{ "model": { "rank": 1720, "code": "thing-q36534", "model_id": "vr.tr.chemical-reaction", "name": "chemical reaction", "purpose": "Let an agent reason about a reaction through its equation, conditions, rate, energy and hazards, and never give instructions that make a dangerous reaction easier to perform.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q36534/", "tier": 2, "score": 130, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 130, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q36534", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:26:34Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q36534", "registryId": "vr.tr.chemical-reaction", "name": "chemical reaction", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q36534/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.chemical-reaction", "name": "chemical reaction", "purpose": "Let an agent reason about a reaction through its equation, conditions, rate, energy and hazards, and never give instructions that make a dangerous reaction easier to perform.", "definition": "A process in which substances, the reactants, are transformed into different substances, the products, by breaking and forming chemical bonds, while elements are conserved.", "what_it_is_for": "Making new substances, releasing or storing energy, and explaining change in matter.", "affordances": [ "write and balance its equation", "control it, through temperature, pressure, concentration and catalysts", "measure its rate, yield and energy change", "scale it up, which changes the hazards" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "New substances form, unlike physical changes such as melting", "Atoms are conserved; nuclear reactions are a different category", "Described by a balanced equation with stoichiometry", "Rate and equilibrium are separate questions" ], "appearance": "Signs include colour change, gas bubbles, a precipitate, heat or light, or a change in smell; many reactions show no visible sign.", "visual_identification": [ "A new substance appears, seen as a precipitate, gas or colour change", "Temperature changes without heating or cooling from outside", "Visible signs are not conclusive; analysis confirms the products" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "enthalpy of reaction", "typical_range": "-several thousand to +several hundred", "unit": "kJ/mol", "note": "negative is exothermic" }, { "quantity": "activation energy", "typical_range": "10-300", "unit": "kJ/mol", "note": "governs how rate depends on temperature" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "by mechanism: synthesis, decomposition, substitution, redox, acid-base, precipitation, combustion", "by energy: exothermic, endothermic", "by phase: homogeneous, heterogeneous", "by catalysis: catalysed, enzymatic, uncatalysed" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "transforms", "target": "chemical substance", "why": "reactants and products are substance models" }, { "relation": "is described by", "target": "chemical equation", "why": "the balanced equation is its formal record" }, { "relation": "is controlled by", "target": "catalyst", "why": "catalysts change rate without being consumed" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "physical change", "why": "no new substance forms in a physical change" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Rhea ID", "value_or_pattern": "numeric", "note": "curated biochemical reactions" }, { "scheme": "RInChI", "value_or_pattern": "reaction InChI string", "note": "standard reaction identifier" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IUPAC recommendations on nomenclature and kinetics", "Process safety regulations such as Seveso III in the EU and OSHA PSM in the US", "GHS labelling for the substances involved" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Runaway exothermic reactions, which cause fires and explosions", "Toxic or flammable products and by-products", "Incompatible reactants mixed by mistake", "Scale-up that changes heat removal and hazards" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "equation-and-stoichiometry", "name": "Equation and stoichiometry", "description": "What reacts and what forms.", "rationale": "The balanced equation is the minimum record of a reaction.", "layers": [ { "id": "equation", "name": "Equation", "description": "Reactants and products.", "findings": [ { "id": "equation-finding", "name": "Balanced equation", "description": "The balanced equation and states.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the balanced equation, with states of matter?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which side products or by-products form?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "yield", "name": "Yield", "description": "Theoretical and actual yield.", "findings": [ { "id": "yield-finding", "name": "Yield data", "description": "The yield obtained and expected.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the theoretical and actual yield?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What limits the yield?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditions-and-kinetics", "name": "Conditions and kinetics", "description": "How fast and under what conditions.", "rationale": "Conditions and rate decide whether a reaction is useful or dangerous.", "layers": [ { "id": "conditions", "name": "Conditions", "description": "Temperature, pressure, solvent and catalyst.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditions-finding", "name": "Reaction conditions", "description": "The conditions used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under what conditions does the reaction proceed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What catalyst, if any, is involved?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rate", "name": "Rate", "description": "Rate law and activation energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "rate-finding", "name": "Kinetic data", "description": "The rate law and parameters.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the rate law, and how was it determined?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How does the rate change with temperature?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-and-equilibrium", "name": "Energy and equilibrium", "description": "Heat and extent.", "rationale": "Energy change is both a resource and the main hazard.", "layers": [ { "id": "energy", "name": "Energy change", "description": "Enthalpy and heat release.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-finding", "name": "Thermochemistry", "description": "The enthalpy change and heat release rate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the enthalpy change?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How fast is heat released, and can it be removed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "equilibrium", "name": "Equilibrium", "description": "Extent and reversibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "equilibrium-finding", "name": "Equilibrium data", "description": "The equilibrium constant and position.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reaction reversible, and what is its equilibrium constant?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How can the equilibrium be shifted?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Hazards and limits.", "rationale": "Reaction hazards come from energy, products and incompatibility; the model must carry them and refuse unsafe help.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Runaway, toxic products and incompatibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazards-finding", "name": "Hazard assessment", "description": "The hazards and their controls.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hazards does this reaction present?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What controls are required at this scale?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits on assistance", "description": "What an agent must not help with.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-finding", "name": "Assistance limits", "description": "Requests that must be declined.", "questions": [ { "text": "Would giving procedural detail here make harm easier?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What safe, general information can be given instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should reaction classes and specific reactions be separate entries?", "How should reaction hazards be represented so agents decline unsafe requests consistently?", "Which identifier should be preferred for reactions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a chemical reaction, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent reason about a reaction through its equation, conditions, rate, energy and hazards, and never give instructions that make a dangerous reaction easier to perform.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 130 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a chemical reaction, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 130 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one chemical reaction from another, and a chemical reaction from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a chemical reaction sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a chemical reaction from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a chemical reaction passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a chemical reaction between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a chemical reaction, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a chemical reaction is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a chemical reaction proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a chemical reaction, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a chemical reaction and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a chemical reaction consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a chemical reaction takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What chemical reaction is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of chemical reaction are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is chemical reaction operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of chemical reaction and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of chemical reaction?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as chemical reaction?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a chemical reaction came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a chemical reaction and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a chemical reaction is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a chemical reaction, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a chemical reaction, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a chemical reaction is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }