{ "model": { "rank": 1997, "code": "thing-q37105", "model_id": "vr.tr.line", "name": "line", "purpose": "Let an agent handle lines by definition, representation, relations (parallel, perpendicular, intersecting) and uses in geometry and data.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QTY", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q37105/", "tier": 2, "score": 119, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "statistical graph line", "directed line", "normal line", "antiparallel line", "first bisector", "intersecting line", "Euclidean line", "directrix", "tangent", "positionally oriented line", "line through the origin", "Ley line", "asymptote", "Cayley line", "Schoch line", "radical axis", "heart line", "plane–plane intersection", "Gunter's line", "Pascal line", "Equidistant set", "fold axis", "real line", "parallel line", "lubber line", "secant line", "Newton line", "central line", "skew lines", "radial line", "supporting line", "perspective axis", "Simson line", "vertical tangent", "Bitangent", "Tangent lines to circles" ], "aliasCount": 36, "merged": 36, "knownIn": 119, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.line-cognition", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q37105", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:41:46Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q37105", "registryId": "vr.tr.line", "name": "line", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QTY" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q37105/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.line", "name": "line", "purpose": "Let an agent handle lines by definition, representation, relations (parallel, perpendicular, intersecting) and uses in geometry and data.", "definition": "In geometry, a straight one-dimensional figure extending infinitely in both directions, determined by two points; related notions include segments, rays and lines in graphs.", "what_it_is_for": "Describing straightness, direction and relations in geometry, drawing and data.", "affordances": [ "define it, by two points or an equation", "compute intersections and angles", "draw and plot it", "fit it, to data by regression" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Straight and infinite in both directions", "Determined by two points", "Relations: parallel, perpendicular, intersecting, skew", "Line in other senses (queue, telephone line) are different entries" ], "appearance": "A straight mark on paper or screen; plotted lines on graphs.", "visual_identification": [ "Straight extent without curvature", "Equations such as y = mx + c or ax + by = c", "Segments and rays are bounded parts" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "lines, segments and rays", "directed lines", "normal and tangent lines", "lines in projective geometry", "regression lines in statistics" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "curve", "why": "straight curve" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "mathematics", "why": "geometry" }, { "relation": "has property", "target": "length", "why": "for segments" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "line as queue or telephone line", "why": "homonyms" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 80000-2 notation", "Technical drawing line conventions such as ISO 128" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing lines and segments", "Numerical errors for nearly parallel lines", "Extrapolating regression lines" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Which line.", "rationale": "Definitions differ by context.", "layers": [ { "id": "form", "name": "Form", "description": "Points or equation.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-finding", "name": "Form", "description": "How the line is defined.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the line defined?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it a line, segment or ray?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "space", "name": "Space", "description": "Plane or space.", "findings": [ { "id": "space-finding", "name": "Space", "description": "The space.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which space does the line lie?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which coordinate system?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "relations", "name": "Relations", "description": "With other lines.", "rationale": "Relations drive geometry problems.", "layers": [ { "id": "position", "name": "Relative position", "description": "Parallel, intersecting.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-finding", "name": "Position", "description": "Relative position.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is it parallel, perpendicular or intersecting with another line?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where do they intersect?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "angle", "name": "Angle", "description": "Between lines.", "findings": [ { "id": "angle-finding", "name": "Angle", "description": "Angle between lines.", "questions": [ { "text": "What angle does it make with another line?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How precise is it?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Lines in statistics.", "rationale": "Fitted lines summarise data.", "layers": [ { "id": "fit", "name": "Fit", "description": "Regression.", "findings": [ { "id": "fit-finding", "name": "Fit", "description": "Fitted line.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the slope and intercept, and how well does it fit?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is a line appropriate for the data?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "extrapolation", "name": "Extrapolation", "description": "Beyond data.", "findings": [ { "id": "extrapolation-finding", "name": "Extrapolation", "description": "Extrapolation risk.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the line used beyond the data range?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What justifies it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drawing", "name": "Drawing", "description": "Lines in drawings.", "rationale": "Drawings use line conventions.", "layers": [ { "id": "types", "name": "Line types", "description": "Continuous, dashed.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Line types", "description": "Line conventions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does this line type mean in the drawing?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which standard applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rendering", "name": "Rendering", "description": "On screen.", "findings": [ { "id": "rendering-finding", "name": "Rendering", "description": "Rendering issues.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the line rendered accurately at this scale?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Is it accessible to colour-blind users?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should segments and rays be separate entries?", "How should regression lines be linked to statistics?", "How should drawing line types be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unit, quantity or measure", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a line, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle lines by definition, representation, relations (parallel, perpendicular, intersecting) and uses in geometry and data.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: statistical graph line, directed line, normal line, antiparallel line, first bisector, intersecting line, Euclidean line, directrix, tangent, positionally oriented line, line through the origin, Ley line.", "36 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 119 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a line, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see: a unit is a convention. What is seen is an instrument reading in it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "statistical graph line", "directed line", "normal line", "antiparallel line", "first bisector", "intersecting line", "Euclidean line", "directrix", "tangent", "positionally oriented line", "line through the origin", "Ley line" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 119 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 36 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one line from another, and a line from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a line sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a line from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a line passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a line between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a line, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a line is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definition-and-realisation", "name": "Definition, dimension and realisation", "description": "What line is defined as and how it is realised in practice.", "rationale": "A unit is not the quantity it measures, and its definition has a history that older data still depends on.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition and dimension", "description": "The defining relation and the quantity it measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-record", "name": "Definition, body and date", "description": "What defines it now, and what defined it before.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-record-q01", "text": "How is line defined, by which body, and since when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-record-q02", "text": "What was the previous definition, and what data still depends on it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion", "name": "Conversion and compatibility", "description": "Relations to other units, exact or approximate.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-record", "name": "Conversions and their exactness", "description": "Factors, and whether each is exact by definition.", "questions": [ { "id": "conversion-record-q01", "text": "What conversions relate line to other units, and which are exact by definition?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "conversion-record-q02", "text": "Where does rounding a conversion change a decision, and how should that be recorded?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a line came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a line and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a line is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a line, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a line, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a line is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 10, "questions": 28 } } } }