908 Compact disc digital audio system - International Electrotechnical Commission (Philips/Sony Red Book in IEC form)", "ISO/IEC 10149 and ECMA-130, Data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks (CD-ROM) - ISO/IEC; Ecma International", "ISO 9660 Volume and file structure of CD-ROM - ISO", "Philips/Sony Rainbow Books (Red, Yellow, Orange, Green, White, Blue) - Philips and Sony, licensed as Compact Disc Digital Audio and related marks", "OSTA MultiRead - Optical Storage Technology Association, so CD-ROM drives can read lower-reflectivity CD-RW", "Serial Copy Management System (SCMS) on consumer digital outputs - specified in the CD-DA ecosystem", "U.S. Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 - SCMS and royalty scheme for consumer digital audio recorders, not a disc geometry standard", "ISO 18927 (imaging materials - recordable compact disc systems - method for estimating life expectancy based on effects of temperature and relative humidity) - ISO" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Pressed retail music albums and singles played in home, portable, and car CD decks", "1990s-2000s distribution of PC software, games, drivers, and encyclopedias as CD-ROM", "Consumer and office burning of CD-R/CD-RW for photos, documents, and short-term backup", "Library, radio, and archival holdings of commercial audio CDs as the circulating or preservation copy", "Embedded and industrial playback (kiosks, older medical/imaging carts, some test equipment) where a disc is still the install or update medium", "DJ and broadcast playback from audio CDs or CDJs, now largely displaced by files but still encountered" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Outer diameter", "typical_range": "120 (standard) or 80 (mini)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Thickness", "typical_range": "1.2", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Centre hole diameter", "typical_range": "15", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Mass", "typical_range": "about 15-20 (120 mm)", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "User data capacity", "typical_range": "650 (74 min) or 700 (80 min); 800 uncommon/nonstandard", "unit": "MB (decimal marketing) / MiB in computing" }, { "quantity": "Red Book playing time", "typical_range": "74 or 80", "unit": "min" }, { "quantity": "Audio coding", "typical_range": "16-bit, 44.1 kHz, 2-channel linear PCM (~1411", "unit": "kbit/s" }, { "quantity": "Read laser wavelength", "typical_range": "780", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Track pitch", "typical_range": "1.6", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Scanning velocity (CLV)", "typical_range": "1.2-1.4", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "Reflectivity (pressed / CD-RW)", "typical_range": "≥70 pressed; ~15-25 CD-RW", "unit": "%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Scratches, cracks, and hub-area breakage that interrupt tracking or shatter in a high-speed PC drive", "Corrosion or pinholing of the aluminium reflector and poor lacquer (\"disc rot\", including historic bronzing on some pressings)", "CD-R dye fade and oxidation from heat, humidity, and light; brand-dependent life from a few years to a few decades, unsuitable as a sole archive", "Damage to the label face, which sits much closer to the data layer than the polycarbonate read face", "Warp from heat (cars, attics) causing focus/tracking failure", "Unreadable or nonstandard TOC, including early-2000s copy-controlled CDs that fail in PCs and some car heads", "CD-RW reflectivity below what an older audio player will accept", "Broken polycarbonate edges are sharp; discs are not a chemical ingestion standard hazard in normal use" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Spelling: optical media are \"disc\" in the Philips/Sony and IEC usage; \"disk\" is the usual magnetic-media spelling in US computing, so mixed catalogues confuse the two", "Japan commonly issued 8 cm CD singles; Europe used 12 cm maxi-CD singles with extra tracks; US retail leaned less on the CD single", "Copy-controlled CDs (CCCD) were pushed hardest in some European and US major-label releases in the early 2000s and are now a known playback incompatibility class", "Video CD was a mass movie format in parts of Asia and less so in North America, where DVD arrived as the consumer video disc", "Japanese mini-LP CD reissues (cardboard sleeves, obi) are a packaging practice, not a different physical format", "Super Audio CD (a neighbour format) had relatively stronger audiophile/Japanese retail presence than Red Book CD, which remained global" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "DVD", "difference": "Same 120 mm × 1.2 mm outline, but 650 nm laser, smaller pits, different data-layer depth, and typical single-layer capacity around 4.7 GB; a CD drive cannot read a DVD." }, { "name": "Blu-ray Disc", "difference": "405 nm laser and much higher areal density (25 GB single-layer typical); physically similar disc but incompatible optics and file systems." }, { "name": "Super Audio CD (SACD)", "difference": "Looks like a CD; hybrid discs carry a Red Book layer a CD player can use, plus a DSD layer that only an SACD-capable pickup can read." }, { "name": "MiniDisc", "difference": "64 mm magneto-optical disc in a cartridge, typically ATRAC-compressed; not pit-and-land CD and not playable in a CD transport." }, { "name": "LaserDisc", "difference": "About 300 mm analog (later digital-audio) optical videodisc; same \"laser reads a disc\" idea, incompatible size, modulation, and players." }, { "name": "Vinyl LP / 7-inch", "difference": "Analog mechanical groove, not optical pits; identified by a stylus, 33⅓/45 rpm, and lack of a laser-readable polycarbonate sandwich." }, { "name": "DVD-Audio", "difference": "MLP/high-resolution audio on DVD physical media, not Red Book 16/44.1; a CD player will not play the DVD-Audio layer." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of compact disc this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to include shaped promotional CDs, small-format CDs and hybrid media containing a CD-readable layer?", "Which authoritative format references and drive reports should resolve conflicting identifications of CD variants and recording states?", "What inspection criteria should require withholding a cracked, warped or otherwise damaged disc from a drive?", "Which read-verification methods and acceptance criteria are appropriate for audio playback, file recovery and preservation imaging respectively?", "Which cleaning and storage guidance is supported for each medium construction, including discs with adhesive labels or visible layer deterioration?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a compact disc, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a compact disc, assess its readability and recording state, and decide how it can be played, read, copied, recorded, preserved or retired.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: 5 × CD, 6 × CD, Compact Disc Digital Audio, 5.1 Music Disc, Mini CD, cDVD, audiobook CD, Compressed audio optical disc, High Definition Compatible Digital, CD-MO, CD-RW, gold compact disc.", "32 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 112 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a compact disc, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "5 × CD", "6 × CD", "Compact Disc Digital Audio", "5.1 Music Disc", "Mini CD", "cDVD", "audiobook CD", "Compressed audio optical disc", "High Definition Compatible Digital", "CD-MO", "CD-RW", "gold compact disc" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 112 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 32 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one compact disc from another, and a compact disc from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a compact disc sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a compact disc from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a compact disc is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a compact disc is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a compact disc is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a compact disc is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a compact disc is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a compact disc is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a compact disc passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a compact disc between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a compact disc, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a compact disc is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What compact disc is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does compact disc perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise compact disc, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How compact disc is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does compact disc have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does compact disc need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about compact disc is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about compact disc hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern compact disc, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a compact disc came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a compact disc and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a compact disc is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a compact disc, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a compact disc, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a compact disc is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }