{ "model": { "rank": 2373, "code": "thing-q38720", "model_id": "vr.tr.windmill", "name": "windmill", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a windmill, assess its capacity and condition for wind-driven mechanical work, and determine which operations or interventions are appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q38720/", "tier": 2, "score": 108, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "post mill", "wind-water mill", "wind powered sawmill", "paltrock windmill", "tjasker", "smock mill", "Halladay wind wheel", "windpump", "spider's head mill", "roof windmill", "Persian windmill", "windmills in the Netherlands", "round stone mill", "mills in Leiden", "city wall mill", "windmills in Berlin", "polder windmill", "wind spinner", "Chinese windmill", "mills in Gouda", "tower mill", "pyramid pump", "smock mill on a small hill", "D-15", "tjaskers in Germany", "tjaskers in Overijssel", "tjaskers in the Netherlands", "grondzeiler", "stellingmill", "Bosman windpump", "Windmotoren in Friesland" ], "aliasCount": 31, "merged": 31, "knownIn": 108, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q38720", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38720", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:54:06Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01062228, "turns": 1, "seconds": 135.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb3-6880-7f33-96df-8abcaeb11e56\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: windmill\nRegistry id: vr.tr.windmill\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q38720", "registryId": "vr.tr.windmill", "name": "windmill", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q38720/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.windmill", "name": "windmill", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a windmill, assess its capacity and condition for wind-driven mechanical work, and determine which operations or interventions are appropriate.", "definition": "A windmill is a fixed-site prime mover that extracts kinetic energy from ambient wind with a rotor of sails or vanes and delivers it as rotary mechanical work to millstones, pumps, saws or other process machinery, as distinct from a wind turbine whose designed product is electrical power.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual windmill as an integrated wind-driven mechanical installation, including its wind-catching assembly, support structure, transmission, controls and connection to its working machinery; the treatment of electricity-only and hybrid installations remains a registry boundary question.", "in_scope": [ "Identity, original purpose, present function and completeness of the installation", "Sails or blades, rotor geometry, orientation and wind exposure", "Mechanical transmission and interfaces to grinding, pumping or other working machinery", "Supporting structure, foundations and movable cap or body where present", "Operating controls, stopping arrangements, condition and intervention constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Electricity generation, grid connection and power-network behaviour", "Detailed models of pumps, millstones and other driven machines", "Regional wind climate and weather forecasting", "Farm, drainage-system or milling-business operations", "Site-wide land ownership, visitor management and heritage administration" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether wind acting on sails or blades is intended to produce shaft rotation, rather than merely indicate wind direction or measure wind speed.", "Trace an intended mechanical power path from the rotor to a working load; distinguish missing historical machinery from a design that never performed work.", "Identify wind as the intended energy source, distinguishing the installation from a watermill or an externally powered mill.", "Establish whether the intended output is mechanical work, electricity or both before distinguishing a windmill from a wind turbine.", "Check evidence of functional construction or former operation to distinguish a working or surviving windmill from a decorative replica." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Functional identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "grinding; water pumping; other mechanical work; hybrid; decorative or replica candidate; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Connects identification to intended work and exposes uncertain registry boundaries." }, { "name": "Construction configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented local type plus rotor-axis orientation, support form and movable assembly", "why_it_matters": "Determines which parts turn, carry loads and require inspection without forcing every tradition into one typology." }, { "name": "Rotor swept dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m; diameter or explicitly described swept-envelope dimensions", "why_it_matters": "Establishes scale, clearance needs and the geometry relevant to wind loading." }, { "name": "Wind-catching configuration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed sail, cloth, shutter or blade configuration; unknown where inaccessible", "why_it_matters": "The installed and deployed configuration affects wind capture and the ability to reduce it." }, { "name": "Orientation mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "fixed; manually oriented; automatically oriented; other documented arrangement; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines how alignment is established and whether unattended movement is possible." }, { "name": "Driven equipment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked machinery with coupling location and engagement state", "why_it_matters": "Shows where mechanical energy goes and what must be coordinated before operation." }, { "name": "Transmission continuity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "connected; intentionally disengaged; incomplete; seized; unverified", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes rotor movement from the ability to deliver useful work." }, { "name": "Rotor speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "rpm, with observation time, wind conditions and load state", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with installation-specific operating limits and investigation of abnormal motion." }, { "name": "Stopping and restraint readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "mechanisms present, observed condition and verification status recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "A fitted brake or restraint does not by itself establish that motion can be controlled." }, { "name": "Structural serviceability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "assessed serviceable; restricted; assessed unserviceable; unassessed, with scope and date", "why_it_matters": "Links permitted use to evidence about the rotor supports, frame and foundation." }, { "name": "Operating envelope", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "installation-specific documented limits for wind, speed, load and configuration", "why_it_matters": "Provides an evidence basis for deciding whether a proposed operating state is acceptable." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the installation and reconstruct its intended mechanical power path from observations and records.", "Inspect sails, supports, transmission and controls, recording defects and inaccessible areas.", "Assess a proposed operating configuration against documented limits, weather observations and machinery readiness.", "Request or coordinate authorised orientation, sail adjustment and load engagement using installation-specific procedures.", "Determine the required stopping, restraint and isolation conditions before access or maintenance.", "Plan repair or restoration while distinguishing retained fabric, replacements and unresolved historical details." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wailes-english-windmill", "title": "The English Windmill - Rex Wailes (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954; later reprints)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "English structural types (post, smock, tower), fantail winding, millwright practice, and working measurements of traditional mills." }, { "id": "stokhuyzen-dutch-windmill", "title": "The Dutch Windmill - Frederick Stokhuyzen (Merlin Press / later English editions of De Hollandsche Molen material)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Dutch type names (grondzeiler, stellingmolen, wipmolen, paltrok), drainage versus industrial use, and the Netherlands as the reference tradition." }, { "id": "wikipedia-windmill", "title": "Windmill - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill", "what_it_supports": "Overview of structural types, Persian vertical-axis mills, American farm windmills, and the modern distinction from wind turbines.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q38790", "title": "windmill (Q38790) - Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38790", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and alignment to Getty AAT and other authority files.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-working-purpose", "name": "Identity and working purpose", "description": "Establish what installation is being represented and what work it was built or adapted to perform.", "rationale": "Windmill identity cannot be inferred from a tower and sails alone, especially for ruins, replicas and converted installations.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-identification", "name": "Functional identification", "description": "Test whether the installation belongs to this model and identify its intended output.", "findings": [ { "id": "wind-to-work-identity", "name": "Wind-to-work identity", "description": "Record evidence that the wind-catching assembly was intended to drive mechanical work.", "questions": [ { "text": "What work was the wind-driven shaft intended to perform, and through which machinery?", "kind": "definition", "id": "wind-to-work-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this installation from an electricity-only turbine, wind indicator or decorative replica?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "wind-to-work-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-history", "name": "Configuration history", "description": "Separate original design, later adaptations and the surviving installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "original-and-present-configuration", "name": "Original and present configuration", "description": "Record changes that affect recognition, completeness and operating assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which records or physical traces establish the original rotor, transmission and working machinery?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "original-and-present-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Which assemblies are original, replaced, missing or converted to another power source?", "kind": "definition", "id": "original-and-present-configuration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "wind-capture-and-orientation", "name": "Wind capture and orientation", "description": "Describe how this windmill intercepts wind and establishes its working orientation.", "rationale": "Rotor form, sail setting and orientation determine the installation's response to wind and the actions available to control it.", "layers": [ { "id": "rotor-and-sail-configuration", "name": "Rotor and sail configuration", "description": "Record the wind-catching assembly as installed and configured.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-wind-catching-assembly", "name": "Effective wind-catching assembly", "description": "Capture rotor geometry, component completeness and adjustable wind-catching surfaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the rotor-axis orientation, sail or blade count and swept dimensions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "effective-wind-catching-assembly-q01" }, { "text": "Which surfaces can be adjusted or removed, and what is their current setting and condition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "effective-wind-catching-assembly-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "alignment-and-exposure", "name": "Alignment and exposure", "description": "Describe orientation mechanisms and immediate constraints on wind access and rotor clearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "orientation-capability", "name": "Orientation capability", "description": "Identify whether and how the rotor, cap or body changes orientation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this design require directional alignment, and which assembly and mechanism provide it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "orientation-capability-q01" }, { "text": "What nearby obstructions or movement limits affect wind exposure, orientation or sail clearance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "orientation-capability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical-power-and-load", "name": "Mechanical power and load", "description": "Trace motion from the wind-catching assembly to the machinery performing useful work.", "rationale": "A rotating rotor does not establish that the windmill can transmit power or safely carry its intended load.", "layers": [ { "id": "transmission-path", "name": "Transmission path", "description": "Identify shafts, bearings, gears and couplings that transmit or interrupt motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "power-path-continuity", "name": "Power-path continuity", "description": "Record the actual connected path and its observable mechanical condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Through which shafts, gears and couplings does rotor motion reach each load, and where can that path be interrupted?", "kind": "definition", "id": "power-path-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection evidence establishes alignment, bearing condition, gear engagement and freedom from seizure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "power-path-continuity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "working-load-interface", "name": "Working-load interface", "description": "Represent the connection to driven machinery without absorbing its detailed model.", "findings": [ { "id": "load-readiness-and-demand", "name": "Load readiness and demand", "description": "Record load compatibility, engagement state and constraints passed back from the driven machine.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which driven machines are connected, and what speed, direction and load requirements do their records specify?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "load-readiness-and-demand-q01" }, { "text": "What must be verified at each driven machine before engaging or disengaging its load?", "kind": "action", "id": "load-readiness-and-demand-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "support-and-physical-integrity", "name": "Support and physical integrity", "description": "Assess the structures and connections that support the rotor and resist operating forces.", "rationale": "Wind capture and transmission depend on the integrity of stationary supports and, where present, large movable structural assemblies.", "layers": [ { "id": "load-bearing-structure", "name": "Load-bearing structure", "description": "Identify the support path from rotor and machinery to the ground.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-load-path", "name": "Structural load path", "description": "Record supporting members, joints and foundation conditions relevant to continued use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which members, joints and foundations carry the rotor, transmission and wind-induced forces?", "kind": "definition", "id": "structural-load-path-q01" }, { "text": "Where have decay, corrosion, cracking, looseness or settlement been observed, and how were they assessed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "structural-load-path-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "moving-assembly-integrity", "name": "Moving-assembly integrity", "description": "Assess attachment, support and clearance of the rotor and any turning cap or body.", "findings": [ { "id": "retention-and-clearance", "name": "Retention and clearance", "description": "Record evidence about secure attachment and unobstructed intended movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about the condition and retention of sail or blade attachments, the rotor shaft and movable structural supports?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "retention-and-clearance-q01" }, { "text": "What clearances, play or deformation have been measured, and against which installation-specific criteria?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "retention-and-clearance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-stopping-and-intervention", "name": "Operation, stopping and intervention", "description": "Connect operating evidence to decisions about running, stopping, securing and maintaining the windmill.", "rationale": "Wind availability, load changes and the effectiveness of controls determine whether movement can be managed and access permitted.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-readiness", "name": "Operating readiness", "description": "Evaluate a proposed use against current conditions and documented constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-operating-state", "name": "Permitted operating state", "description": "Record the evidence supporting operation, restrictions or a decision to leave readiness unresolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented wind, rotor-speed, load and sail-setting limits apply to the present configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-operating-state-q01" }, { "text": "Do current observations, inspection status and operator authority support the proposed operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-operating-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stopping-and-secured-access", "name": "Stopping and secured access", "description": "Distinguish bringing motion to a stop from maintaining a verified state suitable for intervention.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-and-isolation-evidence", "name": "Control and isolation evidence", "description": "Record applicable controls, restraints and isolation procedures, including other connected energy sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mechanisms reduce wind capture, stop rotation or restrain movement, and what evidence establishes their present effectiveness?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "control-and-isolation-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What installation-specific procedure and verification are required before entering the rotor sweep or accessing the transmission?", "kind": "action", "id": "control-and-isolation-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which auxiliary drives, connected loads or stored mechanical energy could cause movement after the wind rotor stops?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "control-and-isolation-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Post mill (whole body yaws on a central post)", "Smock mill (tapered timber tower; only the cap yaws)", "Tower mill (masonry or brick tower; rotating cap)", "Hollow-post / wip mill (small drainage mill; only the upper body turns)", "Paltrok mill (Dutch platform sawmill that yaws as a whole)", "American multi-blade farm mill (steel windpump)", "Vertical-axis Persian / panemone mill (Sistan type, walls channel the wind)", "Mediterranean canvas-sail tower mill (small stone tower, triangular cloth sails)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q38790", "note": "Item 'windmill'; related items include Q1790578 (windpump) and Q49833 (wind turbine)." }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress Subject Headings", "value_or_pattern": "Windmills", "note": "Bibliographic and catalogue heading; subdivisions by place and function (e.g. drainage, flour)." }, { "scheme": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus", "value_or_pattern": "aat:300006273", "note": "Concept 'windmills' under mills (buildings); confirm on vocab.getty.edu before treating the numeric id as normative." }, { "scheme": "Dutch mill registers (De Hollandsche Molen / Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed)", "value_or_pattern": "national mill number / rijksmonument number on a named mill", "note": "Instance identifiers for surviving Netherlands mills, not a type code for 'windmill' as a class." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 61400 series (International Electrotechnical Commission) - design, safety and testing of wind energy generation systems; governs electricity-producing plants often colloquially called windmills, not traditional mechanical mills.", "EN 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Wind actions (CEN) - characteristic wind loads on towers, caps and sails when a mill is treated as a structure.", "Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (United Kingdom) - listing, consent and fabric control for historic mills.", "Erfgoedwet 2016 (Netherlands) - rijksmonument status and works consent for protected molens.", "National occupational safety law for rotating machinery and work at height (e.g. UK Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and PUWER; EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC where new or substantially modified machinery is placed on the market)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Grain milling: surviving working corn mills in the Netherlands, eastern England and elsewhere still dress stones and produce flour for sale or demonstration.", "Polder and marsh drainage: Dutch wip and tower drainage mills (and their steam/electric successors) lift water between ditches and boezem; a few remain in the hydraulic system, many as heritage plant.", "Livestock and farm water: galvanised multi-blade farm mills on the North American plains, Australia and southern Africa drive borehole pumps.", "Industrial process: historically sawing timber (Zaan paltrok and related types), oil-seed pressing, paper, and Caribbean cane crushing.", "Heritage operation and tourism: staffed or volunteer mills at sites such as Kinderdijk and Zaanse Schans (Netherlands) and open-air mill museums in the UK and northern Europe.", "Landscape marker and toponym: listed buildings, village silhouettes, and place-names even where the machinery is long removed." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Rotor / sail span (European post, smock and tower mills)", "typical_range": "10-28", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Rotor diameter (American multi-blade farm mill)", "typical_range": "1.8-5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Tower or body height to cap", "typical_range": "8-30", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Delivered mechanical power (large traditional mill in a working breeze)", "typical_range": "5-40", "unit": "kW" }, { "quantity": "Cut-in wind speed for useful work", "typical_range": "4-6", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "Number of sails or blades", "typical_range": "4 (European common); 8-18 (US farm mill)", "unit": "count" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Runaway mill: brake or reefing failure in a gale, overspeed, then sail, stock or windshaft fracture and possible cap loss.", "Storm wrecking of sails and staging when the mill is left facing or tailed incorrectly.", "Fire from brake friction, hot millstones, or lightning, often destroying a timber smock or post mill completely.", "Tower settlement, rot of the post or cant-posts, and collapse of stage or fan-tail.", "Occupational injury: entanglement in stones and gearing, falls from the stage, and being struck by a sail.", "Hydraulic consequence: a stopped drainage mill (or a failed successor pump) can leave a polder without lift during high water.", "Ice throw and blade failure are characteristic of large electricity turbines; they are not the dominant historic mill hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Netherlands: molen is the ordinary word; practice distinguishes grondzeiler (sails reach the ground) from stellingmolen (gallery), plus wipmolen and paltrok; volunteer and professional miller training is institutionalised.", "England and Wales: post mills concentrated in the east; smock and tower mills elsewhere; the automatic fantail is a characteristic winding device; 'windmill' in planning and listing is the historic mechanical mill.", "Mediterranean (Greece, Iberia, Balearics, Maghreb): small masonry towers with triangular canvas sails, often for grain or water, not the large north-European smock.", "Sistan (eastern Iran / southwestern Afghanistan): surviving and archaeological vertical-axis mills with masonry wind-catching walls, a separate lineage from the European horizontal-axis mill.", "North America, Australia, southern Africa: 'windmill' in rural speech usually means the steel multi-blade farm pump, not a masonry corn mill.", "Colloquial global English, especially around modern energy plant: 'windmill' is widely used for a three-bladed electricity turbine; millwright and IEC usage keep that plant as a wind turbine." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Wind turbine", "difference": "Designed output is electrical power via a generator (typically three aerofoil blades, powered yaw, hub heights tens of metres); a windmill's designed output is mechanical work at stones, a pump or a saw. IEC 61400 applies to the former." }, { "name": "Watermill", "difference": "Prime mover is a waterwheel or turbine on a controlled watercourse (millrace, weir, millpond), not a wind rotor; many sites historically combined both." }, { "name": "Windpump (when treated as a separate class)", "difference": "Purpose-built water-lifting plant, usually a steel multi-blade rotor and crank pump; a drainage or farm mill is a windmill used as a pump, but a specialised American farm mill is often catalogued as a windpump (Wikidata Q1790578) rather than as a corn mill." }, { "name": "Tide mill", "difference": "Driven by impounded tidal flow through a sluiced pond, not by wind; the building may look mill-like and share millstones." }, { "name": "Wind engine / industrial wind motor", "difference": "Nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century factory or farm motors (often annular or annular-sailed) sold as engines rather than as a milling building; test is whether the plant is a mill house with process machinery or a packaged wind motor driving a shaft." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of windmill this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend windmill to include electricity-only wind turbines and hybrid installations, or should those link to neighbouring models?", "Which construction traditions and rotor configurations must be represented, and which distinctions affect agent decisions enough to require explicit categories?", "How should ruins, disconnected surviving structures, working replicas and decorative reproductions be classified within or outside this entry?", "Which authoritative sources establish configuration-specific operating limits, inspection criteria and stopping procedures without assuming one windmill design applies to all?", "Where should the ownership boundary fall between an integral working mechanism and a separately modelled pump, grinding assembly or other driven machine?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a windmill, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a windmill, assess its capacity and condition for wind-driven mechanical work, and determine which operations or interventions are appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: post mill, wind-water mill, wind powered sawmill, paltrock windmill, tjasker, smock mill, Halladay wind wheel, windpump, spider's head mill, roof windmill, Persian windmill, windmills in the Netherlands.", "31 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 108 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a windmill, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "post mill", "wind-water mill", "wind powered sawmill", "paltrock windmill", "tjasker", "smock mill", "Halladay wind wheel", "windpump", "spider's head mill", "roof windmill", "Persian windmill", "windmills in the Netherlands" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 108 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 31 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one windmill from another, and a windmill from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a windmill sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a windmill from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a windmill is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a windmill is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a windmill is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a windmill is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a windmill is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a windmill is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a windmill passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a windmill between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a windmill, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a windmill is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What windmill is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does windmill perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise windmill, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How windmill is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does windmill have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does windmill need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about windmill is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about windmill hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern windmill, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a windmill came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a windmill and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a windmill is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a windmill, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a windmill, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a windmill is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }