{ "model": { "rank": 13465, "code": "thing-q374696", "model_id": "vr.tr.defenestrations-of-prague", "name": "defenestrations of Prague", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the defenestrations of Prague as historical events with dates, participants and consequences from historians, distinguish the numbered incidents and the disputed 1948 case, and place them in Czech and European history.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.EVT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q374696/", "tier": 2, "score": 37, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 37, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q374696", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374696", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:38:08Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q374696", "registryId": "vr.tr.defenestrations-of-prague", "name": "defenestrations of Prague", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.EVT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q374696/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.defenestrations-of-prague", "name": "defenestrations of Prague", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the defenestrations of Prague as historical events with dates, participants and consequences from historians, distinguish the numbered incidents and the disputed 1948 case, and place them in Czech and European history.", "definition": "Three incidents in the history of Prague in which officials were thrown from windows: the First Defenestration of 1419, when Hussite crowds threw town councillors from the New Town Hall, starting the Hussite Wars; the Second Defenestration of 1618, when Protestant nobles threw two imperial governors and their secretary from Prague Castle, triggering the Bohemian Revolt and the Thirty Years War; and a 1483 incident sometimes counted between them; the 1948 death of foreign minister Jan Masaryk is sometimes called a defenestration but remains a disputed case.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; historical events.", "affordances": [ "describe each incident with sources", "distinguish the incidents and the disputed case", "explain causes and consequences", "place them in Czech and European history" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Political violence by window", "Triggers of major conflicts", "Symbol in Czech history", "Disputed later cases" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; the windows at the New Town Hall and Prague Castle survive as sites.", "visual_identification": [ "Throwing of officials from windows in Prague", "1419, 1483 and 1618 incidents", "Other defenestrations elsewhere and the 1948 Masaryk case are separate or disputed" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "first defenestration", "typical_range": "30 July 1419", "unit": "date", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "second defenestration", "typical_range": "23 May 1618", "unit": "date", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "First Defenestration of 1419", "the 1483 incident", "Second Defenestration of 1618", "the 1948 death of Jan Masaryk as a disputed case", "defenestration as a broader phenomenon" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "defenestration", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "incident", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "triggered", "target": "Hussite Wars", "why": "in 1419" }, { "relation": "triggered", "target": "Thirty Years War", "why": "in 1618" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Heritage protection of the sites" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing the incidents", "Presenting the 1948 case as settled", "Legend outrunning evidence, such as survival stories of 1618" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "events", "name": "Events", "description": "What happened.", "rationale": "Sourced facts.", "layers": [ { "id": "incidents", "name": "Incidents", "description": "The incidents.", "findings": [ { "id": "incidents-finding", "name": "Incidents", "description": "Incidents.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened in 1419, 1483 and 1618, who was involved, and what are the sources?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about one of the Prague defenestrations or another event?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputed", "name": "Disputed", "description": "The 1948 case.", "findings": [ { "id": "disputed-finding", "name": "Disputed", "description": "Disputed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known and disputed about the death of Jan Masaryk in 1948, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed and neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and consequences.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What religious and political tensions led to each defenestration, as historians explain?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequences-finding", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the defenestrations trigger the Hussite Wars and the Thirty Years War?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the Thirty Years War?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "memory", "name": "Memory", "description": "Memory and sites.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "sites", "name": "Sites", "description": "Sites.", "findings": [ { "id": "sites-finding", "name": "Sites", "description": "Sites.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where did the defenestrations happen, and how are the sites marked?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Prague Castle?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symbol", "name": "Symbol", "description": "Symbolic role.", "findings": [ { "id": "symbol-finding", "name": "Symbol", "description": "Symbol.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have the defenestrations been remembered and used symbolically in Czech culture?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Czech history?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Historiography and legend.", "rationale": "Study.", "layers": [ { "id": "historiography", "name": "Historiography", "description": "Historiography.", "findings": [ { "id": "historiography-finding", "name": "Historiography", "description": "Historiography.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have historians interpreted the defenestrations, and where do they disagree?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "legend", "name": "Legend", "description": "Legends.", "findings": [ { "id": "legend-finding", "name": "Legend", "description": "Legend.", "questions": [ { "text": "What legends surround the 1618 survival of the defenestrated men, and what does evidence say?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is legend distinguished from evidence?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each defenestration be a separate entry?", "How should historical sources be linked?", "How should the disputed 1948 case be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "event or period", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a defenestrations of Prague, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe the defenestrations of Prague as historical events with dates, participants and consequences from historians, distinguish the numbered incidents and the disputed 1948 case, and place them in Czech and European history.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 37 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a defenestrations of Prague, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not a thing to see. Recognised by when it happened and who was involved, on the account of somebody." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 37 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one defenestrations of Prague from another, and a defenestrations of Prague from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a defenestrations of Prague sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a defenestrations of Prague from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a defenestrations of Prague passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a defenestrations of Prague between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a defenestrations of Prague, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a defenestrations of Prague is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a defenestrations of Prague proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a defenestrations of Prague, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a defenestrations of Prague and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a defenestrations of Prague consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a defenestrations of Prague takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-dating", "name": "Temporal extent and dating", "description": "When defenestrations of Prague began and ended, and who says so.", "rationale": "Dates for events are conventions held by historiographies that disagree, and a single confident date hides the disagreement.", "layers": [ { "id": "dating", "name": "Dating and calendar", "description": "Start, end, granularity and the calendar used.", "findings": [ { "id": "date-record", "name": "Dates, granularity and authority", "description": "What is dated, how precisely, and on whose account.", "questions": [ { "id": "date-record-q01", "text": "What start and end are conventionally given for defenestrations of Prague, at what granularity, in which calendar?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "date-record-q02", "text": "Which accounts date it differently, and on what grounds?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership-of-the-event", "name": "What counts as part of it", "description": "Sub-events included or excluded, and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "inclusion", "name": "Inclusion and exclusion", "description": "The episodes treated as inside the event and those left out.", "questions": [ { "id": "inclusion-q01", "text": "Which episodes are counted as part of defenestrations of Prague, and which are treated as separate?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "inclusion-q02", "text": "Whose framing is being followed in that inclusion, and who frames it otherwise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-and-consequence", "name": "Participants, causes and consequences", "description": "Who took part in defenestrations of Prague and what is claimed to follow from it.", "rationale": "Causation around events is asserted rather than observed, so each claim needs the party asserting it.", "layers": [ { "id": "participants", "name": "Participants and roles", "description": "Parties involved and what each did.", "findings": [ { "id": "participant-record", "name": "Parties and their roles", "description": "Who is recorded as involved and in what capacity.", "questions": [ { "id": "participant-record-q01", "text": "Which parties took part in defenestrations of Prague, in what roles, and on whose account?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "participant-record-q02", "text": "Where do accounts disagree about who was involved?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Causes and consequences", "description": "What is claimed to have caused it and followed from it.", "findings": [ { "id": "causal-claims", "name": "Causal claims and who makes them", "description": "Antecedents and outcomes as attributed claims.", "questions": [ { "id": "causal-claims-q01", "text": "What causes and consequences are attributed to defenestrations of Prague, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "causal-claims-q02", "text": "What would an agent need before treating such a claim as settled rather than contested?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a defenestrations of Prague came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a defenestrations of Prague and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a defenestrations of Prague is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a defenestrations of Prague, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a defenestrations of Prague, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a defenestrations of Prague is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }