ribosome
Let an agent explain ribosomes and their structure and function, relay their diversity across cell types and organelles, describe their role as antibiotic targets and in disease, and distinguish ribosomes from other RNA-protein complexes.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What ribosomes are.
Structure
Structure.
Structure
Structure.
- How are ribosomes built from rRNA and proteins, and how do subunits differ across domains of life? definition
- Is the complex a ribosome or another RNA-protein machine? boundary
Function
Translation.
Function
Function.
- How do ribosomes translate mRNA through initiation, elongation and termination? definition
- Which entry fits translation? action
Diversity Kinds and locations.
Locations
Free, bound and organellar.
Locations
Locations.
- How do free, membrane-bound, polysomal and organellar ribosomes differ in role? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific kind? action
Biogenesis
Biogenesis.
Biogenesis
Biogenesis.
- How are ribosomes assembled in the nucleolus and cytoplasm? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Medicine Antibiotics and disease.
Antibiotics
Antibiotic targets.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics.
- Which antibiotics act on ribosomes, and how does resistance arise, in general terms? provenance
- Which entry fits antibiotic resistance? action
Disease
Ribosomopathies.
Disease
Disease.
- What diseases arise from ribosome defects, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about a personal diagnosis, which needs a clinician? boundary
Context History and methods.
History
History.
History
History.
- How were ribosomes discovered and their structures solved, including the 2009 Nobel work? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Methods
Methods.
Methods
Methods.
- How are ribosomes studied by cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and profiling? provenance
- Which entry fits ribosome profiling? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.LIV
- Other names and narrower kinds
- polysomal ribosome, cytosolic ribosome, organellar ribosome, 80S, membrane-bound ribosome, free ribosome
What it is Filled
A large complex of ribosomal RNA and proteins found across all domains of life, but absent from some specialised living cells such as mature mammalian red blood cells, that synthesises proteins by translating messenger RNA, composed of a small and a large subunit, typically 70S in bacteria, archaea and chloroplasts and 80S in the eukaryotic cytosol, with mitochondrial ribosomes varying among organisms and being 55S in mammals, occurring free in the cytoplasm, bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or in polysomes translating one mRNA; ribosomes are the target of many antibiotics and their structure was resolved at atomic level in work recognised by the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain ribosomes and their structure and function, relay their diversity across cell types and organelles, describe their role as antibiotic targets and in disease, and distinguish ribosomes from other RNA-protein complexes.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Ribozyme catalysis
- Two subunits
- Universal across life
- Antibiotic target
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Present laboratory findings on ribosomes as medical advice.
- Advise on using ribosome-targeting antibiotics for a person's infection.
- Encourage antibiotic use that drives resistance, such as without diagnosis or course completion.
- Fabricate structural or sequencing data.
Only with a human decision
- Any clinical decision involving antibiotics that act on ribosomes.
May
- Explain ribosome structure and translation from biochemical sources.
- Analyse ribosome profiling or structural data a user is authorized to work with.
Moral aspects Filled
- Antibiotic resistance is a shared risk; careless advice costs lives.
- Research integrity matters because structural claims guide drug development.
Who is affected
- Patients on antibiotics
- Researchers
- The public exposed to resistant infections
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody owns a cell component.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q22326185 - registry parent class
- Q66562899 - registry parent class
related
- intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle - in registry terms
- nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelle - in registry terms
- translation - of mRNA into protein
- antibiotic - such as macrolides and aminoglycosides
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.ribosome
- Wikidata: Q42244 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42244)
- Gene Ontology: GO:0005840 ribosome
Direct properties required Filled
- eukaryotic ribosome mass: about 4.3 MDa
- ribosomes per bacterial cell: about 10000-70000 count - growth dependent
- elongation rate: about 15-20 amino acids per second - bacteria
Recognition required Filled
- RNA-protein machine for translation
- 70S and 80S, free, membrane-bound, organellar, polysomal
- Spliceosomes process RNA; proteasomes degrade proteins
- Not visible; dense particles about 20 to 30 nanometres across in electron micrographs.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain structure and function
- relay diversity and localisation
- describe antibiotic targeting and disease
- distinguish from related complexes
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Ribosomopathies from ribosomal protein defects
- Antibiotic resistance through ribosomal mutations
- Confusing ribosome types
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- No regulation of the organelle; research and antibiotic regulation apply
Context of use required Filled
- Synthesising proteins.
- bacterial and archaeal 70S ribosomes
- eukaryotic cytosolic 80S ribosomes
- mitochondrial and chloroplast ribosomes
- free and membrane-bound ribosomes
- polysomes
- specialised and heterogeneous ribosomes
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q42244: ribosome - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Ribosome - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should mitochondrial ribosome be a separate entry?
- How should structural databases be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming localisations and types; should they be split off?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q42244/spec.json