type
Let an agent explain type specimens and the kinds of types, relay the rules of the nomenclature codes, help locate type material through collection databases, and separate the nomenclatural sense of type from other senses of the word.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain type specimens and the kinds of types, relay the rules of the nomenclature codes, help locate type material through collection databases, and separate the nomenclatural sense of type from other senses of the word.
In biological nomenclature, the specimen or set of specimens to which a scientific name is permanently attached, such as a holotype, lectotype or neotype, held in a museum or herbarium so that the application of the name can always be checked; type specimens are designated under the international codes of nomenclature and are among the most important objects in natural history collections.
What it is for: Fixing the application of scientific names.
It can be explain the kinds of type and their rules; relay code provisions on designation; help locate type specimens in collections; separate this sense from other senses of type.
Distinguishing features
Name-bearing function
Designated under a code
Held in a public collection
Kinds by how they were designated
What it looks like
A preserved specimen with a type label, held in a museum or herbarium.
How it is recognised
Specimen designated as the name-bearer
Labelled holotype, lectotype, neotype or similar
Type in the sense of category, printing type or typography is a different sense
Related models
is a kind of - a preserved organism
bears - the name it fixes
is governed by - and the botanical code
is held in - or herbarium
In practice
Families and kinds
holotype
paratype and syntype
lectotype and neotype
epitype in botany
hypotype and figured specimens as informal categories
type specimens of fossils and cultures
Identifiers
catalogue number collection specific
type status holotype, lectotype and others as recorded in databases
Standards and regulation
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants
Collection management and loan standards
Heritage protection of collections
Failure modes and hazards
Loss or destruction of type specimens
Ambiguous or missing designations
Confusion between kinds of types
Confusing the nomenclatural sense with other senses
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.type-artifact
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Concept What a type is.
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a type specimen, and what does it do for a scientific name? definition
- Is the question about the nomenclatural sense of type or another sense? boundary
Kinds
Kinds of type.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What kinds of type exist, and how does each arise? definition
- Which entry fits the specific kind? action
Rules Codes and designation.
Rules.
Codes
The codes.
Codes
Codes.
- What do the zoological and botanical codes require for designating types? provenance
- Which code applies to the organism? boundary
Designation
Designation practice.
Designation
Designation.
- How are lectotypes and neotypes designated, and when? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Find Locating types.
Practice.
Collections
Collections.
Collections
Collections.
- Where are type specimens held, and how are they found in databases? action
- Which entry fits a specific museum? action
Access
Access and loans.
Access
Access.
- How can researchers examine or borrow type material? provenance
- Which entry fits collection management? action
Care Conservation and history.
Care.
Conservation
Conservation.
Conservation
Conservation.
- How are type specimens conserved and protected? provenance
- Which entry fits specimen conservation? action
History
History of the concept.
History
History.
- How did the type concept develop in taxonomy? provenance
- Which entry fits taxonomy? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each kind of type be a separate entry?
- How should collection databases be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming a specific specimen; should it be split off?