{ "model": { "rank": 2118, "code": "thing-q35966", "model_id": "vr.tr.ancient-celts", "name": "Ancient Celts", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the ancient Celts by period, region, archaeology and sources, separating evidence from romantic myth and modern identity.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q35966/", "tier": 2, "score": 114, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Trinovantes", "Ambidravi", "Ambilici", "Caereni", "Picts", "Carnonacae", "Carvetii", "Senones", "Western Celts", "Namnetes", "Catenates", "Lugii", "Insubres", "Galatians", "Silures", "Leucians", "Lugi", "Decantae", "Creones", "Volcae", "Uberaci", "Celtici", "Vennones", "Nemetes", "Salassi", "Iapydes", "Durotriges", "Alpini", "Gododdin", "Gallaecian culture", "Viducasses", "Vindelici", "Venicones", "Vacomagi", "Acitavones", "Alauni", "Cosuanetes", "Laianci", "Saevates", "Insular Celts" ], "aliasCount": 217, "merged": 218, "knownIn": 114, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q35966", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35966", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T09:12:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q35966", "registryId": "vr.tr.ancient-celts", "name": "Ancient Celts", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q35966/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ancient-celts", "name": "Ancient Celts", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the ancient Celts by period, region, archaeology and sources, separating evidence from romantic myth and modern identity.", "definition": "The ancient Celts, a collection of Iron Age and later peoples of Europe who spoke Celtic languages and shared cultural traits, known from archaeology such as Hallstatt and La Tene cultures and from Greek and Roman writers; groups include the Trinovantes and many other tribes.", "what_it_is_for": "A subject of history, archaeology and linguistics.", "affordances": [ "describe archaeological cultures", "identify named peoples and regions", "evaluate classical sources critically", "distinguish ancient Celts from modern Celtic identity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Iron Age European peoples", "Celtic languages", "Known from archaeology and classical texts", "Not a single unified nation" ], "appearance": "Known through artefacts, hillforts, art styles and inscriptions.", "visual_identification": [ "Hallstatt and La Tene material culture", "Named peoples from classical sources", "Modern Celtic nations are a separate topic" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "continental Celts such as Gauls", "Celtiberians", "insular Celts in Britain and Ireland", "Galatians", "named tribal groups" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "historical ethnic group", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "spoke", "target": "Celtic languages", "why": "language" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "archaeology and history", "why": "fields" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "tribe", "why": "social unit" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Heritage protection for archaeological sites" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Romanticised or pseudo-historical claims", "Treating classical accounts as neutral", "Conflating ancient and modern identities" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "peoples", "name": "Peoples", "description": "Who they were.", "rationale": "Evidence defines them.", "layers": [ { "id": "region", "name": "Region", "description": "Where and when.", "findings": [ { "id": "region-finding", "name": "Region", "description": "Region and period.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Celtic people, region and period is meant?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources name them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "language", "name": "Language", "description": "Celtic languages.", "findings": [ { "id": "language-finding", "name": "Language", "description": "Language.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about their language?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which inscriptions survive?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "name": "Evidence", "description": "Archaeology and texts.", "rationale": "Sources must be weighed.", "layers": [ { "id": "archaeology", "name": "Archaeology", "description": "Material culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "archaeology-finding", "name": "Archaeology", "description": "Archaeological evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does archaeology show about their settlements and art?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is it dated?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classical", "name": "Classical sources", "description": "Bias.", "findings": [ { "id": "classical-finding", "name": "Classical", "description": "Classical sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do Greek and Roman writers say, and with what bias?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How do historians weigh them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "myth", "name": "Myth", "description": "Romantic claims.", "rationale": "Myths need labelling.", "layers": [ { "id": "claims", "name": "Claims", "description": "Popular ideas.", "findings": [ { "id": "claims-finding", "name": "Claims", "description": "Popular claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a popular claim about the Celts supported by evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How should it be labelled?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "modern", "name": "Modern identity", "description": "Distinction.", "findings": [ { "id": "modern-finding", "name": "Modern", "description": "Modern Celtic identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is modern Celtic identity being conflated with ancient peoples?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "heritage", "name": "Heritage", "description": "Sites and objects.", "rationale": "Heritage needs protection.", "layers": [ { "id": "sites", "name": "Sites", "description": "Hillforts and oppida.", "findings": [ { "id": "sites-finding", "name": "Sites", "description": "Sites.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sites can be visited?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they protected?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "objects", "name": "Objects", "description": "Museums.", "findings": [ { "id": "objects-finding", "name": "Objects", "description": "Objects.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are notable objects held?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How secure are attributions?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should named Celtic peoples be separate entries?", "How should archaeological cultures be linked?", "How should modern Celtic identity be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Ancient Celts, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe the ancient Celts by period, region, archaeology and sources, separating evidence from romantic myth and modern identity.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Trinovantes, Ambidravi, Ambilici, Caereni, Picts, Carnonacae, Carvetii, Senones, Western Celts, Namnetes, Catenates, Lugii.", "218 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Ancient Celts, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Trinovantes", "Ambidravi", "Ambilici", "Caereni", "Picts", "Carnonacae", "Carvetii", "Senones", "Western Celts", "Namnetes", "Catenates", "Lugii" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 218 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Ancient Celts from another, and a Ancient Celts from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Ancient Celts sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Ancient Celts from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Ancient Celts passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Ancient Celts between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Ancient Celts, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Ancient Celts is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Ancient Celts.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Ancient Celts and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Ancient Celts, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Ancient Celts and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Ancient Celts sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What Ancient Celts is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does Ancient Celts take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of Ancient Celts, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in Ancient Celts and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of Ancient Celts may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does Ancient Celts have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Ancient Celts came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Ancient Celts and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Ancient Celts is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Ancient Celts, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Ancient Celts, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Ancient Celts is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }