{ "model": { "rank": 1316, "code": "thing-q35497", "model_id": "vr.tr.ancient-greek", "name": "Ancient Greek", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Ancient Greek, relay its periods, dialects, literature and influence from classics and linguistics sources, describe the named dialects, and distinguish Ancient Greek from Modern Greek, Koine as a stage, Mycenaean Greek and Latin.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q35497/", "tier": 2, "score": 156, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Yevanic", "Classical Greek", "New Ancient Greek", "Ancient Greek dialects", "Attic Greek" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 156, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q35497", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35497", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T03:18:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q35497", "registryId": "vr.tr.ancient-greek", "name": "Ancient Greek", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q35497/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ancient-greek", "name": "Ancient Greek", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Ancient Greek, relay its periods, dialects, literature and influence from classics and linguistics sources, describe the named dialects, and distinguish Ancient Greek from Modern Greek, Koine as a stage, Mycenaean Greek and Latin.", "definition": "The form of the Greek language used in ancient Greece from roughly the ninth century BC to the end of antiquity, encompassing dialects the registry aliases name such as Attic, the prestige dialect of classical Athens, and Classical Greek, along with later Yevanic or Judaeo-Greek; Ancient Greek is the language of Homer, classical literature, philosophy and the New Testament in its Koine form, and it strongly influenced later languages and scientific vocabulary. It is studied as a classical language, is distinct from Modern Greek though ancestral to it, and its dialects and periods are distinguished by scholars.", "what_it_is_for": "The classical Greek language of antiquity.", "affordances": [ "explain periods and dialects", "relay literature and influence", "describe named dialects", "distinguish related languages" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Classical language", "Several dialects", "Rich literature", "Ancestral to Modern Greek" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; written in the Greek alphabet in ancient texts.", "visual_identification": [ "Greek language of antiquity", "Yevanic, Classical Greek, New Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek dialects, Attic Greek", "Modern Greek is the living descendant; Koine is a later stage; Mycenaean Greek is earlier; Latin is a separate classical language" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "period", "typical_range": "about 9th century BC to late antiquity", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "key dialect", "typical_range": "Attic", "unit": "note", "note": "classical Athens" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "Hellenic", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Attic and Ionic", "Doric and Aeolic", "Koine Greek", "Judaeo-Greek or Yevanic" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Hellenic languages", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is the ancestor of", "target": "Modern Greek", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "Koine Greek", "why": "a stage" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "Mycenaean Greek", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Classical language teaching standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing Ancient and Modern Greek", "Confusing dialects and periods", "Anachronistic pronunciation claims" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Ancient Greek is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is Ancient Greek, and how does it differ from Modern Greek, Koine, Mycenaean Greek and Latin?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a dialect, period or the literature?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dialects", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Named dialects.", "findings": [ { "id": "dialects-finding", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Dialects.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are Attic, Classical and Judaeo-Greek?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "language", "name": "Language", "description": "Language.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "periods", "name": "Periods", "description": "Periods and dialects.", "findings": [ { "id": "periods-finding", "name": "Periods", "description": "Periods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are the periods and dialects of Ancient Greek distinguished?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "koine", "name": "Koine", "description": "Koine Greek.", "findings": [ { "id": "koine-finding", "name": "Koine", "description": "Koine.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was Koine Greek and its role?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Koine Greek?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "literature", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "classics", "name": "Classics", "description": "Classical literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "classics-finding", "name": "Classics", "description": "Classics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What major works are in Ancient Greek?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "newtestament", "name": "New Testament", "description": "Koine New Testament.", "findings": [ { "id": "newtestament-finding", "name": "New Testament", "description": "New Testament.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is the New Testament written in Koine Greek?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information accurate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Influence.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "influence", "name": "Influence", "description": "Influence.", "findings": [ { "id": "influence-finding", "name": "Influence", "description": "Influence.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Ancient Greek influence later languages and scientific vocabulary?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Greek loanwords?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "modern", "name": "Modern", "description": "Relation to Modern Greek.", "findings": [ { "id": "modern-finding", "name": "Modern", "description": "Modern.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does Ancient Greek relate to Modern Greek?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Koine be a separate entry?", "How should dialects be documented?", "How should influence on scientific vocabulary be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Ancient Greek, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain Ancient Greek, relay its periods, dialects, literature and influence from classics and linguistics sources, describe the named dialects, and distinguish Ancient Greek from Modern Greek, Koine as a stage, Mycenaean Greek and Latin.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Yevanic, Classical Greek, New Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek dialects, Attic Greek.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 156 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Ancient Greek, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Yevanic", "Classical Greek", "New Ancient Greek", "Ancient Greek dialects", "Attic Greek" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 156 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Ancient Greek from another, and a Ancient Greek from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Ancient Greek sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Ancient Greek from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Ancient Greek passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Ancient Greek between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Ancient Greek, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Ancient Greek is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Ancient Greek says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Ancient Greek contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Ancient Greek and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Ancient Greek a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Ancient Greek, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Ancient Greek exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Ancient Greek and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Ancient Greek, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Ancient Greek, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Ancient Greek came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Ancient Greek and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Ancient Greek is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Ancient Greek, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Ancient Greek, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Ancient Greek is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }