{ "model": { "rank": 1346, "code": "thing-q40231", "model_id": "vr.tr.public-election", "name": "public election", "purpose": "Let an agent handle elections by type, date, jurisdiction, rules, candidates and results, give neutral and accurate voting information, and never spread electoral misinformation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q40231/", "tier": 2, "score": 154, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "General Congregation of the Society of Jesus", "Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU", "papal consistory", "Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Super Tuesday", "U.S. presidential caucus", "Iowa caucuses", "cancelled election", "uncontested election", "weekday election", "municipal election", "mock election", "Portuguese local elections", "Swedish municipal elections", "municipal election in Brazil", "county council election", "mayoral election in Haifa", "comarcal council elections", "Matzikama Local Municipality elections", "Cederberg Local Municipality elections", "Hessequa Local Municipality elections", "Alfred Duma Local Municipality elections", "2004 Thai provincial administrative organisation elections", "Mogale City Local Municipality elections", "Abaqulusi Local Municipality elections", "Dutch municipal elections", "KwaDukuza Local Municipality elections", "Ntambanana Local Municipality elections", "Municipal elections in Alzira", "Municipal elections in Dosrius", "Municipal elections in Morella", "Municipal elections in Xàtiva", "2022 Icelandic municipal elections", "ǃKheis Local Municipality elections", "Msukaligwa Local Municipality elections", "French departmental election", "Komae mayoral election", "Local election in Ukraine", "local elections in Saudi Arabia", "municipal election in Denmark" ], "aliasCount": 1174, "merged": 1177, "knownIn": 154, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q40231", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40231", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T06:31:18Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q40231", "registryId": "vr.tr.public-election", "name": "public election", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q40231/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.public-election", "name": "public election", "purpose": "Let an agent handle elections by type, date, jurisdiction, rules, candidates and results, give neutral and accurate voting information, and never spread electoral misinformation.", "definition": "A formal process by which citizens vote to choose representatives or decide questions, such as parliamentary, presidential, local elections and referendums, organised under electoral law.", "what_it_is_for": "Choosing representatives and deciding questions democratically.", "affordances": [ "register and vote", "stand as a candidate", "observe and count", "report and challenge results lawfully" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Public vote under electoral law", "Run by an electoral authority", "Secret ballot and equal suffrage principles", "Primaries and caucuses are party processes" ], "appearance": "Polling stations, ballots, campaigns and results broadcasts.", "visual_identification": [ "Official election notices", "Ballot papers and polling places", "Internal party or church votes are different events" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "parliamentary elections", "presidential elections", "local elections", "referendums", "primaries and caucuses" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "voting", "why": "process" }, { "relation": "elects", "target": "member of parliament, president, mayor", "why": "offices" }, { "relation": "is held in", "target": "electoral unit", "why": "districts" }, { "relation": "is governed by", "target": "electoral law", "why": "rules" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "election id", "value_or_pattern": "electoral authority code", "note": "official records" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National electoral law", "ICCPR Article 25", "OSCE/ODIHR election observation standards", "Venice Commission Code of Good Practice" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misinformation about dates, eligibility or procedures", "Voter intimidation", "Partisan bias in descriptions" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "event", "name": "Event", "description": "Which election.", "rationale": "Election details must be official.", "layers": [ { "id": "details", "name": "Details", "description": "Type, date, jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "details-finding", "name": "Details", "description": "Election details.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which election, where and when, according to the electoral authority?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which offices or questions are on the ballot?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "system", "name": "Electoral system", "description": "How votes count.", "findings": [ { "id": "system-finding", "name": "System", "description": "Voting system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which electoral system is used?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How are seats allocated?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "voting", "name": "Voting", "description": "How to vote.", "rationale": "Accurate voting information is vital.", "layers": [ { "id": "eligibility", "name": "Eligibility", "description": "Who can vote.", "findings": [ { "id": "eligibility-finding", "name": "Eligibility", "description": "Eligibility rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is eligible to vote, and how do they register?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is the registration deadline?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "In person, post, proxy.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Methods", "description": "Voting methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can people vote: in person, by post or proxy?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What ID is required?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "results", "name": "Results", "description": "Outcomes.", "rationale": "Results must be official.", "layers": [ { "id": "official", "name": "Official results", "description": "Certified.", "findings": [ { "id": "official-finding", "name": "Results", "description": "Official results.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the official results?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they certified?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "challenges", "name": "Challenges", "description": "Disputes.", "findings": [ { "id": "challenges-finding", "name": "Challenges", "description": "Legal challenges.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are results being challenged, and through which lawful process?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What have courts decided?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity", "name": "Integrity", "description": "Fairness and misinformation.", "rationale": "Agents must protect electoral integrity.", "layers": [ { "id": "misinformation", "name": "Misinformation", "description": "False claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "misinformation-finding", "name": "Misinformation", "description": "Handling false claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a claim about the election misinformation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which official source corrects it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neutrality", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "No partisanship.", "findings": [ { "id": "neutrality-finding", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Neutral handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the description neutral between parties and candidates?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are claims attributed?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should election types be separate entries?", "How should agents always point to official voting information?", "The registry entry has merged party congress aliases; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a public election, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle elections by type, date, jurisdiction, rules, candidates and results, give neutral and accurate voting information, and never spread electoral misinformation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: General Congregation of the Society of Jesus, Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, papal consistory, Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Super Tuesday, U.S. presidential caucus, Iowa caucuses, cancelled election, uncontested election, weekday election, municipal election, mock election.", "1177 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 154 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a public election, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "General Congregation of the Society of Jesus", "Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU", "papal consistory", "Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Super Tuesday", "U.S. presidential caucus", "Iowa caucuses", "cancelled election", "uncontested election", "weekday election", "municipal election", "mock election" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 154 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1177 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one public election from another, and a public election from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a public election sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a public election from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a public election passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a public election between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a public election, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a public election is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a public election proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a public election, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a public election and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a public election consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a public election takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What public election is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of public election are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is public election operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of public election and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of public election?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as public election?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a public election came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a public election and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a public election is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a public election, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a public election, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a public election is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }