phosphatase
Let an agent explain phosphatases and their classes, relay mechanisms, roles in signalling and metabolism and clinical uses from biochemistry sources, describe the families the registry aliases name, and distinguish phosphatases from kinases, from phosphodiesterases and from phosphorylases.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain phosphatases and their classes, relay mechanisms, roles in signalling and metabolism and clinical uses from biochemistry sources, describe the families the registry aliases name, and distinguish phosphatases from kinases, from phosphodiesterases and from phosphorylases.
An enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing a phosphoric ester bond, including protein phosphatases that reverse the action of kinases in cell signalling, such as MAPK phosphatases and Slingshot phosphatases, phospholipid phosphatases, inositol polyphosphate phosphatases, trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases in microbial and plant metabolism, and alkaline and acid phosphatases used as clinical markers; phosphatases are central to regulation and metabolism.
What it is for: Not applicable; an enzyme class.
It can be explain the enzyme class; relay mechanisms and roles; describe families; distinguish related enzymes.
Distinguishing features
Dephosphorylation
Counterpart of kinases
Many families
Clinical markers
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a protein.
Physical character
EC class: EC 3.1.3 note - phosphoric monoester hydrolases
human protein phosphatases: about 200 count
alkaline phosphatase: clinical liver and bone marker note
How it is recognised
Enzyme removing phosphate groups
Protein phosphatase, MAPK phosphatase, Slingshot-like phosphatase, phospholipid phosphatase, inositol polyphosphate phosphatase, trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase
Kinases add phosphate; phosphodiesterases cleave diesters; phosphorylases add phosphate to substrates
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is contrasted with - which adds phosphate
is exemplified by - a clinical marker
In practice
Families and kinds
serine/threonine protein phosphatases
tyrosine phosphatases
dual-specificity phosphatases such as MAPK phosphatases
Slingshot phosphatases
lipid phosphatases such as phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate phosphatases
metabolic phosphatases such as trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase
alkaline and acid phosphatases
Identifiers
EC 3.1.3 phosphoric monoester hydrolases
MeSH D010744 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
Standards and regulation
IUBMB enzyme nomenclature
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing phosphatases with kinases or phosphorylases
Registry aliases mixing families at different levels
Overinterpreting clinical marker values
Also called
+191
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a phosphatase is.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a phosphatase, and how does it differ from a kinase, phosphodiesterase and phosphorylase? definition
- Is the question about the class, a family, signalling, metabolism or a clinical test? boundary
Families
Families.
Families
Families.
- What are protein, MAPK, Slingshot, phospholipid, inositol polyphosphate and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases? definition
- Which entry fits the specific family? action
Biochemistry Mechanism and roles.
Science.
Mechanism
Mechanism.
Mechanism
Mechanism.
- How do phosphatases catalyse dephosphorylation, and how are they classified? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Signalling
Signalling.
Signalling
Signalling.
- How do phosphatases regulate kinase cascades and cell processes? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Medicine Medicine and metabolism.
Application.
Clinical
Clinical.
Clinical
Clinical.
- How are alkaline and acid phosphatase used as clinical markers, and what diseases involve phosphatases? provenance
- Which entry fits alkaline phosphatase? action
Metabolism
Metabolism.
Metabolism
Metabolism.
- What roles do phosphatases play in metabolism, such as trehalose synthesis? provenance
- Which entry fits trehalose? action
Context Drugs and history.
Context.
Drugs
Drug targets.
Drugs
Drugs.
- How are phosphatases targeted by drugs and toxins such as okadaic acid? provenance
- Which entry fits enzyme inhibitor? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How were phosphatases discovered and characterised? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of biochemistry? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should protein phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase be separate primary entries?
- How should biochemistry sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming families at different levels; should they be split off?