{ "model": { "rank": 2018, "code": "thing-q40843", "model_id": "vr.tr.cross", "name": "cross", "purpose": "Let an agent handle crosses by form, meaning attributed to their traditions, heraldic blazon and legal protection of emblems, and treat religious symbols respectfully.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q40843/", "tier": 2, "score": 118, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cross pattée", "Red Cross", "Saltair", "ordinary cross", "cross indented", "cross of Camargue", "Wayside crosses in Romania", "red cross", "Tau cross", "cross arm", "Lauburu", "Nordic cross", "Crosses in Georgia", "Madison cross", "crux gemmata", "crosses in heraldry", "Russian Orthodox cross", "ankh", "Leopold cross", "Latin cross", "saltire", "Rupert cross", "lilac cross", "Maltese cross", "Jansenistic cross", "two-barred cross", "Agadez cross", "green cross", "Borromean cross", "Jerusalem cross", "Russian cross", "Novgorod cross", "Scientology cross", "Order of Christ Cross", "equal-armed cross", "Cross of Aviz", "Greek cross", "cross pommee", "cross potent", "patriarchal cross" ], "aliasCount": 56, "merged": 57, "knownIn": 118, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.cross", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q40843", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40843", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:41:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q40843", "registryId": "vr.tr.cross", "name": "cross", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q40843/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cross", "name": "cross", "purpose": "Let an agent handle crosses by form, meaning attributed to their traditions, heraldic blazon and legal protection of emblems, and treat religious symbols respectfully.", "definition": "A geometric figure of two intersecting lines or bars, usually at right angles, used as a symbol in many contexts: the principal symbol of Christianity, heraldic crosses such as the cross pattee and saltire, national flags, and protected emblems such as the Red Cross under the Geneva Conventions.", "what_it_is_for": "Symbolism in religion, heraldry, flags and humanitarian protection.", "affordances": [ "identify cross forms", "explain meanings as traditions describe them", "read heraldic blazons of crosses", "understand rules on the Red Cross emblem" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intersecting lines", "Many named forms", "Religious and secular uses", "Some emblems legally protected" ], "appearance": "Two intersecting bars in many forms, such as Latin, Greek, saltire, pattee and Maltese crosses.", "visual_identification": [ "Intersecting bars", "Latin, Greek and saltire forms", "A plus sign is a mathematical symbol" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Christian crosses", "heraldic crosses and ordinaries", "saltires and flag crosses", "protected humanitarian emblems", "decorative and regional crosses" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "geometric shape and symbol", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "heraldry", "why": "context" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "Red Cross emblem", "why": "protected emblem" }, { "relation": "is used as", "target": "heraldic charge", "why": "heraldic use" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Geneva Conventions on protection of the red cross emblem", "National emblem protection law", "Heraldic authority rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misusing protected humanitarian emblems", "Presenting religious meanings as facts", "Confusing cross forms" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Which cross.", "rationale": "Forms identify.", "layers": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Cross form.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-finding", "name": "Identify", "description": "Cross form.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cross form is this, such as Latin, Greek, saltire or pattee?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Where is it typically used?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "heraldry", "name": "Heraldry", "description": "Blazon.", "findings": [ { "id": "heraldry-finding", "name": "Heraldry", "description": "Heraldic crosses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is this cross blazoned in heraldry?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it an ordinary or a charge in this tradition?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "meaning", "name": "Meaning", "description": "Symbolism.", "rationale": "Meanings are attributed.", "layers": [ { "id": "religious", "name": "Religious", "description": "Christian symbol.", "findings": [ { "id": "religious-finding", "name": "Religious", "description": "Christian meaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the cross mean to Christians, according to their churches?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do traditions differ in form or use?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flags", "name": "Flags", "description": "National flags.", "findings": [ { "id": "flags-finding", "name": "Flags", "description": "Flags.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which national or regional flags use a cross, and what do official sources say about it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is it described?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "emblems", "name": "Emblems", "description": "Protected emblems.", "rationale": "Law protects emblems.", "layers": [ { "id": "redcross", "name": "Red Cross", "description": "Humanitarian emblem.", "findings": [ { "id": "redcross-finding", "name": "Red Cross", "description": "Red Cross emblem.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who may use the red cross emblem, according to the Geneva Conventions and national law?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can misuse be reported?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Using crosses in design.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-finding", "name": "Design", "description": "Design use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could a design using a red cross infringe emblem protection?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which alternatives are safe?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "respect", "name": "Respect", "description": "Respectful use.", "rationale": "Symbols matter to people.", "layers": [ { "id": "respect", "name": "Respect", "description": "Sacred symbols.", "findings": [ { "id": "respect-finding", "name": "Respect", "description": "Respectful use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the cross being used in a way believers may find disrespectful?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How can the context be explained neutrally?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "misuse", "name": "Misuse", "description": "Hate symbols.", "findings": [ { "id": "misuse-finding", "name": "Misuse", "description": "Misuse by extremists.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a cross form used here as a hate symbol, according to monitoring organisations?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How should the distinction be explained?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each cross form be a separate entry?", "How should heraldic crosses be linked?", "How should protected emblems be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cross, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle crosses by form, meaning attributed to their traditions, heraldic blazon and legal protection of emblems, and treat religious symbols respectfully.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cross pattée, Red Cross, Saltair, ordinary cross, cross indented, cross of Camargue, Wayside crosses in Romania, red cross, Tau cross, cross arm, Lauburu, Nordic cross.", "57 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 118 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cross, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cross pattée", "Red Cross", "Saltair", "ordinary cross", "cross indented", "cross of Camargue", "Wayside crosses in Romania", "red cross", "Tau cross", "cross arm", "Lauburu", "Nordic cross" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 118 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 57 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cross from another, and a cross from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cross sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cross from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cross passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cross between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cross, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cross is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What cross is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of cross are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is cross operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of cross and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of cross?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as cross?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cross came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cross and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cross is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cross, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cross, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cross is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }