ribosome
Let an agent explain ribosomes and their structure and function, relay their diversity across cell types and organelles, describe their role as antibiotic targets and in disease, and distinguish ribosomes from other RNA-protein complexes.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain ribosomes and their structure and function, relay their diversity across cell types and organelles, describe their role as antibiotic targets and in disease, and distinguish ribosomes from other RNA-protein complexes.
A large complex of ribosomal RNA and proteins found in all living cells that synthesises proteins by translating messenger RNA, composed of a small and a large subunit, 70S in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria and chloroplasts and 80S in the eukaryotic cytosol, occurring free in the cytoplasm, bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or in polysomes translating one mRNA; ribosomes are the target of many antibiotics and their structure was resolved at atomic level in work recognised by the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
What it is for: Synthesising proteins.
It can be explain structure and function; relay diversity and localisation; describe antibiotic targeting and disease; distinguish from related complexes.
Distinguishing features
Ribozyme catalysis
Two subunits
Universal across life
Antibiotic target
What it looks like
Not visible; dense particles about 20 to 30 nanometres across in electron micrographs.
Physical character
eukaryotic ribosome mass: about 4.3 MDa
ribosomes per bacterial cell: about 10000-70000 count - growth dependent
elongation rate: about 15-20 amino acids per second - bacteria
How it is recognised
RNA-protein machine for translation
70S and 80S, free, membrane-bound, organellar, polysomal
Spliceosomes process RNA; proteasomes degrade proteins
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
performs - of mRNA into protein
is targeted by - such as macrolides and aminoglycosides
In practice
Families and kinds
bacterial and archaeal 70S ribosomes
eukaryotic cytosolic 80S ribosomes
mitochondrial and chloroplast ribosomes
free and membrane-bound ribosomes
polysomes
specialised and heterogeneous ribosomes
Identifiers
Gene Ontology GO:0005840 ribosome
Standards and regulation
No regulation of the organelle; research and antibiotic regulation apply
Failure modes and hazards
Ribosomopathies from ribosomal protein defects
Antibiotic resistance through ribosomal mutations
Confusing ribosome types
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.ribosome
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What ribosomes are.
Science.
Structure
Structure.
Structure
Structure.
- How are ribosomes built from rRNA and proteins, and how do subunits differ across domains of life? definition
- Is the complex a ribosome or another RNA-protein machine? boundary
Function
Translation.
Function
Function.
- How do ribosomes translate mRNA through initiation, elongation and termination? definition
- Which entry fits translation? action
Diversity Kinds and locations.
Science.
Locations
Free, bound and organellar.
Locations
Locations.
- How do free, membrane-bound, polysomal and organellar ribosomes differ in role? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific kind? action
Biogenesis
Biogenesis.
Biogenesis
Biogenesis.
- How are ribosomes assembled in the nucleolus and cytoplasm? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Medicine Antibiotics and disease.
Clinical.
Antibiotics
Antibiotic targets.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics.
- Which antibiotics act on ribosomes, and how does resistance arise, in general terms? provenance
- Which entry fits antibiotic resistance? action
Disease
Ribosomopathies.
Disease
Disease.
- What diseases arise from ribosome defects, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about a personal diagnosis, which needs a clinician? boundary
Context History and methods.
Context.
History
History.
History
History.
- How were ribosomes discovered and their structures solved, including the 2009 Nobel work? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Methods
Methods.
Methods
Methods.
- How are ribosomes studied by cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and profiling? provenance
- Which entry fits ribosome profiling? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should mitochondrial ribosome be a separate entry?
- How should structural databases be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming localisations and types; should they be split off?