← Back to catalogue
Research draft

alkane

vr.tr.alkane · PHY.MAT

Let an agent handle alkanes by chain length, properties, uses, hazards and naming.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle alkanes by chain length, properties, uses, hazards and naming.

A saturated acyclic hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2, such as methane, ethane, propane and butane; the main components of natural gas and many fuels.

What it is for: Fuels, solvents, waxes and chemical feedstocks.

It can be name alkanes by IUPAC rules; compare boiling points by chain length; check flammability and handling rules; identify uses as fuels or feedstocks.

Distinguishing features

Only single bonds

Relatively unreactive except in combustion

Boiling point rises with chain length

Straight and branched isomers

What it looks like

Gases for short chains, liquids for medium chains and waxy solids for long chains; colourless.

Physical character

methane boiling point: about -162 degC

state at room temperature: gas up to C4, liquid about C5-C17 - approximate

How it is recognised

General formula CnH2n+2

Names ending in -ane

Cycloalkanes have rings and a different formula

Related models

is a kind of - category

aliphatic hydrocarbon

includes - members

methane and propane

is found in - source

natural gas and petroleum

is contrasted with - unsaturated

alkene

In practice

Families and kinds

gaseous alkanes

liquid alkanes

paraffin waxes

branched alkanes

isomers

Identifiers

CAS number per compound registry

IUPAC name systematic nomenclature

Standards and regulation

IUPAC nomenclature

CLP and GHS classification

ATEX rules for explosive atmospheres

Failure modes and hazards

Fire and explosion

Asphyxiation in enclosed spaces

Carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion

Also called

(2H4)methanehentetracontanepropaneundecanedodecanetetradecanepentadecanehexadecaneheptadecaneoctadecanenonadecaneicosaneheneicosanedocosanetricosanetetracosanepentacosanehexacosaneheptacosanenonacosanehentriacontanedotriacontanetritriacontanetetratriacontanepentatriacontanehexatriacontaneheptatriacontaneoctatriacontanenonatriacontanetritetracontanetetratetracontane2-methylhexacosane2-methylpentacosane2,4-dimethylheptane2-methyloctane3-methyloctaneoctacosanepristane(RS)-4-ethyloctaneoctatetracontane

+127

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Structure Which alkane.

Chain length decides properties.

Name

IUPAC.

Name

Name and formula.

  1. What is the IUPAC name and formula? definition
  2. Is it straight-chain or branched? definition

Isomers

Branching.

Isomers

Isomers.

  1. How many isomers does this formula have? measurement
  2. How do their properties differ? definition
Properties Physical data.

Properties guide use.

Physical

Boiling point.

Physical

Physical properties.

  1. What are its boiling point and density? measurement
  2. From which data source? provenance

Reactivity

Combustion.

Reactivity

Reactivity.

  1. What does complete combustion produce? definition
  2. When does incomplete combustion occur? boundary
Safety Hazards.

Alkanes are flammable.

Fire

Flammability.

Fire

Fire hazard.

  1. What are its flash point and explosive limits? measurement
  2. What storage rules apply? provenance

Leaks

Gas leaks.

Leaks

Gas leaks.

  1. What should someone do if they smell gas? action
  2. Which emergency number applies? provenance
Uses Applications.

Uses depend on chain length.

Fuels

Gas and liquids.

Fuels

Fuel uses.

  1. Which fuel is this alkane part of? definition
  2. What is its energy content? measurement

Industry

Feedstocks.

Industry

Industrial uses.

  1. How is it used as a chemical feedstock or solvent? definition
  2. What alternatives exist? definition

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each alkane be a separate entry?
  • How should isomers be linked?
  • How should fuel grades be linked?