{ "model": { "rank": 6255, "code": "thing-q37041", "model_id": "vr.tr.classical-chinese", "name": "Classical Chinese", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Classical Chinese usage, assess the evidence and uncertainty behind a reading, and decide whether to transcribe, annotate, translate, compare or request specialist review.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q37041/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "kanbun", "hentai kanbun" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q37041", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37041", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:28:42Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00861492, "turns": 1, "seconds": 148.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 90.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c0b-c2f3-7762-bf3f-dcd1dfaf5b0c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Classical Chinese\nRegistry id: vr.tr.classical-chinese\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q37041", "registryId": "vr.tr.classical-chinese", "name": "Classical Chinese", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q37041/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.classical-chinese", "name": "Classical Chinese", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Classical Chinese usage, assess the evidence and uncertainty behind a reading, and decide whether to transcribe, annotate, translate, compare or request specialist review.", "definition": "Classical Chinese is the prestige written register of Sinitic, grammatically and lexically modelled on late Zhou and Western Han prose, used for administration, scholarship, and belles-lettres in China and the wider Sinosphere until vernacular writing displaced it as the default medium in the early twentieth century.", "scope_statement": "For registry entry vr.tr.classical-chinese, this model owns the linguistic identity, attested conventions and interpretation requirements of Classical Chinese, using passages as evidence; whether later Literary Chinese belongs within the entry remains an explicit boundary question.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence for identifying Classical Chinese at passage level, including mixed or imitative usage.", "Period-sensitive vocabulary, grammatical constructions and discourse conventions.", "Character readings, textual variants and editorial segmentation where they affect interpretation.", "Competing interpretations, their supporting attestations and unresolved ambiguities.", "Conditions for producing traceable annotations, translations and Classical Chinese compositions." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Physical manuscripts, conservation condition and ownership, which belong to document and collection models.", "The Chinese writing system as a whole, including calligraphic styles and character encoding standards.", "Modern spoken Chinese varieties and general modern Chinese proficiency.", "Reconstructed historical pronunciation as an independent phonological system.", "The truth of philosophical, historical or scientific claims expressed in a text.", "Complete bibliographies, author biographies and literary-work lifecycle records." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Test connected clauses for combinations of particle functions, word order and contextual lexical usage; isolated characters such as 之 or 也 do not establish Classical Chinese identity. Grammatical orientation: [Stanford Chinese Texts](https://chinesetexts.stanford.edu/1-classical-chinese/).", "Distinguish language from script: traditional characters, simplified characters or an unpunctuated presentation cannot independently distinguish Classical Chinese from modern written Chinese.", "Distinguish Classical Chinese from reconstructed Old Chinese speech: a written passage does not by itself establish its historical pronunciation or its correspondence to everyday speech.", "Distinguish early Classical Chinese from later Literary Chinese by recording composition context and the attested linguistic profile separately; an archaizing construction alone does not date a text.", "Distinguish sustained Classical Chinese usage from quotations and idioms embedded in modern prose by testing the surrounding clauses and recording the exact extent of each register." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classical Chinese identification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | supported | disputed | unsupported, with passage-level evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents script appearance or a familiar quotation from determining the classification of an entire text." }, { "name": "Working chronological scope", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "early classical core | later literary continuation | modern imitation | mixed | unresolved; record the adopted boundary", "why_it_matters": "Makes the operational meaning of Classical Chinese explicit without silently deciding the registry's unresolved scope." }, { "name": "Attestation context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to dated or approximately dated passages, genres, witnesses and editions; composition and witness dates distinguished", "why_it_matters": "A construction or sense needs contextual evidence before it can support a reading." }, { "name": "Graph interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "direct reading | variant graph | proposed phonetic loan | suspected corruption | unresolved, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Different explanations for a written form justify different editorial and interpretive actions." }, { "name": "Segmentation status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "inherited from edition | independently proposed | competing segmentations | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Word and clause boundaries can determine the resulting grammatical analysis." }, { "name": "Construction analysis", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Passage spans linked to proposed particle functions, constituent roles and comparable attestations", "why_it_matters": "Exposes the basis for a parse rather than treating a fluent translation as grammatical evidence." }, { "name": "Interpretive intervention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "transcription | punctuation | normalization | supplied referent | emendation | translation | imitation; multiple values allowed", "why_it_matters": "Keeps observed wording distinguishable from material introduced by an editor or agent." }, { "name": "Unresolved consequential readings", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Count of unresolved alternatives that change a named passage's proposition, participant roles or requested output", "why_it_matters": "Helps decide whether a translation can proceed with alternatives or needs further research." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a passage's linguistic register with explicit evidence and boundaries.", "Propose punctuation, lexical segmentation and grammatical analyses while preserving alternatives.", "Compare witnesses and parallel passages to investigate variant characters or disputed readings.", "Produce aligned glosses and translations that identify supplied content and interpretive choices.", "Generate explicitly labelled Classical Chinese imitations against a declared period and genre profile.", "Route unresolved graph readings, constructions or allusions to targeted research or specialist review." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "pulleyblank-1995", "title": "Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Specialist grammatical description of the late Zhou-Han written register that sinologists call Classical Chinese." }, { "id": "norman-1988", "title": "Chinese", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Places Classical/Literary Chinese in the history of Sinitic and distinguishes it from spoken Old, Middle and modern varieties." }, { "id": "iso-639-3-lzh", "title": "ISO 639-3 code lzh (Literary Chinese)", "url": "https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lzh", "what_it_supports": "The registered language identifier and the standard name Literary Chinese for this written tradition.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wang-li-gudai-hanyu", "title": "古代汉语 (Ancient Chinese)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The standard PRC textbook distinction of 文言文, 虚词, 通假 and the school canon that still structures how the register is taught." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "classical-language-boundary", "name": "Classical language boundary", "description": "Establish what Classical Chinese means for this entry and which stretches of language meet that working definition.", "rationale": "The registry supplies no definition, so neither chronology nor inclusion of later Literary Chinese should be silently assumed.", "layers": [ { "id": "classical-scope-convention", "name": "Classical scope convention", "description": "Record the adopted relationship between the early classical core and later literary practice.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-classical-boundary", "name": "Declared classical boundary", "description": "Require an explicit operational boundary supported by named references and corpus examples, with disputed extensions retained as unresolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does Classical Chinese here designate an early written-language core, or also specified later Literary Chinese practices?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-classical-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which periods, corpora or usages remain undecided under that definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-classical-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "passage-register-evidence", "name": "Passage register evidence", "description": "Locate Classical Chinese usage within texts that may contain quotations, commentary or other registers.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-register-attribution", "name": "Bounded register attribution", "description": "Record exact spans and linguistic evidence for classification, separating a quoted classical passage from its surrounding prose.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spans show sustained Classical Chinese grammar and vocabulary rather than isolated inherited expressions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-register-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed constructions support the classification, and what evidence would weaken it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bounded-register-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "written-evidence-and-readings", "name": "Written evidence and readings", "description": "Connect interpretive work to the actual characters and textual witnesses used.", "rationale": "A reading may depend on a variant graph, an edition's intervention or a transcription error; the agent must identify which evidence it is interpreting.", "layers": [ { "id": "witness-and-edition", "name": "Witness and edition", "description": "Identify the source of the wording and distinguish transmitted text from editorial presentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-passage-wording", "name": "Traceable passage wording", "description": "Retain a locatable source for the passage and identify transcription, punctuation and normalization interventions. Digital comparison capabilities are illustrated by the [Chinese Text Project introduction](https://ctext.org/introduction).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which witness, edition, page or stable passage locator supplies the characters being analysed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-passage-wording-q01" }, { "text": "Which characters, punctuation marks or normalized forms were introduced by a transcriber or editor?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-passage-wording-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "graph-and-variant-resolution", "name": "Graph and variant resolution", "description": "Evaluate written-form alternatives without silently replacing the evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-graph-reading", "name": "Justified graph reading", "description": "Distinguish a documented variant from a proposed loan reading, damaged text, OCR error or conjectural correction, and preserve the original form.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supports treating this graph as a variant or loan for another word rather than reading it directly?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "justified-graph-reading-q01" }, { "text": "Can the proposed interpretation retain the transmitted graph, or must an explicit emendation be presented for review?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-graph-reading-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lexicon-and-clause-analysis", "name": "Lexicon and clause analysis", "description": "Represent the lexical and grammatical decisions required to read a passage.", "rationale": "An agent needs passage-specific analyses of words, particles and constructions rather than automatic substitutions from modern Chinese.", "layers": [ { "id": "contextual-lexical-sense", "name": "Contextual lexical sense", "description": "Determine candidate word boundaries and senses using relevant attestations.", "findings": [ { "id": "attested-word-and-sense", "name": "Attested word and sense", "description": "Record candidate lexical units, contextual senses and supporting examples without assuming each graph is a separate word or importing a modern compound reading.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which adjacent graphs should be read together here, and what supports that segmentation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attested-word-and-sense-q01" }, { "text": "Which period- and genre-relevant attestations support the proposed sense over competing senses?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attested-word-and-sense-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "particles-and-constructions", "name": "Particles and constructions", "description": "Resolve grammatical functions from the clause and its context.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-clause-parse", "name": "Supported clause parse", "description": "Record how word order and particles support a parse, including alternatives for forms such as 之, 者, 所 and 也. Reference orientation: [Stanford Chinese Texts](https://chinesetexts.stanford.edu/1-classical-chinese/).", "questions": [ { "text": "What function does each relevant particle perform in this construction, and which constituent does it govern or relate to?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-clause-parse-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative punctuation or constituent analysis changes who acts, what is predicated or what is negated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-clause-parse-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "discourse-and-inherited-context", "name": "Discourse and inherited context", "description": "Track information recovered from surrounding discourse, genre conventions and earlier texts.", "rationale": "Grammatical plausibility alone may leave participants, speech force or an allusive expression unresolved.", "layers": [ { "id": "implicit-participants-and-force", "name": "Implicit participants and force", "description": "Expose contextual inferences that supply missing participants or determine the utterance's function.", "findings": [ { "id": "recoverable-discourse-inference", "name": "Recoverable discourse inference", "description": "Record candidate referents and utterance readings separately from explicit wording; omitted subjects and indicative-versus-imperative readings can be disputed. Discussion: [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which subjects, objects or possessors are supplied by the reading, and where are their proposed referents established?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recoverable-discourse-inference-q01" }, { "text": "What supports reading the clause as a statement, command, question or another speech act?", "kind": "definition", "id": "recoverable-discourse-inference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "allusions-and-genre-expectations", "name": "Allusions and genre expectations", "description": "Test whether parallel wording or genre practice materially constrains a reading.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-intertextual-reading", "name": "Evidenced intertextual reading", "description": "Separate demonstrated quotation, plausible allusion and coincidental resemblance; identify commentary-derived interpretations without treating them as the passage's explicit wording.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which earlier or parallel passage supports the proposed allusion, and is the chronological relationship established?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-intertextual-reading-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed genre convention or allusion change the reading enough to require verification before translation?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidenced-intertextual-reading-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interpretive-state-and-use", "name": "Interpretive state and use", "description": "Determine what outputs the available linguistic evidence supports.", "rationale": "The agent must distinguish a usable provisional reading from one whose unresolved choices materially change the requested result.", "layers": [ { "id": "reading-readiness", "name": "Reading readiness", "description": "Assess consequential uncertainty for a specific passage and task.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-relative-reading-state", "name": "Task-relative reading state", "description": "Identify unresolved graphs, clause boundaries, senses and referents that affect the requested output, and state what evidence would resolve them.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many unresolved alternatives change the passage's proposition or participant roles, and which spans contain them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-relative-reading-state-q01" }, { "text": "Can the requested use proceed with labelled alternatives, or does it require another witness, a commentary or specialist review?", "kind": "action", "id": "task-relative-reading-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "translation-and-composition-controls", "name": "Translation and composition controls", "description": "Keep transformations aligned with their source and declared linguistic target.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-output-contract", "name": "Declared output contract", "description": "Specify whether the output is a gloss, readable translation, editorial reconstruction or new imitation, with supplied content and stylistic targets explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "How will the output identify supplied pronouns, inferred relations, emendations and unresolved readings?", "kind": "action", "id": "declared-output-contract-q01" }, { "text": "For new composition, which period, genre and attested constructions define the target, and how will the result be labelled as newly generated?", "kind": "action", "id": "declared-output-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Pre-Qin canonical prose (the grammatical model of the Analects, Mencius, Zuozhuan, Zhuangzi and allied texts)", "Han historical and rhapsodic prose (Shiji, Hanshu, fu)", "Six Dynasties parallel prose (pianwen)", "Tang-Song ancient-style prose (guwen)", "Civil-service examination prose, including the eight-legged essay (baguwen)", "Buddhist and other translated Literary Chinese", "Sinospheric Literary Chinese as a written lingua franca (Japanese kanbun, Korean hanmun, Vietnamese Hán văn)", "Residual modern Classical used for inscriptions, couplets, mottos, seals and ceremonial titles" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "lzh", "note": "Registered name: Literary Chinese; this is the code used for the written tradition of which Classical Chinese is the canonical core." }, { "scheme": "BCP 47 / IETF language tag", "value_or_pattern": "lzh", "note": "Language subtag for Literary Chinese." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q37041", "note": "Item for Classical Chinese / Literary Chinese as a written language." }, { "scheme": "Glottolog", "value_or_pattern": "lite1248", "note": "Literary Chinese." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 639-3 code lzh, issued by the ISO 639-3 Registration Authority (SIL International), identifies the written language for cataloguing and tagging.", "Unicode Standard and ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Consortium; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2) govern encoding of the CJK characters in which the register is written.", "PRC Ministry of Education ordinary-high-school Chinese curriculum sets mandatory 文言文 passages and examination requirements.", "Republic of China (Taiwan) Ministry of Education 12-year basic-education Chinese curriculum sets a larger 文言文 share than the PRC school course.", "Historically, Qing and earlier keju (civil-service examination) statutes governed who had to demonstrate competence; the Qing court abolished the examinations in 1905." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Read and examined as 文言文 in secondary schools and university-entrance tests in the PRC, Taiwan and Hong Kong.", "Used for calligraphy, temple and ancestral-hall inscriptions, New Year couplets (对联), seals and university or state mottos.", "The working language of dynastic histories, local gazetteers, legal codes, the Confucian canon and much premodern technical writing.", "Read in Japan as 漢文 through kundoku; historically the written medium of elite Korea (한문) and Vietnam (Hán văn).", "Searched and cited in full-text corpora (Chinese Text Project, CBETA, Scripta Sinica) for historical and philological work." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Length of a single school or gaokao 文言文 reading passage", "typical_range": "300-800", "unit": "Chinese characters" }, { "quantity": "Function-word (虚词) inventory a competent reader is expected to control", "typical_range": "100-250", "unit": "item types" }, { "quantity": "Character types often cited as a threshold for independent reading of unpunctuated texts", "typical_range": "2000-5000", "unit": "character types" }, { "quantity": "Span during which the register was the default written medium of elite communication", "typical_range": "c. 500 BCE - c. 1920", "unit": "years CE/BCE" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Reading a graph with its modern Mandarin gloss and thereby misparsing syntax, especially 之, 其, 而, 以, 于, 也, 矣.", "Conflating the written register with reconstructed Old Chinese phonology, or with spoken Middle Chinese.", "Clause-boundary and anaphora errors in originally unpunctuated text (zero anaphora, topic drop).", "通假 (phonetic-loan) and character-variant mismatch, worsened by simplified/traditional conversion.", "Quoting canonical tags as political or commercial slogans stripped of source syntax and context.", "Pedagogical translation into 白话 that erases register and invents subjects the original leaves implicit." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "PRC education names it 文言文 and teaches it in simplified characters against 白话文; Taiwan and Hong Kong use traditional characters and generally keep a larger classical share.", "Sinologists often reserve \"Classical Chinese\" for the pre-Qin/Han model and use \"Literary Chinese\" (ISO lzh) for the whole later written tradition; Chinese school usage does not make that split.", "Japan reads the same written medium as 漢文 via kundoku, not as spoken Chinese.", "Korea treats 한문/漢文 as a classical written subject; Vietnam historically used Hán văn, distinct in practice from chữ Nôm vernacular writing.", "Local documentary styles (edicts, contracts, epitaphs) diverge from the school canon even where the grammar remains classical." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Old Chinese", "difference": "Old Chinese is a reconstructed spoken language of the Zhou period (rhymes, phonetic series, morphology); Classical Chinese is a written grammatical-lexical register. A phonological reconstruction is not a test of whether a sentence is classical prose." }, { "name": "Middle Chinese", "difference": "Middle Chinese is the Qieyun-system phonological stage used to explain readings and regulated verse; it does not define the syntax of 文言文." }, { "name": "Written vernacular Chinese (白话/白话文)", "difference": "Vernacular writing uses spoken-based grammar (aspect 了/着/过, copula 是, particle 的). Classical prose uses 也/矣/焉, 之/其, and does not rely on those vernacular markers." }, { "name": "Modern Standard Chinese", "difference": "A living spoken-and-written standard intelligible orally; Classical Chinese is not a spoken vernacular and is not mutually intelligible with modern speech without training." }, { "name": "Literary Chinese of medieval East Asia", "difference": "Same written medium, but local reading traditions (kundoku, hanmun) and some local graphs and documentary formulae; the test is reading practice and local usages, not a different core grammar." }, { "name": "Regulated verse (近体诗)", "difference": "A poem may be classical in lexicon while obeying Tang tonal metre and parallelism; the test is whether tonal-metre constraints, not classical prose grammar, license the line." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Classical Chinese this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What definition and chronological boundary should this registry entry adopt, particularly for later Literary Chinese?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this linguistic concept and therefore require this entry to link to it?", "How should Literary Sinitic composed outside China, vernacular mixtures and modern classical imitation relate to this entry without creating unauthorized registry splits?", "Which reference corpora, editions and grammatical descriptions provide sufficient coverage across the periods and genres ultimately included?", "Which task-specific evidence thresholds should distinguish a publishable reading from a provisional analysis requiring review?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Classical Chinese, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Classical Chinese usage, assess the evidence and uncertainty behind a reading, and decide whether to transcribe, annotate, translate, compare or request specialist review.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: kanbun, hentai kanbun.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Classical Chinese, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "kanbun", "hentai kanbun" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Classical Chinese from another, and a Classical Chinese from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Classical Chinese sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Classical Chinese from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Classical Chinese passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Classical Chinese between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Classical Chinese, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Classical Chinese is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a Classical Chinese proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a Classical Chinese, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a Classical Chinese and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a Classical Chinese consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a Classical Chinese takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What Classical Chinese is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of Classical Chinese are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is Classical Chinese operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of Classical Chinese and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of Classical Chinese?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as Classical Chinese?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Classical Chinese came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Classical Chinese and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Classical Chinese is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Classical Chinese, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Classical Chinese, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Classical Chinese is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }