X-ray
Enable an AI agent to recognise X-rays as electromagnetic radiation, explain their properties and interactions with matter, distinguish the radiation from its sources and applications, and identify applicable radiation-protection constraints.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
5 bundles · 10 layers · 10 findings · 20 questions
Examination intent The subject, target and question that make this a particular X-ray examination.
Subject and target
Identity and localisation of what is to be imaged.
Target identification
Record the subject, intended region or component, and any required side or orientation.
- Which subject and precise body region or object component does the request identify? definition
- What evidence connects that target to the subject presented for acquisition? provenance
Imaging question
The purpose against which the examination will be assessed.
Requested evidence
Record the question the examination should address and who supplied it.
- What clinical, inspection or research question should this X-ray examination help answer? definition
- Which request or responsible person establishes that question and its relevant context? provenance
Technique and coverage The chosen imaging method and intended spatial coverage.
Technique boundary
Identification of the actual X-ray acquisition method.
Method classification
Record the named technique and whether this registry entry owns the activity or references a neighbouring model.
- Which X-ray technique is requested, and how is it identified in the source record? definition
- Does the registry include this technique here or assign it to a separate examination model? boundary
Acquisition plan
Required views, positioning and coverage for the stated purpose.
Planned views and conditions
Record the intended acquisitions and conditions that affect how they can be obtained.
- Which named views, projections or coverage limits are required by the recorded plan? definition
- Which positioning or access limitations require the plan to be reviewed or adapted? action
Readiness and exposure controls Decisions and prerequisites governing whether acquisition may proceed.
Examination authority
The recorded decision permitting the proposed examination.
Authorised imaging purpose
Connect the proposed acquisition to its responsible reviewer and applicable decision.
- Who is responsible for authorising this examination in its application context, and where is the decision recorded? provenance
- Which unresolved conditions prevent acquisition from proceeding? action
Protection prerequisites
Context-specific checks for the subject and exposure environment.
Applicable exposure checks
Record required checks and their disposition without imposing a universal clinical or industrial checklist.
- Which subject-specific or area-control checks does the applicable procedure require before this acquisition? boundary
- What evidence shows each required check is satisfied, inapplicable or awaiting a responsible decision? provenance
Acquisition and image adequacy What was acquired and whether the resulting images serve the examination's purpose.
Performed acquisitions
Traceability from actual acquisition events to images and exposure records.
Acquisition evidence
Record performed views, acquisition context, image links and available exposure quantities.
- Which views or coverage were actually acquired, and which images belong to each acquisition? provenance
- Which exposure settings or dose indicators were recorded, with what quantity names, units and sources? measurement
Usable image set
Purpose-specific adequacy and the disposition of deficient acquisitions.
Adequacy and repeat review
Record assessed coverage, positioning, motion or other limitations and any decision about additional acquisition.
- Who assessed whether the images answer the stated question, and what coverage or image-quality limitations were recorded? provenance
- If an acquisition is inadequate, what authorised decision records acceptance of the limitation, a repeat or another next step? action
Interpretation and completion The transition from acquired images to a documented and appropriately communicated examination outcome.
Interpretation status
The examination's relationship to an accountable interpretation.
Interpretation linkage
Link the relevant interpretation and its status to the image set it addresses.
- Which interpretation or report addresses this image set, and who is responsible for it? provenance
- Is interpretation pending, preliminary, final or amended, and what limitations does it retain? definition
Examination disposition
Completion conditions and outstanding handoffs.
Completion and handoff
Record whether the examination has met its workflow obligations and where unresolved work is assigned.
- Which acquisition, interpretation and communication obligations must be satisfied before this examination is considered complete? definition
- What outstanding review, communication or further-imaging decision requires a handoff, and to whom? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.FLW
- Other names and narrower kinds
- characteristic x-ray, high-energy X-ray
What it is Filled
This model owns X-ray electromagnetic radiation as a physical phenomenon, including its spectral identity, generation, propagation, interactions with matter, detection and radiation hazards.
In scope
- The spectral identity and electromagnetic nature of X-rays are within scope.
- Physical mechanisms of X-ray generation and propagation are within scope.
- Absorption, scattering, transmission and ionisation in matter are within scope.
- Detection evidence and descriptions of X-ray radiation fields are within scope.
- Biological and material effects and applicable radiation-protection constraints are within scope.
Out of scope
- Medical examinations and industrial inspection activities are independently modelled applications.
- X-ray sources, detectors and imaging equipment are independently modelled devices.
- Image files and reports are independently managed information artefacts.
- Clinical diagnoses, treatment plans and inspection decisions are outside scope.
- Therapeutic irradiation activities are outside scope as independently modelled applications.
Why it exists Filled
Enable an AI agent to recognise X-rays as electromagnetic radiation, explain their properties and interactions with matter, distinguish the radiation from its sources and applications, and identify applicable radiation-protection constraints.
Distinguishing features Filled
- X-rays are electromagnetic radiation rather than an examination, image or device.
- X-rays are ionising radiation that can interact with both living tissue and nonliving materials.
- Their transmission, absorption and scattering depend on the radiation's properties and the material encountered.
- X-rays differ from ultrasound, which consists of mechanical waves.
- X-rays and gamma rays can overlap in photon energy, so their distinction can depend on the emission mechanism and naming convention.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Generate or direct X-ray exposure without the required authority and radiation-protection controls.
- Bypass shielding, access controls or safety interlocks.
- Treat an unverified radiation field as safe.
- Make final clinical interpretations or exposure decisions without the required qualified professional.
Only with a human decision
- Qualified review is required for decisions authorising human exposure.
- Qualified review is required for safety assessments of suspected uncontrolled exposure.
- Qualified review is required for changes to radiation-protection controls.
May
- Explain X-ray properties, interactions with matter and applications using established scientific information.
- Describe radiation hazards and applicable protection requirements from approved information.
- Record authorised radiation observations and flag uncertain or conflicting evidence.
Moral aspects Filled
- Uses of X-rays must account for potential harm to exposed people and the benefits of the intended application.
- People who may be exposed deserve appropriate information and protection.
- Radiation protection must include workers, bystanders and people who cannot consent to exposure.
- Personal exposure records and associated health information require confidentiality.
Who is affected
- Patients can be affected by medical exposure.
- Workers can be affected by occupational exposure.
- Bystanders and nearby communities can be affected by unintended exposure.
- Unborn children can be affected by exposure during pregnancy.
Owners Filled
Steward
X-ray radiation as a physical phenomenon has no owner; operators of X-ray sources and designated radiation-protection personnel are responsible for controlled uses.
Master systems
- Radiation source registers document regulated sources.
- Radiation monitoring and exposure records document relevant observations and exposures.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q18335 - registry parent class
- Q55698119 - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.x-ray
- Wikidata: Q34777 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34777)
Direct properties required Filled
- Application context: Human clinical; veterinary; industrial inspection; research; other; unresolved
- Imaging subject and target: Identified subject linked to a body region, side, component or inspection area
- Examination objective: Linked request stating the question the images are intended to address
- Acquisition technique: Projection radiography; CT; fluoroscopy; other specified X-ray technique; unresolved
- Acquisition coverage: Named views, projections or coverage requirements with planned and acquired status
- Exposure evidence: Available technique settings and dose indicators, each with its original quantity name, unit, source and acquisition association
- Examination stage: Requested; awaiting review; ready; acquiring; acquired; awaiting interpretation; completed; deferred; cancelled
- Image adequacy: Unassessed; adequate for stated purpose; limited; inadequate; assessor and reason required
- Authorisation and restrictions: Linked responsible authority, decision, applicable conditions and unresolved holds
Recognition not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
X-ray radiation is invisible to human vision and requires suitable detectors to establish its presence.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Check whether a request identifies the correct subject, target and imaging question.
- Route unresolved technique, scope or radiation-protection issues to the responsible reviewer.
- Compare planned views or coverage with the acquisitions actually recorded.
- Associate images and exposure evidence with the correct examination and acquisition.
- Flag limited images, rejected acquisitions and proposed repeats for authorised review.
- Track interpretation, communication and completion against the examination's stated purpose.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Exposure to X-rays can damage living tissue and increase the risk of cancer.
- High exposures can cause tissue injuries such as skin burns and cataracts.
- Failures in shielding, access control or exposure management can expose people unintentionally.
- X-ray exposure can damage sensitive electronic components and radiation-sensitive materials.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- General Safety Requirements Part 3, issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency with partner organizations, establishes international radiation protection and safety requirements covering exposure to X-rays.
- Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom, issued by the Council of the European Union, establishes basic safety standards for protection against ionising radiation within its scope.
Context of use required Filled
- X-ray radiation is used in medical imaging to reveal internal structures through differences in absorption and transmission.
- It is also used in security screening, industrial inspection and scientific analysis of materials and crystal structures.
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q34777: X-ray - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: X-ray - general description of the item
Open questions
- Does vr.tr.x-ray denote an examination activity, an image artefact, radiation or another concept, given that no registry definition is recorded?
- Does an existing world model already own this concept, requiring a registry link instead of a new publication?
- Does this entry cover only projection radiography, or also CT, fluoroscopy and other X-ray techniques?
- Which human clinical, veterinary, industrial or research contexts must this model support, and which require specialised models?
- Which authoritative procedures establish context-specific authorisation, exposure records, image adequacy and completion requirements?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q34777/spec.json