{ "model": { "rank": 6572, "code": "thing-q381490", "model_id": "vr.tr.aerogel", "name": "aerogel", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise aerogel materials, assess their condition and performance, and determine suitable uses and handling from composition, pore structure and supporting evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q381490/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "aerographene" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.aerogel", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q381490", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381490", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:02:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08867-5b6c-7321-93e3-75427a97fb7d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: aerogel\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08867-5ab4-7923-a91f-a81202c358ca\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: aerogel\nRegistry id: vr.tr.aerogel\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q381490", "registryId": "vr.tr.aerogel", "name": "aerogel", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q381490/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.aerogel", "name": "aerogel", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise aerogel materials, assess their condition and performance, and determine suitable uses and handling from composition, pore structure and supporting evidence.", "definition": "An aerogel is a highly porous solid derived from a gel in which the liquid phase is replaced by gas while substantially preserving the gel's interconnected solid network.", "scope_statement": "This model owns aerogel as a family of gel-derived porous solids, including material grades, specimens and their measured properties; it distinguishes the aerogel phase from reinforcement, additives and finished products.", "in_scope": [ "Solid-network chemistry, surface treatment, additives and material grade", "Gel-derived identity, drying history and retained pore structure", "Density, porosity, pore dimensions and accessible surface area", "Thermal, mechanical and application-relevant transport properties under stated conditions", "Moisture response, structural damage, ageing and handling constraints", "Constituent identity and evidence supporting grade-specific hazard classification" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete manufacturing plants and drying equipment", "Finished insulation systems, garments or building assemblies containing aerogel", "Independent models of precursor chemicals, solvents and reinforcing fibres", "General models of foams, porous solids and wet gels", "Application-level certification or performance inferred solely from material measurements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether the porous solid originated as a gel whose liquid phase was replaced by gas; low density alone does not establish aerogel identity.", "Record evidence that the gel network remained substantially porous after drying, and state the convention used to distinguish aerogel from xerogel or cryogel.", "Determine whether the identified material is the aerogel phase itself or a composite containing aerogel particles, reinforcement or binders.", "Identify the solid-network chemistry rather than treating silica composition, transparency or a particular drying route as sufficient identification." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Solid-network composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Identified inorganic, organic, carbon or hybrid network; constituent mass fractions where established", "why_it_matters": "Composition governs which performance expectations, compatibility evidence and constituent identifiers apply." }, { "name": "Material form and reinforcement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Monolith, granule, powder or aerogel-containing composite; reinforcement and binder identities", "why_it_matters": "A specimen's form and non-aerogel constituents affect handling and interpretation of measured properties." }, { "name": "Gel and drying provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to precursor formulation, gel preparation, drying route and subsequent treatment records", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity and helps explain network shrinkage, residual substances and differences between batches." }, { "name": "Bulk and skeletal density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m³, separately identified, with measurement method and conditioning", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes overall lightness from the density of the solid framework and supports qualified porosity estimates." }, { "name": "Porosity and pore-size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Porosity as fraction or %; pore dimensions in nm or µm; method and accessible pore range", "why_it_matters": "Describes the void network relevant to heat transfer, fluid access and structural behaviour." }, { "name": "Specific surface area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m²/g with probe, pretreatment and analysis method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of adsorption and surface interactions without assuming all internal area is accessible in service." }, { "name": "Thermal conductivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "W/(m·K), with temperature, gas pressure, humidity, direction and specimen configuration", "why_it_matters": "Allows insulation performance to be compared under relevant conditions." }, { "name": "Mechanical response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Modulus and strength in Pa; strain in %; loading mode, rate, direction and recovery", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether installation or service loads cause acceptable deformation, fracture or permanent compaction." }, { "name": "Surface chemistry and water response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Treatment identity; water uptake in mass %; contact angle in degrees where applicable; test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Connects surface modification and environmental exposure to wetting, durability and performance." }, { "name": "Material condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intact, cracked, compacted, wetted, contaminated or otherwise degraded, with observations", "why_it_matters": "Separates nominal grade properties from the current state of a particular specimen." }, { "name": "Grade-specific safety evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable safety data sheet, constituent identifiers, exposure assessments and jurisdiction-specific classification records", "why_it_matters": "Prevents unsupported assignment of one chemical identity or hazard profile to the entire aerogel family." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate material using gel provenance, network evidence and an explicit aerogel boundary convention.", "Compare aerogel grades using properties measured under compatible conditions.", "Select material forms for insulation, adsorption or other specified functions using relevant performance evidence.", "Assess whether cutting, compression, wetting or thermal exposure would exceed demonstrated material limits.", "Identify specimens requiring conditioning, further testing or rejection because of damage or uncertain provenance.", "Derive handling and disposal requirements from the actual composition, physical form and applicable safety documentation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "aerogel-identity-and-composition", "name": "Aerogel identity and composition", "description": "Establishes what constitutes the aerogel and which chemical and product identities apply.", "rationale": "Aerogel identification depends on network origin and structure, while composition and composite form determine which evidence can be transferred.", "layers": [ { "id": "gel-derived-material-boundary", "name": "Gel-derived material boundary", "description": "Separates aerogel identity from appearance, low density and neighbouring porous-material categories.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Evidence for aerogel identity", "description": "Record the evidence required to identify a dried gel network and the terminology convention applied.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes a gel precursor and replacement of its liquid phase by gas?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which criterion distinguishes this material from a xerogel, cryogel or foam, and how is that criterion demonstrated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "network-and-composite-identity", "name": "Network and composite identity", "description": "Identifies the solid framework and separates it from other constituents.", "findings": [ { "id": "constituent-attribution", "name": "Constituent attribution", "description": "Record network chemistry, surface modifiers, reinforcement and identifiers at the level they actually describe.", "questions": [ { "text": "What forms the solid network, and which substances are surface treatments, residuals, binders or reinforcement?", "kind": "definition", "id": "constituent-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which chemical identifiers and composition records apply to individual constituents, and which identify the supplied grade or mixture?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "constituent-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "pore-network-and-processing-history", "name": "Pore network and processing history", "description": "Connects the retained porous architecture to preparation and drying history.", "rationale": "Nominally similar aerogels can differ materially in shrinkage, pore accessibility and network geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "network-retention", "name": "Network retention", "description": "Records how preparation and drying shaped the resulting solid.", "findings": [ { "id": "drying-and-shrinkage-record", "name": "Drying and shrinkage record", "description": "Capture processing evidence relevant to preservation or alteration of the gel network.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which gel ageing, solvent exchange, drying and post-treatment steps are documented for this batch?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "drying-and-shrinkage-record-q01" }, { "text": "What dimensional shrinkage or structural change was measured between the wet gel and the final aerogel?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "drying-and-shrinkage-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pore-architecture", "name": "Pore architecture", "description": "Characterises void volume, pore dimensions and accessible internal surface.", "findings": [ { "id": "porosity-measurement-basis", "name": "Porosity measurement basis", "description": "Record complementary measurements and the pore populations each method can observe.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the bulk density, skeletal density and porosity, and how do the methods treat interparticle voids or inaccessible pores?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "porosity-measurement-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What pore-size distribution and specific surface area were measured, using which probes, pretreatment and analysis assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "porosity-measurement-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-performance", "name": "Functional performance", "description": "Defines performance evidence for the intended thermal, transport or surface function.", "rationale": "Aerogel suitability cannot be inferred from porosity or material-family membership alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "thermal-behaviour", "name": "Thermal behaviour", "description": "Records heat-transfer performance and its environmental dependencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "thermal-performance-envelope", "name": "Thermal performance envelope", "description": "Associate thermal measurements with specimen configuration and demonstrated operating conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What thermal conductivity was measured at the relevant temperature, pressure, humidity, thickness and orientation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thermal-performance-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes the temperatures and exposure durations within which the required thermal performance is retained?", "kind": "action", "id": "thermal-performance-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-specific-function", "name": "Application-specific function", "description": "Selects additional properties according to the actual proposed use.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-test-selection", "name": "Functional test selection", "description": "Require direct evidence for adsorption, permeability, optical or electrical functions when claimed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which additional function is required, and what aerogel property and acceptance threshold express that requirement?", "kind": "definition", "id": "functional-test-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements demonstrate that function under the intended fluid, wavelength, electrical or loading conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-test-selection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity-and-environmental-response", "name": "Integrity and environmental response", "description": "Assesses deformation, damage, moisture interaction and changes during service.", "rationale": "A specimen's current network integrity and exposure history may invalidate nominal grade performance.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-integrity", "name": "Mechanical integrity", "description": "Distinguishes recoverable deformation from fracture and permanent pore-network collapse.", "findings": [ { "id": "load-and-damage-limits", "name": "Load and damage limits", "description": "Record mechanical limits for the actual material form and reinforcement configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stress-strain response, recovery and fracture behaviour were measured for this form under relevant loading?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "load-and-damage-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which cracking, shedding or permanent compaction observations require retesting or rejection for the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "load-and-damage-limits-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wetting-and-ageing", "name": "Wetting and ageing", "description": "Tracks surface treatment, environmental uptake and property changes over time.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-dependent-condition", "name": "Exposure-dependent condition", "description": "Record how water, chemicals and repeated environmental exposure affect the specific aerogel.", "questions": [ { "text": "What water uptake or wetting behaviour is demonstrated, and under which humidity, immersion or condensation conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-dependent-condition-q01" }, { "text": "After relevant exposure cycles, which structural and functional properties recover and which changes remain?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-dependent-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-material-disposition", "name": "Handling and material disposition", "description": "Connects material composition and condition to permitted handling, processing and end-of-use decisions.", "rationale": "Dust generation, residual chemicals, reinforcement and contamination require evidence specific to the supplied aerogel form.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-and-processing", "name": "Exposure and processing", "description": "Assesses operations that release particles or alter the material chemically.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-specific-controls", "name": "Operation-specific controls", "description": "Determine handling controls from grade documentation and the actual proposed operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particulate, residual-solvent or decomposition hazards are documented for cutting, abrasion or heating of this grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operation-specific-controls-q01" }, { "text": "Which handling controls and exposure limits apply to its constituents and released particle forms in the relevant jurisdiction?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reuse-and-disposal", "name": "Reuse and disposal", "description": "Evaluates disposition after damage, contamination or functional exhaustion.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-based-disposition", "name": "Condition-based disposition", "description": "Separate demonstrated reconditioning options from unsupported assumptions about reuse or waste classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows that drying, cleaning or regeneration restores the required properties without unacceptable network damage?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-based-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "How do reinforcement, surface treatments and captured contaminants affect reuse eligibility and applicable waste classification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "condition-based-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall without source consultation; verify standard editions and their exact applicability before specification work.", "The numerical ranges describe common lightweight silica aerogels, not the entire aerogel class; density, humidity, pressure, temperature, and reinforcement materially affect results.", "Aerogel has no universal formula, melting point, boiling point, or hazard classification; establish composition, surface chemistry, and product grade before assigning substance identifiers or safety requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Silica aerogels", "Other metal-oxide aerogels", "Carbon aerogels", "Organic polymer aerogels", "Cellulose aerogels", "Hybrid organic-inorganic aerogels" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "7631-86-9", "note": "Identifies silicon dioxide, a common aerogel constituent; it does not uniquely identify aerogel morphology, surface treatment, or a finished insulation product. Aerogels as a material class have no single CAS number." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ASTM International ASTM C1728: Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation; applies to flexible insulation products rather than every aerogel.", "ASTM International ASTM C518: steady-state thermal transmission testing using a heat flow meter; applicable to suitable aerogel insulation specimens." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Thermal insulation in industrial equipment, pipelines, buildings, and aerospace systems", "Capture of hypervelocity dust particles, including extraterrestrial sample collection", "Radiator material in Cherenkov particle detectors", "Porous electrodes, particularly carbon aerogels", "Catalyst supports and adsorbents" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Bulk density of lightweight silica aerogel monoliths", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.01-0.2", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Porosity of lightweight silica aerogels", "typical_range": "Approximately 90-99", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Thermal conductivity of silica aerogels near room temperature in air", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.012-0.030", "unit": "W/(m·K)" }, { "quantity": "Specific surface area of silica aerogels measured by gas adsorption", "typical_range": "Approximately 500-1000", "unit": "m²/g" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Many unreinforced inorganic aerogel monoliths are brittle and fracture or shed dust under handling and vibration.", "Dust generated during cutting or abrasion can irritate eyes and airways; assessment depends on composition, additives, and particle characteristics.", "Water uptake in hydrophilic aerogels can increase thermal conductivity and damage the porous structure during subsequent drying.", "Elevated temperatures can cause shrinkage, sintering, or loss of surface treatments, changing insulation performance.", "Organic constituents, surface treatments, and reinforcing materials can introduce combustibility or decomposition hazards absent from the inorganic skeleton alone." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Xerogel", "difference": "Conventionally produced by evaporative drying with substantial network shrinkage; aerogel production aims to preserve the open gel network, although terminology can overlap." }, { "name": "Hydrogel", "difference": "Contains water as its swelling liquid phase; an aerogel has gas occupying its pores." }, { "name": "Foam", "difference": "Has a cellular structure generally formed through bubbles or a foaming process; an aerogel is distinguished by its gel-derived porous network." }, { "name": "Silica", "difference": "Names a chemical composition, silicon dioxide; silica aerogel is one porous structural form, and many aerogels contain no silica." }, { "name": "Aerogel insulation blanket", "difference": "A finished composite combining aerogel with reinforcement and potentially other ingredients; its properties and classifications do not describe the aerogel phase alone." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of aerogel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative terminology should govern the aerogel-xerogel-cryogel boundary, especially for materials produced by different drying routes?", "Which measurement methods permit defensible comparison across monoliths, granules and reinforced aerogel composites?", "What grade-specific evidence is available for thermal stability, moisture ageing and retention of surface treatment?", "Which constituent identifiers, safety classifications and exposure limits apply to the aerogel grades represented by this registry entry?", "When should a reinforced or binder-containing material be represented as an aerogel grade versus a separate composite linked to its aerogel constituent?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a aerogel, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise aerogel materials, assess their condition and performance, and determine suitable uses and handling from composition, pore structure and supporting evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: aerographene.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a aerogel, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "aerographene" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one aerogel from another, and a aerogel from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a aerogel sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a aerogel from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a aerogel is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a aerogel is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a aerogel is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a aerogel is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a aerogel is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a aerogel is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a aerogel passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a aerogel between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a aerogel, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a aerogel is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a aerogel and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a aerogel is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a aerogel performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a aerogel.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a aerogel at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a aerogel there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What aerogel is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name aerogel unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of aerogel exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How aerogel behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of aerogel, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is aerogel incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How aerogel can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is aerogel classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover aerogel, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a aerogel came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a aerogel and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a aerogel is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a aerogel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a aerogel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a aerogel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }