{ "model": { "rank": 3692, "code": "thing-q35855", "model_id": "vr.tr.toothpaste", "name": "toothpaste", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise toothpaste, record its formulation and usable state, and assess possible uses against its documented purpose and instructions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q35855/", "tier": 2, "score": 83, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Listerine", "liquid dentifrice", "Doramad Radioactive Toothpaste", "Macleans", "COLGATE MY TOOTH DOC", "DAB’R SENSITIVE TEETH", "Dabur Herbal Toothpaste", "Dabur Red Gel Toothpaste", "MY MY DENTA FRESH RED GEL TOOTHPASTE", "SENSODYNE RAPID ACTION", "COLGATE MAX FRESH COOL MINT (BLUE)", "Sensodyne", "Colgate", "Pepsodent", "Babool", "Euthymol", "Ultra Brite", "Sensodyne ProNamel" ], "aliasCount": 18, "merged": 18, "knownIn": 83, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q35855", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35855", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:53:43Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 29.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5b-34d1-72c3-ade6-5b928995571f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toothpaste\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5b-3512-7742-a80c-b3963538da34\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toothpaste\nRegistry id: vr.tr.toothpaste\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q35855", "registryId": "vr.tr.toothpaste", "name": "toothpaste", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q35855/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.toothpaste", "name": "toothpaste", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise toothpaste, record its formulation and usable state, and assess possible uses against its documented purpose and instructions.", "definition": "Toothpaste is a formulated dentifrice, usually a paste or gel, applied with a toothbrush to clean teeth and deliver ingredients that may help prevent dental caries or address other oral-care needs.", "scope_statement": "This model owns toothpaste as a formulated physical dentifrice intended for use with a toothbrush, including paste and gel forms, while distinguishing the registered kind from particular formulations, marketed products, batches and dispensed portions.", "in_scope": [ "Paste and gel dentifrices intended for brushing teeth", "Ingredient roles, declared active substances and formulation compatibility", "Documented cleaning, cosmetic and oral-care purposes", "Dispensing, brushing instructions and intended user restrictions", "Formulation stability, contamination indicators and package-mediated usability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Toothbrush construction and powered brushing mechanisms", "Mouthwash, dental floss and independently used whitening treatments", "Dry tooth powders and dentifrice tablets before conversion into a brushing preparation", "Professional polishing compounds and dental restorative materials", "Diagnosis of oral conditions and personalised treatment planning", "Packaging design and waste systems beyond their effects on toothpaste use" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its documented intended use involves brushing teeth with a formulated preparation, distinguishing it from mouthwash intended for rinsing.", "It is supplied as a paste or gel, distinguishing its supplied form from loose tooth powder and solid dentifrice tablets.", "It acts as the preparation used during brushing rather than as the brushing implement itself.", "Its identity depends on dental brushing use rather than appearance alone; a whitening gel intended for a tray is not automatically toothpaste.", "Fluoride presence is a formulation characteristic rather than a required identity test; the model accommodates products declared with or without fluoride." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Supplied form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "paste | gel | combined paste-and-gel | other documented form", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the physical-form boundary and informs dispensing and consistency checks." }, { "name": "Identity level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "registered kind | formulation | marketed product | batch | packaged unit | dispensed portion", "why_it_matters": "Prevents product claims, batch observations and portion measurements from becoming universal properties of toothpaste." }, { "name": "Ingredient and function declarations", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "ingredient linked to declared or substantiated formulation roles", "why_it_matters": "Separates cleaning ingredients, active substances and supporting ingredients without inferring functions from names alone." }, { "name": "Fluoride declaration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ppm fluoride or labelled concentration with substance, basis and source retained; undeclared distinguished from zero", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison without confusing fluoride-ion content with the concentration of a fluoride compound." }, { "name": "Intended users", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented age range, human or animal use, and additional labelled restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Makes applicability explicit instead of assuming every toothpaste has the same intended users." }, { "name": "Abrasion test result", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "reported index or result with test method, substrate and conditions; unknown when unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Supports evidence-based comparison without estimating abrasivity from texture, ingredient names or marketing language." }, { "name": "Dispensed quantity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g per portion, or exact labelled qualitative amount with its intended-user context", "why_it_matters": "Connects dispensing to instructions without inventing a mass conversion for qualitative descriptions." }, { "name": "Observed formulation condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently uniform | separated | dried | discoloured | unusual odour | suspected contamination | unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Records observations relevant to usability while keeping appearance separate from verified safety or performance." }, { "name": "Use-life status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "within documented use life | beyond documented use life | indeterminate", "why_it_matters": "Relates expiry and opening information to actual storage history and available instructions." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a brushing preparation and distinguish its formulation, product and batch identities.", "Compare documented ingredients, intended purposes and user restrictions across toothpaste products.", "Interpret concentration declarations while preserving their original measurement basis.", "Retrieve applicable dispensing, brushing and storage instructions.", "Record changes in consistency, package integrity and possible contamination for a usability assessment.", "Flag unsupported claims, missing evidence and cases requiring professional advice." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "dentifrice-identity", "name": "Dentifrice identity", "description": "Defines the toothpaste boundary and locates observations at the correct identity level.", "rationale": "An agent must recognise toothpaste by preparation and intended use without confusing the registered kind with a particular tube or therapeutic claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "brushing-preparation-boundary", "name": "Brushing preparation boundary", "description": "Separates toothpaste from adjacent oral-care preparations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supplied-form-and-intended-use", "name": "Supplied form and intended use", "description": "Record physical form and documented brushing use together as the basis for classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the preparation supplied as a paste or gel intended for use with a toothbrush?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supplied-form-and-intended-use-q01" }, { "text": "Does its intended application instead place it with rinses, tray gels, powders, tablets or professional polishing compounds?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supplied-form-and-intended-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formulation-product-and-batch", "name": "Formulation, product and batch", "description": "Assigns declarations and observations to the toothpaste entity they actually describe.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-and-variant-linkage", "name": "Identity and variant linkage", "description": "Associate evidence with the exact formulation, market variant, batch or packaged unit where known.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which formulation, flavour, market version and batch does this label or observation describe?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-and-variant-linkage-q01" }, { "text": "Is a recorded property shared by the formulation or observed only in this packaged unit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-and-variant-linkage-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "toothpaste-formulation", "name": "Toothpaste formulation", "description": "Captures ingredients, their supported roles and concentration declarations.", "rationale": "Toothpaste identity alone cannot establish its active content, cleaning system or formulation behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "ingredient-roles", "name": "Ingredient roles", "description": "Describes how the formulation is assembled without assuming every toothpaste uses the same ingredient system.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-composition-and-functions", "name": "Declared composition and functions", "description": "Link listed ingredients to supported roles such as abrasive, humectant, binder, surfactant, flavouring or active substance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What ingredients are declared, and which roles are explicitly documented for this formulation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-composition-and-functions-q01" }, { "text": "Which functional assignments remain uncertain because the ingredient list does not establish concentration or purpose?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-composition-and-functions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "active-content-and-compatibility", "name": "Active content and compatibility", "description": "Preserves the chemical and measurement context needed to interpret active ingredients.", "findings": [ { "id": "active-declarations-and-availability", "name": "Active declarations and availability", "description": "Distinguish labelled active concentration from measured availability and evidence of compatibility within the formulation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which active substances and concentrations are declared, and does each value refer to an ion, compound or another stated basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "active-declarations-and-availability-q01" }, { "text": "What formulation-specific evidence addresses active availability or interactions during storage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "active-declarations-and-availability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "brushing-performance-and-claims", "name": "Brushing performance and claims", "description": "Connects cleaning behaviour and advertised benefits to appropriately scoped evidence.", "rationale": "Foam, flavour, abrasivity and benefit claims describe different aspects of toothpaste and cannot substitute for one another.", "layers": [ { "id": "cleaning-and-abrasion", "name": "Cleaning and abrasion", "description": "Records tested cleaning effects and abrasion measurements with their methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "cleaning-results-and-test-context", "name": "Cleaning results and test context", "description": "Keep stain-removal or cleaning results separate from abrasion indices and subjective texture.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cleaning and abrasion results exist for this formulation, with which methods and tested surfaces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cleaning-results-and-test-context-q01" }, { "text": "Do the test conditions support the proposed comparison with another toothpaste?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cleaning-results-and-test-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "benefit-claim-evidence", "name": "Benefit claim evidence", "description": "Separates claimed outcomes from evidence establishing their applicability.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-specific-support", "name": "Claim-specific support", "description": "Associate claims such as cavity protection, sensitivity relief or whitening with the exact supporting evidence and conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact benefit is claimed, including the meaning of whitening or sensitivity relief where used?", "kind": "definition", "id": "claim-specific-support-q01" }, { "text": "Does the supporting evidence concern this formulation, an ingredient alone or a different product?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "claim-specific-support-q02" }, { "text": "Which users, use duration and brushing conditions limit the claim's applicability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claim-specific-support-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "directed-use-and-exposure", "name": "Directed use and exposure", "description": "Connects intended users and label instructions to dispensing and brushing actions.", "rationale": "An agent needs product-specific directions to interpret use without generating universal dosing or suitability rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "user-applicability", "name": "User applicability", "description": "Records who the toothpaste is intended for and which restrictions accompany that use.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-user-and-restriction-record", "name": "Intended user and restriction record", "description": "Capture labelled age, species, supervision and ingredient-related restrictions without inferring personal suitability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which user groups and restrictions are specified by the applicable product instructions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intended-user-and-restriction-record-q01" }, { "text": "What missing user information would prevent an agent from applying those instructions confidently?", "kind": "action", "id": "intended-user-and-restriction-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dispensing-and-brushing-directions", "name": "Dispensing and brushing directions", "description": "Preserves instructions about quantity, frequency and handling during or after brushing.", "findings": [ { "id": "instruction-bound-use", "name": "Instruction-bound use", "description": "Record dispensing and brushing directions alongside any instructions concerning swallowing, spitting or rinsing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What quantity and frequency are directed for the identified user group?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "instruction-bound-use-q01" }, { "text": "What do the instructions say about supervision, swallowing, spitting and rinsing?", "kind": "action", "id": "instruction-bound-use-q02" }, { "text": "Which documented contact or guidance applies if use departs from those instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "instruction-bound-use-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-dispensing-condition", "name": "Stability and dispensing condition", "description": "Assesses toothpaste condition through storage history, observed changes and the dispensing interface.", "rationale": "A correct formulation declaration does not establish that a particular opened tube remains usable.", "layers": [ { "id": "formulation-condition-over-time", "name": "Formulation condition over time", "description": "Relates physical changes and use-life information to documented storage requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "storage-history-and-visible-change", "name": "Storage history and visible change", "description": "Record separation, drying or other changes without treating appearance alone as proof of safety or failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What expiry, opening and storage information is available for this unit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "storage-history-and-visible-change-q01" }, { "text": "What changes in consistency, colour or odour have been observed, and against what baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "storage-history-and-visible-change-q02" }, { "text": "What documented criteria support continued use, further assessment or disposal?", "kind": "action", "id": "storage-history-and-visible-change-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "package-contact-and-delivery", "name": "Package contact and delivery", "description": "Models package features only where they affect toothpaste protection and dispensing.", "findings": [ { "id": "closure-nozzle-and-portion-delivery", "name": "Closure, nozzle and portion delivery", "description": "Capture seal condition, closure function, outlet contamination and the ability to dispense the instructed portion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the seal, closure and outlet intact, and is there evidence of contamination, leakage or blockage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "closure-nozzle-and-portion-delivery-q01" }, { "text": "Can this dispenser deliver the instructed quantity consistently, and what handling directions apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "closure-nozzle-and-portion-delivery-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the product category, not a particular brand, formulation or tube; toothpaste is a consumable mixture rather than a device.", "Standard editions, current regulatory provisions and jurisdiction-specific concentration limits require verification.", "Fluoride content, abrasivity and claimed benefits vary by formulation; the concentration range given does not cover all products." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fluoride anticaries toothpaste", "Fluoride-free toothpaste", "Desensitizing toothpaste", "Whitening toothpaste", "Tartar-control toothpaste", "High-fluoride prescription toothpaste" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "GS1 Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)", "value_or_pattern": "GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13 or GTIN-14", "note": "Identifies a commercial product and packaging configuration, not toothpaste as a general substance." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "Individual chemical ingredients may have CAS Registry Numbers.", "note": "Toothpaste is a formulated mixture and has no single CAS number covering the category." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 11609, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies requirements, test methods and marking for dentifrices.", "The US Food and Drug Administration regulates anticaries toothpastes under its framework for over-the-counter anticaries drug products.", "The European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 governs toothpastes marketed as cosmetics, including ingredient restrictions and labelling." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cleaning tooth surfaces during brushing.", "Delivering fluoride for caries prevention.", "Reducing dentinal sensitivity with suitable formulations.", "Removing extrinsic stains with whitening formulations.", "Reducing calculus accumulation with tartar-control formulations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Fluoride concentration in common consumer fluoride toothpastes", "typical_range": "Approximately 1000-1500", "unit": "ppm fluoride by mass" }, { "quantity": "Relative dentin abrasivity (RDA)", "typical_range": "Formulation-dependent; no single typical range asserted", "unit": "Dimensionless comparative index" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Repeated swallowing of fluoride toothpaste during tooth development can contribute to dental fluorosis.", "Ingestion of sufficiently large quantities can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and, for fluoride-containing products, systemic toxicity.", "Flavourings, surfactants or other ingredients can cause irritation or allergic reactions in susceptible users.", "Abrasive formulations combined with forceful brushing can contribute to tooth wear, particularly on exposed dentin.", "Ingredient incompatibility or deterioration can reduce available fluoride or destabilize the formulation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Classification as a cosmetic, an over-the-counter drug or a prescription medicine depends on jurisdiction, composition and claims.", "Permitted fluoride compounds, concentration limits and required warnings vary by jurisdiction.", "Product availability and preferences vary for flavours, foaming characteristics and ingredients such as herbal extracts or charcoal." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Dentifrice", "difference": "Dentifrice is the broader category of preparations used with a toothbrush to clean teeth; toothpaste is its paste or gel form." }, { "name": "Tooth powder", "difference": "A tooth powder is a dry particulate dentifrice rather than a ready-to-use paste or gel." }, { "name": "Mouthwash", "difference": "Mouthwash is a liquid intended for rinsing rather than a dentifrice applied during brushing." }, { "name": "Toothbrush", "difference": "A toothbrush is the cleaning implement; toothpaste is the consumable formulation used with it." }, { "name": "Professional prophylaxis paste", "difference": "Professional prophylaxis paste is intended for clinician-operated polishing rather than routine home toothbrushing." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of toothpaste this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the wider registry already assign toothpaste, dentifrice or veterinary toothpaste to an existing authoritative model, and where should those boundaries fall?", "Which current standards and jurisdiction-specific rules apply to toothpaste testing, classification, active-content declarations and labelling?", "Which formulation-specific sources establish cleaning performance, abrasion, active availability and claimed benefits?", "What evidence supports practical usability decisions after separation, drying, unusual storage or suspected outlet contamination?", "How should qualitative dispensing instructions be represented when no validated mass equivalent is available?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a toothpaste, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise toothpaste, record its formulation and usable state, and assess possible uses against its documented purpose and instructions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Listerine, liquid dentifrice, Doramad Radioactive Toothpaste, Macleans, COLGATE MY TOOTH DOC, DAB’R SENSITIVE TEETH, Dabur Herbal Toothpaste, Dabur Red Gel Toothpaste, MY MY DENTA FRESH RED GEL TOOTHPASTE, SENSODYNE RAPID ACTION, COLGATE MAX FRESH COOL MINT (BLUE), Sensodyne.", "18 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a toothpaste, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Listerine", "liquid dentifrice", "Doramad Radioactive Toothpaste", "Macleans", "COLGATE MY TOOTH DOC", "DAB’R SENSITIVE TEETH", "Dabur Herbal Toothpaste", "Dabur Red Gel Toothpaste", "MY MY DENTA FRESH RED GEL TOOTHPASTE", "SENSODYNE RAPID ACTION", "COLGATE MAX FRESH COOL MINT (BLUE)", "Sensodyne" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 18 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one toothpaste from another, and a toothpaste from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a toothpaste sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a toothpaste from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a toothpaste is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a toothpaste is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a toothpaste is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a toothpaste is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a toothpaste is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a toothpaste is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a toothpaste passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a toothpaste between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a toothpaste, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a toothpaste is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What toothpaste is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does toothpaste perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise toothpaste, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How toothpaste is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does toothpaste have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does toothpaste need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about toothpaste is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about toothpaste hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern toothpaste, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a toothpaste came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a toothpaste and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a toothpaste is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a toothpaste, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a toothpaste, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a toothpaste is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }