windmill
Enable an AI agent to recognise a windmill, assess its capacity and condition for wind-driven mechanical work, and determine which operations or interventions are appropriate.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 29 questions
Identity and working purpose Establish what installation is being represented and what work it was built or adapted to perform.
Functional identification
Test whether the installation belongs to this model and identify its intended output.
Wind-to-work identity
Record evidence that the wind-catching assembly was intended to drive mechanical work.
- What work was the wind-driven shaft intended to perform, and through which machinery? definition
- What evidence distinguishes this installation from an electricity-only turbine, wind indicator or decorative replica? boundary
Configuration history
Separate original design, later adaptations and the surviving installation.
Original and present configuration
Record changes that affect recognition, completeness and operating assumptions.
- Which records or physical traces establish the original rotor, transmission and working machinery? provenance
- Which assemblies are original, replaced, missing or converted to another power source? definition
Wind capture and orientation Describe how this windmill intercepts wind and establishes its working orientation.
Rotor and sail configuration
Record the wind-catching assembly as installed and configured.
Effective wind-catching assembly
Capture rotor geometry, component completeness and adjustable wind-catching surfaces.
- What are the rotor-axis orientation, sail or blade count and swept dimensions? measurement
- Which surfaces can be adjusted or removed, and what is their current setting and condition? definition
Alignment and exposure
Describe orientation mechanisms and immediate constraints on wind access and rotor clearance.
Orientation capability
Identify whether and how the rotor, cap or body changes orientation.
- Does this design require directional alignment, and which assembly and mechanism provide it? definition
- What nearby obstructions or movement limits affect wind exposure, orientation or sail clearance? boundary
Mechanical power and load Trace motion from the wind-catching assembly to the machinery performing useful work.
Transmission path
Identify shafts, bearings, gears and couplings that transmit or interrupt motion.
Power-path continuity
Record the actual connected path and its observable mechanical condition.
- Through which shafts, gears and couplings does rotor motion reach each load, and where can that path be interrupted? definition
- What inspection evidence establishes alignment, bearing condition, gear engagement and freedom from seizure? provenance
Working-load interface
Represent the connection to driven machinery without absorbing its detailed model.
Load readiness and demand
Record load compatibility, engagement state and constraints passed back from the driven machine.
- Which driven machines are connected, and what speed, direction and load requirements do their records specify? boundary
- What must be verified at each driven machine before engaging or disengaging its load? action
Support and physical integrity Assess the structures and connections that support the rotor and resist operating forces.
Load-bearing structure
Identify the support path from rotor and machinery to the ground.
Structural load path
Record supporting members, joints and foundation conditions relevant to continued use.
- Which members, joints and foundations carry the rotor, transmission and wind-induced forces? definition
- Where have decay, corrosion, cracking, looseness or settlement been observed, and how were they assessed? provenance
Moving-assembly integrity
Assess attachment, support and clearance of the rotor and any turning cap or body.
Retention and clearance
Record evidence about secure attachment and unobstructed intended movement.
- What is known about the condition and retention of sail or blade attachments, the rotor shaft and movable structural supports? provenance
- What clearances, play or deformation have been measured, and against which installation-specific criteria? measurement
Operation, stopping and intervention Connect operating evidence to decisions about running, stopping, securing and maintaining the windmill.
Operating readiness
Evaluate a proposed use against current conditions and documented constraints.
Permitted operating state
Record the evidence supporting operation, restrictions or a decision to leave readiness unresolved.
- What documented wind, rotor-speed, load and sail-setting limits apply to the present configuration? provenance
- Do current observations, inspection status and operator authority support the proposed operation? action
Stopping and secured access
Distinguish bringing motion to a stop from maintaining a verified state suitable for intervention.
Control and isolation evidence
Record applicable controls, restraints and isolation procedures, including other connected energy sources.
- Which mechanisms reduce wind capture, stop rotation or restrain movement, and what evidence establishes their present effectiveness? provenance
- What installation-specific procedure and verification are required before entering the rotor sweep or accessing the transmission? action
- Which auxiliary drives, connected loads or stored mechanical energy could cause movement after the wind rotor stops? boundary
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Kinds and varieties
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.OBJ
- Other names and narrower kinds
- post mill, wind-water mill, wind powered sawmill, paltrock windmill, tjasker, smock mill, Halladay wind wheel, windpump, spider's head mill, roof windmill, Persian windmill, windmills in the Netherlands
What it is Filled
A windmill is a fixed-site prime mover that extracts kinetic energy from ambient wind with a rotor of sails or vanes and delivers it as rotary mechanical work to millstones, pumps, saws or other process machinery, as distinct from a wind turbine whose designed product is electrical power.
In scope
- Identity, original purpose, present function and completeness of the installation
- Sails or blades, rotor geometry, orientation and wind exposure
- Mechanical transmission and interfaces to grinding, pumping or other working machinery
- Supporting structure, foundations and movable cap or body where present
- Operating controls, stopping arrangements, condition and intervention constraints
Out of scope
- Electricity generation, grid connection and power-network behaviour
- Detailed models of pumps, millstones and other driven machines
- Regional wind climate and weather forecasting
- Farm, drainage-system or milling-business operations
- Site-wide land ownership, visitor management and heritage administration
Why it exists Filled
Enable an AI agent to recognise a windmill, assess its capacity and condition for wind-driven mechanical work, and determine which operations or interventions are appropriate.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Determine whether wind acting on sails or blades is intended to produce shaft rotation, rather than merely indicate wind direction or measure wind speed.
- Trace an intended mechanical power path from the rotor to a working load; distinguish missing historical machinery from a design that never performed work.
- Identify wind as the intended energy source, distinguishing the installation from a watermill or an externally powered mill.
- Establish whether the intended output is mechanical work, electricity or both before distinguishing a windmill from a wind turbine.
- Check evidence of functional construction or former operation to distinguish a working or surviving windmill from a decorative replica.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Operate or enter a working windmill without the keeper's authority and safety briefing.
- Let people near turning sails or open machinery.
- Alter a historic mill without heritage consent.
- Confuse a traditional windmill with a modern wind turbine.
Only with a human decision
- Running the sails in strong wind.
- Restoration of a protected mill.
May
- Describe a windmill's type, machinery and history from cited sources.
- Report damage or unsafe sails and structures to its keeper.
Moral aspects Filled
- Historic mills are heritage that communities value.
- Moving sails and gears can kill or injure.
Who is affected
- Visitors
- Millers and volunteers
- Local communities
Owners Filled
Steward
The owner of the mill; heritage authorities list protected mills.
Master systems
- National heritage registers
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q2111778 - registry parent class
- Q2221906 - registry parent class
- Q35825432 - registry parent class
- Q44494 - registry parent class
- Q811979 - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.windmill
- Wikidata: Q38720 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38720)
Direct properties required Filled
- Functional identity: grinding; water pumping; other mechanical work; hybrid; decorative or replica candidate; unresolved
- Construction configuration: documented local type plus rotor-axis orientation, support form and movable assembly
- Rotor swept dimensions: m; diameter or explicitly described swept-envelope dimensions
- Wind-catching configuration: observed sail, cloth, shutter or blade configuration; unknown where inaccessible
- Orientation mechanism: fixed; manually oriented; automatically oriented; other documented arrangement; unknown
- Driven equipment: linked machinery with coupling location and engagement state
- Transmission continuity: connected; intentionally disengaged; incomplete; seized; unverified
- Rotor speed: rpm, with observation time, wind conditions and load state
- Stopping and restraint readiness: mechanisms present, observed condition and verification status recorded separately
- Structural serviceability: assessed serviceable; restricted; assessed unserviceable; unassessed, with scope and date
- Operating envelope: installation-specific documented limits for wind, speed, load and configuration
Recognition required Filled
- A tower or post building with large sails or vanes turning a shaft.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Identify the installation and reconstruct its intended mechanical power path from observations and records.
- Inspect sails, supports, transmission and controls, recording defects and inaccessible areas.
- Assess a proposed operating configuration against documented limits, weather observations and machinery readiness.
- Request or coordinate authorised orientation, sail adjustment and load engagement using installation-specific procedures.
- Determine the required stopping, restraint and isolation conditions before access or maintenance.
- Plan repair or restoration while distinguishing retained fabric, replacements and unresolved historical details.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Sail strikes and entanglement in machinery.
- Runaway sails or fire in high wind.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- ISO 12100, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, provides machinery risk assessment and risk reduction principles applicable to windmill machinery.
- ISO 14120, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies general requirements for guards protecting people from mechanical machinery hazards.
Context of use required Filled
- Windmills provide mechanical power for tasks such as grinding grain, pumping water and driving workshop machinery.
- They are encountered in agricultural landscapes, drainage systems and preserved industrial heritage sites.
- Their useful operation depends on local wind conditions and the mechanical load connected to the sails.
Sources Filled
- The English Windmill - Rex Wailes (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954; later reprints) - English structural types (post, smock, tower), fantail winding, millwright practice, and working measurements of traditional mills.
- The Dutch Windmill - Frederick Stokhuyzen (Merlin Press / later English editions of De Hollandsche Molen material) - Dutch type names (grondzeiler, stellingmolen, wipmolen, paltrok), drainage versus industrial use, and the Netherlands as the reference tradition.
- Windmill - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation) - Overview of structural types, Persian vertical-axis mills, American farm windmills, and the modern distinction from wind turbines.
- windmill (Q38790) - Wikidata - Canonical identifier and alignment to Getty AAT and other authority files.
- Wikidata item Q38720: windmill - identity and sense of the item
Open questions
- Does the registry intend windmill to include electricity-only wind turbines and hybrid installations, or should those link to neighbouring models?
- Which construction traditions and rotor configurations must be represented, and which distinctions affect agent decisions enough to require explicit categories?
- How should ruins, disconnected surviving structures, working replicas and decorative reproductions be classified within or outside this entry?
- Which authoritative sources establish configuration-specific operating limits, inspection criteria and stopping procedures without assuming one windmill design applies to all?
- Where should the ownership boundary fall between an integral working mechanism and a separately modelled pump, grinding assembly or other driven machine?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q38720/spec.json