{ "model": { "rank": 2944, "code": "thing-q3711325", "model_id": "vr.tr.speed", "name": "speed", "purpose": "Let an agent explain and calculate speed, convert units, distinguish specific speeds such as sound and light, and address road speed limits and safety.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q3711325/", "tier": 2, "score": 94, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Tupolev Tu-444", "excessive speed", "speed of sound", "indicated airspeed", "sound phase speed", "group speed of sound", "speed of longitudinal sound waves", "speed of transversal sound waves", "speed of sound in plasma", "speeds of sound of the elements", "flow speed", "characteristic speed", "magneto-dynamic speed", "subsonic speed", "speed of propagation of waves", "emergency speed", "maximum safe cruising speed", "speed of body", "speed relative to water", "fluid speed", "speed of bubbles", "stall speed", "computational speed", "rate of climb", "cruising speed", "average particle speed", "particle speed", "playback speed", "maximum speed", "airspeed", "driving speed", "average speed", "slow", "wind speed", "ground speed", "fast", "supersonic speed", "walking pace", "Alfvén wave speed", "road speed" ], "aliasCount": 68, "merged": 68, "knownIn": 94, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.speed-act", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q3711325", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711325", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:26:26Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3711325", "registryId": "vr.tr.speed", "name": "speed", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3711325/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.speed", "name": "speed", "purpose": "Let an agent explain and calculate speed, convert units, distinguish specific speeds such as sound and light, and address road speed limits and safety.", "definition": "The rate at which an object covers distance, a scalar quantity measured in units such as metres per second or kilometres per hour, distinct from velocity which includes direction; specific speeds include the speed of sound, the speed of light, airspeed in aviation and legal speed limits on roads.", "what_it_is_for": "Describing motion.", "affordances": [ "calculate speed from distance and time", "convert speed units", "explain speed of sound and light", "explain road speed limits and safety" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Scalar rate of motion", "Distance over time", "Many units", "Reference speeds" ], "appearance": "Not physical; shown on speedometers and instruments.", "visual_identification": [ "Speedometers and radar readings", "Units such as km/h, m/s and knots", "Velocity includes direction" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speed of light in vacuum", "typical_range": "299792458", "unit": "m/s", "note": "exact by definition" }, { "quantity": "speed of sound in air", "typical_range": "about 343", "unit": "m/s", "note": "at 20 C" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "instantaneous and average speed", "speed of sound and light", "airspeed types", "road speed and limits", "group and phase speed of waves" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "physical quality", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "rate", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "inertia", "why": "physics" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "acceleration", "why": "change of speed" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI units", "Road traffic speed limits", "Aviation airspeed conventions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Unit confusion", "Speeding and road deaths", "Confusing speed with velocity" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "calculate", "name": "Calculate", "description": "Working with speed.", "rationale": "Speed is distance over time.", "layers": [ { "id": "compute", "name": "Compute", "description": "Calculation.", "findings": [ { "id": "compute-finding", "name": "Compute", "description": "Calculation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the average speed for this distance and time?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What is the instantaneous speed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Conversion.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this speed convert between km/h, mph, m/s and knots?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which unit is standard here?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reference", "name": "Reference", "description": "Special speeds.", "rationale": "Some speeds are fundamental.", "layers": [ { "id": "sound", "name": "Sound", "description": "Speed of sound.", "findings": [ { "id": "sound-finding", "name": "Sound", "description": "Speed of sound.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the speed of sound in this medium and temperature?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What are Mach numbers?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "light", "name": "Light", "description": "Speed of light.", "findings": [ { "id": "light-finding", "name": "Light", "description": "Speed of light.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is the speed of light constant and a limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it define the metre?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "road", "name": "Road", "description": "Speed limits.", "rationale": "Limits save lives.", "layers": [ { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Legal limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-finding", "name": "Limits", "description": "Legal limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What speed limit applies on this road type here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What are the penalties for speeding?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Speed and injury.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does speed affect stopping distance and crash severity?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is the user asking how to evade enforcement?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "domains", "name": "Domains", "description": "Aviation and waves.", "rationale": "Domains define speeds.", "layers": [ { "id": "airspeed", "name": "Airspeed", "description": "Aviation.", "findings": [ { "id": "airspeed-finding", "name": "Airspeed", "description": "Airspeed.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do indicated, true and ground speed differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Why does it matter for pilots?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "waves", "name": "Waves", "description": "Wave speeds.", "findings": [ { "id": "waves-finding", "name": "Waves", "description": "Wave speeds.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do phase and group speed differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "When do they diverge?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the speed of light be a separate entry?", "How should speed limits be localised?", "How should airspeed types be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a speed, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain and calculate speed, convert units, distinguish specific speeds such as sound and light, and address road speed limits and safety.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Tupolev Tu-444, excessive speed, speed of sound, indicated airspeed, sound phase speed, group speed of sound, speed of longitudinal sound waves, speed of transversal sound waves, speed of sound in plasma, speeds of sound of the elements, flow speed, characteristic speed.", "68 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a speed, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Tupolev Tu-444", "excessive speed", "speed of sound", "indicated airspeed", "sound phase speed", "group speed of sound", "speed of longitudinal sound waves", "speed of transversal sound waves", "speed of sound in plasma", "speeds of sound of the elements", "flow speed", "characteristic speed" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 68 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one speed from another, and a speed from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a speed sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a speed from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a speed passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a speed between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a speed, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a speed is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What speed is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of speed are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is speed operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of speed and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of speed?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as speed?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a speed came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a speed and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a speed is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a speed, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a speed, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a speed is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }