{ "model": { "rank": 1784, "code": "thing-q40244", "model_id": "vr.tr.marathon", "name": "marathon", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the marathon and its history and format, describe related events such as ekiden, relay training and safety guidance from athletics and health bodies, identify major races and records with sources, and support participants and fans.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q40244/", "tier": 2, "score": 127, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ekiden", "Japan Collegiate Ekiden Championships", "Hakone Ekiden", "Inter-Prefectural Women's Ekiden", "New Year Ekiden", "Yokohama International Women's Ekiden", "Kigali International Peace Marathon", "Budapest Marathon", "Guangzhou Marathon", "İzmir Marathon", "Tashkent Marathon", "NAHA Marathon", "Ibigawa marathon", "Marathon Festival Nagoya Aichi", "Yoron marathon", "Kumejima marathon", "Kyoto Marathon", "Ghent Marathon", "Kasterlee Marathon", "Dresden Marathon", "Dublin Marathon", "Every Woman's Marathon", "Athens Ohio Marathon", "Lima Marathon", "Melbourne Marathon", "Helsingborg Marathon", "Tiberias Marathon", "Gold Coast Marathon", "Santa Barbara Marathon", "Moscow Marathon", "Marabana", "Neujahrsmarathon Zürich", "Kagoshima Marathon", "Marathon du beaujolais", "Ohme marathon", "Bucharest Marathon", "Columbus Marathon", "Eugene Marathon", "21K Buenos Aires", "Mexico City Marathon" ], "aliasCount": 46, "merged": 46, "knownIn": 127, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.marathon", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q40244", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40244", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T03:29:30Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q40244", "registryId": "vr.tr.marathon", "name": "marathon", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q40244/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.marathon", "name": "marathon", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the marathon and its history and format, describe related events such as ekiden, relay training and safety guidance from athletics and health bodies, identify major races and records with sources, and support participants and fans.", "definition": "A long-distance running race of forty-two kilometres and one hundred and ninety-five metres, named after the legend of the run from Marathon to Athens and established at the 1896 Olympic Games, now run in mass participation events worldwide and in elite competition, together with related long-distance relay races such as the Japanese ekiden including the Hakone Ekiden; marathons demand training and preparation and are governed by athletics federations and event organisers.", "what_it_is_for": "Long-distance running race over a standard distance.", "affordances": [ "explain history and format", "describe related events", "relay training and safety guidance", "identify races and records" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Standard distance", "Olympic origin", "Mass participation", "Relay variants" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a road race event.", "visual_identification": [ "Forty-two kilometre road race", "Mass and elite participation", "Half marathons and ultramarathons are other distances; ekiden is a relay" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Olympic and championship marathons", "major city marathons", "mass participation and charity marathons", "trail and unusual marathons", "ekiden and long-distance relays" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "long-distance running", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "racing", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "footwear", "why": "running shoes" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "European Athletics Championships", "why": "a championship with a marathon" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "World Athletics rules for road races", "Course measurement standards", "Event safety and medical requirements" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Injury, heat illness and cardiac events in participants", "Agents giving personal training or medical advice", "Outdated records" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a marathon is.", "rationale": "Sport.", "layers": [ { "id": "distance", "name": "Distance", "description": "Distance and origin.", "findings": [ { "id": "distance-finding", "name": "Distance", "description": "Distance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is the marathon forty-two kilometres and one hundred and ninety-five metres, and how did it originate?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is a marathon, half marathon or relay meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "relays", "name": "Relays", "description": "Ekiden and relays.", "findings": [ { "id": "relays-finding", "name": "Relays", "description": "Relays.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is ekiden, and how do events such as the Hakone Ekiden work?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific ekiden?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "run", "name": "Run", "description": "Participating.", "rationale": "Guidance.", "layers": [ { "id": "train", "name": "Train", "description": "Training.", "findings": [ { "id": "train-finding", "name": "Train", "description": "Training.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do athletics and health bodies advise about training for a marathon?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own health, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Race day safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety guidance applies to hydration, heat and medical issues on race day?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is a medical emergency happening now?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "records", "name": "Records", "description": "Races and records.", "rationale": "Reference.", "layers": [ { "id": "races", "name": "Races", "description": "Major races.", "findings": [ { "id": "races-finding", "name": "Races", "description": "Races.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which marathons are the major events, and how do runners enter them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific race?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "records", "name": "Records", "description": "Records.", "findings": [ { "id": "records-finding", "name": "Records", "description": "Records.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the world records and notable performances, according to World Athletics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and culture.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the marathon develop from 1896 through the running boom to today?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture and charity.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "What role do marathons play in cities, charity and culture?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each major marathon be a separate entry?", "How should records be linked?", "How should training guidance be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a marathon, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the marathon and its history and format, describe related events such as ekiden, relay training and safety guidance from athletics and health bodies, identify major races and records with sources, and support participants and fans.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ekiden, Japan Collegiate Ekiden Championships, Hakone Ekiden, Inter-Prefectural Women's Ekiden, New Year Ekiden, Yokohama International Women's Ekiden, Kigali International Peace Marathon, Budapest Marathon, Guangzhou Marathon, İzmir Marathon, Tashkent Marathon, NAHA Marathon.", "46 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 127 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a marathon, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ekiden", "Japan Collegiate Ekiden Championships", "Hakone Ekiden", "Inter-Prefectural Women's Ekiden", "New Year Ekiden", "Yokohama International Women's Ekiden", "Kigali International Peace Marathon", "Budapest Marathon", "Guangzhou Marathon", "İzmir Marathon", "Tashkent Marathon", "NAHA Marathon" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 127 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 46 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one marathon from another, and a marathon from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a marathon sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a marathon from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a marathon passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a marathon between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a marathon, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a marathon is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a marathon proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a marathon, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a marathon and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a marathon consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a marathon takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What marathon is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of marathon are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is marathon operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of marathon and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of marathon?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as marathon?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a marathon came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a marathon and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a marathon is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a marathon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a marathon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a marathon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }