{ "model": { "rank": 4024, "code": "thing-q381045", "model_id": "vr.tr.oath", "name": "oath", "purpose": "Let an agent explain what an oath is and the kinds that exist, relay the legal effect of oaths and affirmations from statutes and courts, present religious and cultural forms with attribution, and separate oaths from contracts, vows and pledges.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q381045/", "tier": 2, "score": 79, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "kishōmon", "Nanban seishi", "word of honour", "knight's oath", "Tolked", "Charaka shapath", "oath of the Fueros de Aragón", "Oath of the Fueros of the Lordship of Vizcaya", "royal oath", "oath of the Fueros of Navarre", "Oath of the Fueros of Valencia", "vow", "oath of allegiance", "loyalty oath", "Vice President Oath of Office", "banking oath", "ceremonial oath of the Bundeswehr", "pauper's oath", "Hittite military oath", "oath of office", "Unbreakable Vow", "votum", "nazr", "marriage vows", "wedding vow renewal ceremony", "Baptismal vows", "evangelical counsels", "pledge of allegiance", "Oath of Allegiance", "Oath of Allegiance of James I of England", "deputies oath", "Swearing-in of the Kings of the Belgians", "Oath of office (Spain)", "oath of office (Austria)" ], "aliasCount": 34, "merged": 34, "knownIn": 79, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.oath", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q381045", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381045", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T19:36:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q381045", "registryId": "vr.tr.oath", "name": "oath", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q381045/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.oath", "name": "oath", "purpose": "Let an agent explain what an oath is and the kinds that exist, relay the legal effect of oaths and affirmations from statutes and courts, present religious and cultural forms with attribution, and separate oaths from contracts, vows and pledges.", "definition": "A solemn promise or declaration, often invoking a deity, a sacred object or honour as witness, by which a person binds themselves to tell the truth, keep faith or perform a duty; oaths are taken by witnesses, officials, soldiers, professionals and members of orders, and false oaths under law are perjury.", "what_it_is_for": "Binding a person to truth or duty before witnesses.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds of oaths and their wording", "relay legal effect and the option of affirmation", "present religious and historical oaths with attribution", "compare oaths with vows, pledges and contracts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Invokes a witness beyond the parties: deity, honour or law", "Breaking a legal oath is perjury", "Affirmation exists for those who object to swearing", "Ceremonial and religious forms vary widely" ], "appearance": "A spoken or written formula, often with a raised hand, a sacred text or a ceremony.", "visual_identification": [ "A binding formula spoken before a witness or authority", "Legal oaths have prescribed wording and an affirmation alternative", "A vow is a promise to a deity or oneself; a contract is an agreement between parties" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "oaths of office", "witness oaths and affirmations in court", "military and allegiance oaths", "professional oaths such as medical oaths", "religious and initiation oaths", "historical forms such as feudal and written oaths in Japan" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "promise", "why": "a solemn form of promise" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "vow", "why": "a vow is made to a deity or oneself" }, { "relation": "is enforced by", "target": "perjury law", "why": "false oaths are punished" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "oath of office", "why": "a major kind" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Oaths and affirmations acts and court rules", "Constitutional and statutory oaths of office", "Perjury provisions in criminal law", "Professional codes that adopt oaths" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Perjury and false statements", "Coerced or invalid oaths", "Conflicts between religious objection and required oaths", "Misreading a ceremonial oath as a legal contract" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "What an oath is.", "rationale": "Definition and boundaries.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What makes a statement an oath, and what distinguishes it from a vow, a pledge or a contract?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a legal oath, a religious oath or a ceremonial formula?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds of oath.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of oath exist, and which words and gestures do they use?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific oath?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal effect.", "rationale": "Oaths carry consequences.", "layers": [ { "id": "effect", "name": "Effect", "description": "Legal consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "effect-finding", "name": "Effect", "description": "Effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the legal effect of an oath, and what does perjury law provide?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking for advice on their own case, which needs a lawyer?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "affirmation", "name": "Affirmation", "description": "Alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "affirmation-finding", "name": "Affirmation", "description": "Affirmation.", "questions": [ { "text": "When may a person affirm instead of swear, and what wording is prescribed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which statute governs oaths in this jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Ceremony and profession.", "rationale": "Oaths are performed.", "layers": [ { "id": "ceremony", "name": "Ceremony", "description": "Ceremonial oaths.", "findings": [ { "id": "ceremony-finding", "name": "Ceremony", "description": "Ceremony.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are oaths of office, allegiance and military service administered?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits citizenship ceremonies?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "profession", "name": "Profession", "description": "Professional oaths.", "findings": [ { "id": "profession-finding", "name": "Profession", "description": "Profession.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which professions use oaths, and what do they commit to?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do professional oaths have legal force?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Religion and history.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "religion", "name": "Religion", "description": "Religious views.", "findings": [ { "id": "religion-finding", "name": "Religion", "description": "Religion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do religious traditions treat oaths, including objections to swearing, with attribution?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Historical oaths.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did oaths function in feudal, guild and treaty contexts across cultures?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should oaths of office be separate entries by country?", "How should religious oath traditions be represented with attribution?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific historical oaths; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a oath, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain what an oath is and the kinds that exist, relay the legal effect of oaths and affirmations from statutes and courts, present religious and cultural forms with attribution, and separate oaths from contracts, vows and pledges.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: kishōmon, Nanban seishi, word of honour, knight's oath, Tolked, Charaka shapath, oath of the Fueros de Aragón, Oath of the Fueros of the Lordship of Vizcaya, royal oath, oath of the Fueros of Navarre, Oath of the Fueros of Valencia, vow.", "34 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a oath, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "kishōmon", "Nanban seishi", "word of honour", "knight's oath", "Tolked", "Charaka shapath", "oath of the Fueros de Aragón", "Oath of the Fueros of the Lordship of Vizcaya", "royal oath", "oath of the Fueros of Navarre", "Oath of the Fueros of Valencia", "vow" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 34 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one oath from another, and a oath from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a oath sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a oath from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a oath passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a oath between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a oath, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a oath is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a oath says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a oath contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a oath and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of oath a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For oath, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of oath exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made oath and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to oath, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in oath, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a oath came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a oath and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a oath is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a oath, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a oath, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a oath is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }