{ "model": { "rank": 6617, "code": "thing-q41317", "model_id": "vr.tr.electric-ray", "name": "electric ray", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electric ray, distinguish taxon-level knowledge from observations of individuals and populations, assess condition and electrical hazards, and choose evidence-supported actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q41317/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q41317", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41317", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:08:36Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0886d-50ba-7fe0-be18-1ee04ea8c0b7\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electric ray\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 56.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0886d-50af-73e2-9ddb-d6feca48cb0b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electric ray\nRegistry id: vr.tr.electric-ray\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q41317", "registryId": "vr.tr.electric-ray", "name": "electric ray", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q41317/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.electric-ray", "name": "electric ray", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electric ray, distinguish taxon-level knowledge from observations of individuals and populations, assess condition and electrical hazards, and choose evidence-supported actions.", "definition": "An electric ray is a marine cartilaginous fish of the group traditionally classified as Torpediniformes, distinguished by paired electric organs derived from muscle beside the head that produce discharges used in prey capture and defence.", "scope_statement": "This model owns electric rays as a registered organism kind, including their identification, paired electric organs, discharge behaviour, life history, habitat relationships and condition; species-specific claims require an identified taxon and supporting evidence.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of electric rays and resolution of the common name to an accepted taxon", "Distinction between a taxon, a local population and an individual animal", "Electric-organ anatomy, discharge capability and observed discharge context", "Life stage, reproductive condition, feeding and physical health", "Species-specific habitat, distribution, population pressures and conservation assessments", "Observation, encounter and handling decisions involving electrical discharge" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Electric eels and other electrically active fishes outside the electric-ray grouping", "General ray anatomy and physiology except where needed to distinguish electric rays", "Marine habitat management beyond its direct effects on electric rays", "Seafood products, processed tissues and extracted electric-organ preparations", "Electrical equipment inspired by electric rays", "Clinical treatment of human injuries following an encounter" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identification should establish both ray body organisation and paired electric organs; a rounded disc alone is insufficient.", "Distinguish an electricity-generating organ from electroreception: detecting an electric field does not establish an ability to deliver an electric discharge.", "Check an authoritative identification key for electric-ray characters before interpreting an encounter as a stingray injury or another ray interaction.", "Separate electric rays from electric eels using body organisation and taxonomic identification rather than the shared ability to generate electricity.", "Do not reject an electric-ray identification solely because no discharge was observed; record observation conditions and identification evidence separately." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identification and record level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Accepted taxon and rank; authority and date; identification confidence; taxon, population or individual", "why_it_matters": "The common name must not be treated as one species or used to attach population observations to the entire grouping." }, { "name": "Taxonomic reference alignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "GBIF and NCBI identifiers where available, with source version and unresolved mismatches", "why_it_matters": "Allows records to be reconciled without assuming different taxonomic services use identical boundaries." }, { "name": "Disc and body dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Disc width and total length in centimetres; mass in kilograms; method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and condition assessment while keeping unlike size measurements separate." }, { "name": "Electric-organ evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Taxonomically expected, directly documented, uncertain or unassessed; evidence method", "why_it_matters": "Separates an anatomical observation from an inference based on identification." }, { "name": "Discharge observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Potential difference in volts, current in amperes, pulse duration in milliseconds and repetition rate in hertz where measured; electrode geometry, load and water conductivity", "why_it_matters": "An electrical reading is interpretable only with its measurement conditions and cannot alone establish encounter risk." }, { "name": "Life stage and reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Source-defined life stage; sex and maturity where established; reproductive condition or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Size, behaviour and vulnerability must be interpreted in relation to development and reproduction." }, { "name": "Habitat and occurrence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Georeferenced occurrence, date, depth in metres, substrate, water temperature in degrees Celsius and salinity with stated scale", "why_it_matters": "Connects an observation to local conditions without generalising one species' habitat to all electric rays." }, { "name": "Physical and behavioural condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed injury, ventilation, posture, movement and feeding response; baseline and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports welfare decisions without treating discharge presence or absence as a complete health assessment." }, { "name": "Conservation and protection context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Taxon-specific assessment category, assessment year, geographic scope and applicable legal jurisdiction", "why_it_matters": "Conservation assessments and legal restrictions apply to particular taxa and places, not automatically to the common-name grouping." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify an observed animal using documented characters and flag cases requiring specialist confirmation.", "Attach electrical observations to an individual and measurement context without provoking a discharge for identification.", "Compare observed condition with a species- and life-stage-appropriate baseline.", "Map verified occurrences and distinguish local observations from supported native-range claims.", "Determine whether observation, sampling, relocation or release requires specialist procedures and jurisdiction-specific authorisation.", "Select an encounter response using animal condition, electrical uncertainty and an applicable species-specific protocol." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-organism-boundaries", "name": "Identity and organism boundaries", "description": "Resolve what electric ray denotes and which biological entity a record describes.", "rationale": "A common-name grouping cannot safely inherit a single binomial, range or conservation status.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-resolution", "name": "Taxonomic resolution", "description": "Connect the registered name and any identification to a documented classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-electric-ray-placement", "name": "Accepted electric-ray placement", "description": "Record the taxonomic coverage of electric ray and retain authority, date and reference identifiers for narrower identifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative classification defines the taxa included under electric ray, and which version was consulted?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-electric-ray-placement-q01" }, { "text": "For an identified species, what are the accepted binomial, authority, date and available GBIF and NCBI identifiers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-electric-ray-placement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identification-and-record-level", "name": "Identification and record level", "description": "Separate diagnostic evidence from the entity to which observations apply.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-and-observation-subject", "name": "Diagnosis and observation subject", "description": "Require evidence for electric-ray identification and explicitly distinguish taxon, population and individual claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented anatomical characters distinguish this animal from locally occurring non-electric rays and other electric fishes?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnosis-and-observation-subject-q01" }, { "text": "Does this record describe the whole taxon, a geographically bounded population or one observed individual?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnosis-and-observation-subject-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "electric-organs-and-discharge", "name": "Electric organs and discharge", "description": "Represent the distinctive electrical apparatus and the evidence needed to interpret its output.", "rationale": "Electrical capability is central to recognition and encounter decisions, but anatomical capability, measured output and behavioural use are different claims.", "layers": [ { "id": "electric-organ-anatomy", "name": "Electric-organ anatomy", "description": "Document the paired electric organs at the level supported by species-specific evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-presence-and-development", "name": "Organ presence and development", "description": "Separate expected electric-organ anatomy from direct observations and unresolved developmental variation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source establishes the location and structure of the paired electric organs for this taxon?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "organ-presence-and-development-q01" }, { "text": "Is organ development or functional capability established for this individual's life stage, or merely inferred from adult descriptions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "organ-presence-and-development-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "discharge-measurement-and-context", "name": "Discharge measurement and context", "description": "Interpret electrical observations using recording conditions and the animal's behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-discharge-record", "name": "Interpretable discharge record", "description": "Keep measured electrical quantities, apparatus and behavioural interpretation together without assuming that every discharge serves the same function.", "questions": [ { "text": "What voltage, current or pulse timing was measured, and under what electrode placement, load, water conductivity and instrument settings?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-discharge-record-q01" }, { "text": "What observed sequence supports interpreting the discharge as feeding-related, defensive or of unresolved function?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-discharge-record-q02" }, { "text": "Can the required information be obtained from existing evidence or passive observation without inducing a discharge?", "kind": "action", "id": "interpretable-discharge-record-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-history-and-condition", "name": "Life history and condition", "description": "Interpret development, reproduction, feeding and welfare at an appropriate taxonomic resolution.", "rationale": "An electric ray's size or discharge behaviour alone cannot establish maturity, reproductive state or health.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Record life-stage and reproductive evidence without transferring unsupported traits between species.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-sex-and-reproductive-evidence", "name": "Stage, sex and reproductive evidence", "description": "Use documented criteria for developmental stage, sexual dimorphism, maturity and reproduction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species-specific characters or measurements support assigning sex and life stage, and what remains unknown?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-sex-and-reproductive-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What sources establish reproductive mode, maturity criteria and any seasonal reproductive pattern for this taxon?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-sex-and-reproductive-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feeding-and-welfare", "name": "Feeding and welfare", "description": "Connect feeding observations and physical condition to an appropriate baseline.", "findings": [ { "id": "feeding-performance-and-condition", "name": "Feeding performance and condition", "description": "Record prey interactions, electrical behaviour and signs of impairment while separating observation from diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What prey capture or feeding behaviour was directly observed, including any associated discharge, and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "feeding-performance-and-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed injuries, ventilation changes or movement abnormalities warrant specialist assessment under an applicable protocol?", "kind": "action", "id": "feeding-performance-and-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitat-conservation-and-encounters", "name": "Habitat, conservation and encounters", "description": "Connect electric rays to their environment, population evidence and decisions during human contact.", "rationale": "Range, threats and permitted interventions depend on species and place, while electrical capability changes how encounters must be assessed.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-and-habitat-evidence", "name": "Range and habitat evidence", "description": "Distinguish verified occurrence from inferred distribution and environmental preference.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-occurrence-and-supported-range", "name": "Local occurrence and supported range", "description": "Retain identification quality and environmental context for occurrences used to describe distribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified records support this taxon's native range, and where are boundaries uncertain because identification or sampling is weak?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "local-occurrence-and-supported-range-q01" }, { "text": "What depth, substrate, temperature and salinity accompany this observation, and do they represent one encounter or repeated habitat use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-occurrence-and-supported-range-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-status-and-human-contact", "name": "Population status and human contact", "description": "Link conservation evidence and encounter circumstances to justified intervention.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-and-encounter-response", "name": "Assessment and encounter response", "description": "Keep dated conservation assessments distinct from local condition, and ground contact decisions in suitable electrical and animal-welfare procedures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the identified taxon's IUCN assessment category and assessment year, and what evidence establishes pressures on this local population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assessment-and-encounter-response-q01" }, { "text": "For this free-swimming, stranded, captured or captive animal, which applicable protocol and legal requirements govern observation, handling or release?", "kind": "action", "id": "assessment-and-encounter-response-q02" }, { "text": "What uncertainty about identification, discharge capability or animal condition requires specialist involvement before intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "assessment-and-encounter-response-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Recall only: no sources were consulted. Verify current order and family boundaries, taxonomic authorities and identifier values before publication.", "Electric-organ output, adult size, sexual dimorphism and reproductive development vary by species; no group-wide numerical range is asserted.", "Establish a species before supplying an accepted binomial, native range or IUCN category and assessment year." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Torpedo rays (Torpedinidae)", "Numbfishes (Narcinidae)", "Sleeper rays (Narkidae)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Torpediniformes", "note": "A traditional order-level designation; electric ray names a group, not a single species with an accepted binomial." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric identifier", "note": "Identifies a taxon in the GBIF taxonomic backbone; no particular key is asserted here." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric identifier", "note": "Identifies a taxonomic record; species-specific identifiers require the species to be established." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs scientific names at family, genus and species levels.", "IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria provide a framework for species extinction-risk assessments; an assessment is not itself a legal protection." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Electric organs, particularly those of torpedo rays, have been used to study acetylcholine receptors and cholinergic transmission.", "Electric rays are studied in research on bioelectricity, electric-organ evolution and predator-prey interactions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Handling or disturbing an electric ray can provoke an electric discharge.", "A shock underwater can cause pain, startle or loss of control, creating an indirect drowning hazard.", "Incidental capture in fishing gear can injure or kill electric rays.", "Low reproductive output in some species can limit recovery from sustained fishing mortality." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Different species occupy tropical, subtropical and temperate seas; the group does not have one species-level native range.", "Habitats vary from shallow sandy or muddy coastal bottoms to deeper continental-shelf and slope environments.", "Fishing exposure, conservation status and legal protection vary by species and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Stingray", "difference": "Stingrays belong to a different ray lineage and commonly defend themselves with a venom-bearing tail spine; electric rays have specialized paired electric organs." }, { "name": "Skate", "difference": "Skates are a separate ray lineage and generally lay egg cases; electric rays bear live young and possess large paired electric organs beside the head." }, { "name": "Electric eel", "difference": "Electric eels are freshwater bony fishes of the knifefish lineage; electric rays are marine cartilaginous fishes." }, { "name": "Electric-ray species", "difference": "A species is a particular taxon within the broader electric-ray group; its range and conservation assessment cannot automatically be applied to every electric ray." }, { "name": "Individual electric ray", "difference": "An individual is one organism with its own age, sex and condition; a population comprises members of a species in a defined area." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of electric ray this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative taxonomic treatment should define the full coverage of electric ray, and how should conflicting classifications and external identifiers be reconciled?", "Which identification characters reliably distinguish the included species across juvenile and adult stages, including documented sexual dimorphism?", "What comparable species-specific evidence exists for discharge output, developmental onset and behavioural use under clearly described measurement conditions?", "Which native ranges, habitat associations and dated conservation assessments are supported for each included species, and where are population data insufficient?", "Which validated encounter and welfare protocols apply to different electric-ray species and settings, and what evidence supports their intervention thresholds?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a electric ray, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electric ray, distinguish taxon-level knowledge from observations of individuals and populations, assess condition and electrical hazards, and choose evidence-supported actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a electric ray, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one electric ray from another, and a electric ray from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a electric ray sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a electric ray from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a electric ray is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a electric ray and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a electric ray is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a electric ray is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a electric ray is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a electric ray moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a electric ray passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a electric ray between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a electric ray, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a electric ray is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What electric ray is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of electric ray, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate electric ray from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish electric ray from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What electric ray does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does electric ray pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of electric ray judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where electric ray lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of electric ray, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does electric ray hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a electric ray came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a electric ray and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a electric ray is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a electric ray, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a electric ray, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a electric ray is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }